1. Introduction to Six Sigma
David Hendershot

2. What is a sigma?
 Letter in the Greek alphabet
 For our purposes it is standard deviation
from a norm
 It is about measurement
 A deviation is a breakdown in systems not
people
 It is delivering what the customer wants
which is perfection.

3. Why Six Sigma
 A dissatisfied customer will tell 9 to ten
people about the problem
 The same customer will only tell five
people if the problem is handled
satisfactorily
 31% of people with problems complain
 Of that 31% nine percent will do business
with that company again
 Redesign and Rework costs

4. Proponents
 Motorola
 GE (CEO Jack Welch said it saved 2
Billion)
 3M

5. Six Levels
 6 3.4 Defects per million
 5 233
 4 6,210
 3 66,807
 2 308,537
 1 690,000

6. Belts
 Black Belt
◦ Full Time Change Agent that works with teams
 Master Black Belt
◦ Expert 1 per company
 Green Belt
◦ Someone trained but has other functions within
company

7. Terms
 CTQ-Critical To Quality
 DMAIC-Define, Measure, Analyze,
Improve and Control

8. DMAIC TEAM
 Identify Project
 Form The Team
 Develop a Charter
 Train the Team
 Perform DMAIC Analysis and Implement
 Hand Off Solution

9. Six Sigma Tool Kit
 Brainstorming
 Affinity Diagraming
 Structure Tree
 High Level Process Map (SIPOC)
◦ Suppliers, Inputs, Outputs, Customers
 Flow Chart (Process Map)
 Cause and Effect Diagrams (Fishbone)

11. Tools for Gathering Data
 Sampling
 Operational Definition
 Voice of the Customer Methods
◦ Market research, Requirement Analysis, Data
Mining
 Checksheet or Spreadsheet
 Measurement System Analysis (R&R)

12. Tools for Process and Data
Analysis
 Process Flow Analysis
 Value and Non Value Added Analysis
 Charts and Graphs (X,Y)