Bmp maintenance 11 13-13

Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Importance

• Maintain the function of the BMP
• Maintain environmental and habitat
benefits
• Maintain appearance-public acceptance
• Prevent costly future repairs

Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013

Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Facility Inventory

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Obtain maintenance plan
and design documents
Visit the site to review
conditions, access
Contact the local
governmental jurisdiction
Several communities in
JOCO now require an
establishment and
maintenance plan to be
recorded with the county


Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Work Plan

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Review facility inventory
Review maintenance guides
Create a list of activities,
equipment needed and cost
Review plan with owner and local
governmental officials
Modify or create checklist and
record keeping procedures
Assign and educate personnel
Implementation and evaluation


Inspections

Frequency and Type
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Construction process
BMP age
BMP type
BMP condition

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BMP design
Plant type and species
Upstream conditions


Regular Inspections
Frequency

Immediately after planting

Weeds and invasive species a
few months after planting

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Weekly during establishment period
Weekly/monthly after establishment period
Complete when doing regular site maintenance
Some inspections should occur during rainfall
Some inspections should occur 24 hours after rainfall

After establishment period


During rain event

Regular Inspections
Location

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Upstream Parking Lots & Paved Areas
Upstream Unpaved Areas
Forebays
Main Treatment Area
Storm Sewer Pipes and Structures


Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment

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Trash and debris
Sediment accumulation
Bare soil and erosion
Plant coverage
Plant health

Sediment accumulation
Trash and debris

Plant coverage
Plant Health
Erosion

Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment

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Soil moisture and percolation
Weeds and invasive species
Animal and insect damage
Mulch condition
Soil percolation

Weeds and invasive species
2 months after planting
Animal damage

Mulch


Periodic Inspections
Frequency

• Annually or as needed
• Increase frequency to monitor
identified potential problems
• During drought
• During storm events


Visual Assessment

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Storm sewer pipe and structure
condition
Dam, embankment, overflow
weir condition
Stormwater Flow


Testing and Surveys

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Soil testing
Soil profile
Stormwater flow
Detention volume
Water testing


Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Stabilization

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Establishment Period
Management Period
Repairs


Clean Up – Trash and Debris
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Location
Equipment
Frequency
Disposal


Clean Up – Sediment Removal

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Location (Upstream, Forebay,
Structures, Ponding & Treatment
Area)
Equipment
Method (Avoid heavy equipment
of select soils)
Frequency
Disposal
Amount (All or partial)


Plant Density

Year 1

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Year 2

Facility age
Plant loss
Season
Plant spacing


Year 4

Invasive Species Removal –General

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Importance
Frequency
Environmentally sensitive practices
Plant identification-use photo guides


Invasive Species Removal –By Hand

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Method
Frequency
Weed species knowledge
Clean Up (removal of Biomass)


Invasive Species Removal –Mowing

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Equipment
Method
Height
Frequency
Edging
Clean Up (removal of Biomass)



Invasive Species Removal –Edging & Trimming

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Purpose
Equipment
Method
Frequency
Clean Up (removal of
Biomass)


Invasive Species Removal –Burning

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Benefits
Local regulations
Method (Spot and Large Area)
Frequency


Invasive Species Removal –Chemical

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Integrated Chemical Management
Product Selection
Timing
Method/Application


Invasive Aquatic Species Removal

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Cattails
Reed Canary Grass
Algae


Invasive Woody Species Removal

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Location
Equipment
Method
Frequency

Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011

Plant Maintenance
• Aesthetic Goals
• Frequency
• Plant Characteristics
• Watering
• Replacements
• Disease


Soil Amendments

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Type (Organic vs Inorganic
Composition
Frequency
Application Rate
Adjacent Areas


Pest Management

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Animal damage
Insects


Resources

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APWA MARC Maunal of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Quality, Mid America Regional Council, August
2009

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“Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007

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“Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities,
2005

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“Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009

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“A Citizen’s Guide to Maintaining Stormwater Best Management Practices”, Lake County Stormwater Management
Commission, October 2004

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“Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009

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Stormwater BMPs Selection, Maintenance & Monitoring, Gordon England and Stuart Stein, July 2007


Questions?


Plant Maintenance for BMPs

Jason Dremsa- Applied Ecological Services


Overview
• Updates to the BMP Manual Maintenance
Tables
• First Year establishment Priorities
• Second & Third Year Establishment Priorities
• Continuing Maintenance Issues
• Resources for Maintenance (BMP Manual)


BMP Manual Maintenance Updates
Tables – Section 8
Typical Maintenance Activities:
• Rain Garden (8.1)
• Bioretention Cell (8.4.6)
• Extended Dry Detention Basin (8.12.6)


Activity

Frequency

Establishment (1-3yrs)
Watering plants
(seeded areas up to 8 weeks, plugs and container plants in drought )

Weed control
(flail mow, string-trim, selective/preemerg herbicides, mechanical removal , foliar herbicide)

Remove litter and debris
(trash, leaves, sand, mower discharge)

Monitor & repair erosion
(stabilize soil, replace plants, secure edging)

Check for standing water
(longer than design, any puddles, saturated soil)

Add mulch
(moisture & weed control with plugs/containers, 3” or less)

Inspect drainage area
(parking lot sweeping, open dumpsters, etc)

Replace dead plants
(use design species/size: overseed, install deep cell plugs, maintain density)


1” per week as
needed
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Annually
Annually
Annually, as needed

Activity

Frequency

Establishment (3yrs+)
Vegetation cleanup
(string-trim, spot spray, prescribed burn, prune)
Evaluate plant composition
(woody invasion, grass/flower ratio, “right plant right place”)
Sediment removal, erosion control
(pretreatment structures: forebay, check dams, swale)
Address animal damage
(beaver dams, muskrat burrows, deer rubs)
Verify structural component function
(v-notch weir, check dams, outlet protection, area inlet, valve or gate lube, underdrain, inflows)

Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011

Annually, spring or fall
Annually
Annually
Annually
Annually

Activity

Frequency

Native Vegetation Swale
String trim vegetation to minimize disturbance

Annually

Inspect for erosion in flow lines and slopes

Annually

Bioretention cell
Evaluate soils for nutrients, physical make-up

Annually

Fortify edging material/adjacent landscape beds

Annually

Typical maintenance activities are outlined to provide a basis for scheduling and
planning work but should not be considered wholly comprehensive or definitive.
Activities and frequencies will vary depending on site conditions and expectations
related to adjacent land use. Some activities shown may continue through the
establishment and maintenance phases. It’s important to use adaptive
management based on the goals of the practice and to integrate evaluation and
assessment into a long-term maintenance plan.

First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Erosion Control:
• Rills
• Gullies
Sheet Flow or Concentrated?
Annual Weeds: ID, removal, examples…


Annual weeds –
Definition:
• Annual plants complete their life cycle in one
year.
• A weed is a plant out of place.


Removing Annual weeds
• Annual weeds should be cut or broken off at
the base to limit soil disturbance; disturbance
after planting can lead to erosion and more
weeds.



Common Annual Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)

List:
•ANNUAL BROAD LEAF WEEDS :

•common sunflower
•mares tail
•giant ragweed
•common ragweed
•cocklebur
•lambs quarter
•prickly lettuce
•pigweed
•velvet leaf
•hedge parsely

•ANNUAL GRASS
WEEDS:

•fox tail (green,
yellow, & giant)


Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common sunflower Helianthus annuus
•2 to 10 feet tall

•Found in
cultivated land,
pastures, and
BMPs

mares tail Conyza canadensis
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
roadsides, and
BMPs


giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
•12 to 18 feet
tall on fertile,
moist soils; 4 to
8 feet in less
fertile, drier
areas
•Found mostly on
fertile, moist
soils, especially
bottomlands

common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in old
pastures, BMPs,
roadsides, and
cultivated land

cocklebur Xanthium strumarium
•2 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
abandoned land,
poor pastures,
and roadsides

lambs quarter Chenopodium album
•3 to 4 feet tall

•Found in
cultivated crops


prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
•2 to 6 feet tall

•Found in
roadsides,
fence rows,
and BMPs

pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
•up to 6 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
yards, fence
rows, and BMPs

velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti
•often 6 to 8 feet tall
•Found principally
in soybean and
corn fields but
occasionally in
gardens, and along
fence rows


hedge parsely
•1-3 feet tall
•Found in BMPs,
edges of woods,
and low shady
places


Annual Grass Weed Control :
fox tail (green, yellow, giant) Setaria spp.
•Typically 1 to 4 feet tall

•Found in cultivated
crops, gardens, turf


Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
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Replacement Planting
Inlet, forebay, repair/cleaning
On-going Erosion Problem
Other Issues
Hydrology


Biennial weeds–
• A plant out of place that normally requires two
seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually
as a rosette in the first season and producing
flowers and fruits and then dying in the second
season.
Perennial weeds –
• A plant out of place that lives for more than two
years, retuning from their root-stock; rather than
seeding themselves as an annual plant does.

• Removing Biennial weeds:
Cut stalk before seed production, Pull (with out
disturbing soil) kill Rosette with herbicide.
• Removing Perennial weeds:
Spray with herbicide or Pull (with out disturbing
soil) and/or burn with prescribed fire (if
permitted).


Common Biennial & Perennial Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)

List:

•BIENNIAL WEEDS:

•PERENNIAL WEEDS:

•Queen Anne’s lace
•musk thistle
•Sweet clover?

•curly dock
•red clover
•white clover
•field bind weed
•johnsongrass -photo
•sericea lezpedeza photo
•reed canary grass


Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota
•1 to 3 feet tall
•Found in
meadows,
pastures, and
roadsides; not
in cultivated
fields

Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
musk thistle Carduus nutans
•Noxious Weed
•3 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
meadows, and
BMPs


Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
curley dock Rumex crispus
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
pastures,
roadsides, new
hay fields, and
BMPs


red clover Trifolium pratense
•1 -3 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites


white clover Trifolium repens
•Up to .5 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
and lawns


field bind weed Convolvulus arvensis
•Noxious Weed
•2 to 7 feet long,
twining or
spreading over
ground
•Able to persist and
spread in all
noncultivated areas


serecia lezpedeza Lespedeza cuneata
•Noxious Weed
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed prairies,
pastures, and
along road sides


Perennial Grass Weed Control :
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
•Noxious weed
•2-6 feet tall
•Moderate
moisture,
moist, to wet;
shores,
marshes


Perennial Grass Weed Control :
johngrass Sorghum holepense

•Noxious weed
•1-1/2 to 6 feet or
•more tall
•Found in
overflow
bottoms and
disturbed sites


Resources for Maintenance of
Stormwater Management BMPs
•

“Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007

•

“Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities,
2005

•

“Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009

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“Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2: Technical Handbook”, August 2001, Appendix E & F

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“Missouri Pond Handbook”, Missouri Dept of Conservation 2008

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“Aquatic Plants and Their Control”, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative
Extension Service 2005

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“Horticulture Report: Buffalo Grass Lawns” (MF 658), Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and
Cooperative Extensive Service, Sept 2001

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“Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance”, University of Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Laboratory
2010 (http://stormwaterbook.safl.umn.edu/)

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“Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009


Questions


Bmp maintenance 11 13-13

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