1. 1
‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺒﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻤﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺩ‬‫ﺸﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬–‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬–‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬–‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬–‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
2008/2009
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2. 2
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬:‫ﻫﺩ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺨﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬ ،‫ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬.
‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ؛‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺯ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ‬..‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻀﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭل‬.‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬‫ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬.
Psychological and social dimensions in the promotion of rumors through the
media and remedy from an Islamic perspective
Summary of research: study aims to uncover the psychological and social
dimensions in the promotion of rumors through the media and remedy from an
Islamic perspective, where the media of the main sources of information, which builds
upon the individual positions and groups based on trends of current events, whether
acceptance or rejection , And the media significant role in shaping the public's
recipient of the issues on the domestic and international arena, facing the world in
general and Palestinians in particular war is one of the harshest and most wars waged
by the enemies against their opponents, is to spread rumors aimed at undermining the
viability and dispersal of their ranks, broadcasting Sedition and division among them,
and through the media of different kinds, poisonous, where the media is a major factor
in the transformation process through its information may be true or false or distorted;
a result of exposure continued and sustained by the future of the media.
Islam Has been marked its presentation of the facts; proven that through intuition and
guesswork, and illustrated by way of fraud and chicanery .. But builds on the realities
of science leads to uncertainty, and the truth that leads to confidence and trust,
honesty commitment was crucial in the successful Islamic Information.
Islam has developed a set of solutions that contribute to the reduction of rumors and
damage to the individual and society.
To achieve the purpose of the study researchers used the descriptive approach
analytical attempt to describe the phenomenon in question; and analysis of data
indicating the relationship between the components and the views put around and
processes involved and the effects.
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3. 3
‫ﻤﻘـﺩﻤـــﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫؛‬‫ﺘـﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬(‫ﻋﻭﺍﻁـﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬‫ﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻅﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬.
‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺯﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﻓﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺼل‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻑ‬‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﻭﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻭﻥ‬‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ‬‫؛‬‫ﻴـﻀﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺒل‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺒﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻭﺭﺒﻤ‬‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫؛‬‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻅﻡ‬‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻟﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫؛‬‫ﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺴـﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻋﺏﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﺼـﺩﻴﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻊ‬،‫ﺃ‬‫ﺩﺍﺨـل‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺫﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﺤﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺤل‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬)،‫ﻜﺤﻴل‬
‫ﺏ‬.‫ﺕ‬:71(.
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺭﻓﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻭﺍﺠﻪ‬‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺨﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬ ،‫ﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬ ،‫ﺼﻔﻭﻓﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺭﺘﺠﺎﻟﻴـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ،‫ﻨﻴﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﻭﻀﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻤ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ،‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺼﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺯﻤـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺘﺨﻁﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻑ‬.
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4. 4
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬،‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﻠﻕ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬‫ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺼل‬،‫ﻨﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺫﺍ‬-‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫ﻌﺔ‬-‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻀﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬)،‫ﻨﻭﻓل‬1981:101.(
‫ﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬،‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻬﻡ‬
"‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻤﺜ‬ ‫ﻓﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬)1918‫ﻡ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺴﻤ‬)‫ﻨﻭﺭﺜﻜﻠﻴﻑ‬(،
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬)‫ﻭﻟﺴﻭﻥ‬(‫ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬)‫ﺠـ‬‫ﻭﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴل‬(‫ﺃﺴـﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬)‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻭﻥ‬) (5.360.000(‫ﺨﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬‫ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ‬ ‫ل‬-
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ‬1918‫ﻡ‬)‫ﻨﻭﻓل‬،1981:103(.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻁ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﺒﻨﺎ‬)‫ﺭ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺘﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﻕ‬(،
‫ﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻭﻜـﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺯﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻤﺜ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬)1982(‫ﻟﺒﻨـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻠﺕ‬‫ﻭﺤـﺎﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻴﻴﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺂﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫ﻜﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬.
‫ﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﱡﻑ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻭﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬...‫ﺍﻟﺨـﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺠﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻠﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨـﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬،
‫ﺨﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬)‫ﺇﻴﺒﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺎ‬(‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ‬،‫ﺇﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺌﺴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺠﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺇﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻋﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤل‬،
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬)،‫ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‬1979:333.(
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5. 5
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺘﺘﻀﺢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠـﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫـﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺃﺤـﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻌـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺴ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌـﺎل‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺜل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺕ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬1994:60.(
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬)،‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬2005(‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬،‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬،‫ﺍﷲ‬2005(‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺼ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﻭﻭﺠﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺎﺏ‬.
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻗﺩ‬‫ﺯ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﻤ‬‫ﻋﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ‬‫؛‬‫ﻭﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻴﻭﻀ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺎﻟﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺩﻟﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬..‫ﻭﺇ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻤﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬،‫ﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻟﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻴﻡ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬:﴿‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬
‫ﻡ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻅ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺱ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹸﻡ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬:15(‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹼﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬‫ﻌﻥ‬‫ﻋﺎﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻔﺹ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﻀﻲ‬:‫ﻗﺎل‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬" :‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜﺫﺒ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺀ‬ ‫ﻜﻔﻰ‬‫ﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬ ‫ﺙ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻴﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬")‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬1/310:6(.
،‫ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻀﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻺﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻱﺀ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻉ‬-‫ﻭﺴـﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬-‫ﺒﺄﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺯﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺎﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻫﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻋﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﱠﺍﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟﺘـﻀﻠﻴل‬ ‫ل‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺭﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬‫؛‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻭﺘـﻀﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻀﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‬:﴿‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ِ‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟـ‬‫ﻭ‬ُ‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹺﺂ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹶ‬‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺏ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﹺﻱ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻔ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤل‬:105(،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻭﻟﻪ‬:﴿‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬ۖ‫َﻴ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺜ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ٓ‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺨ‬ُ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬۟﴾
)‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬:61(.
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻔﺴﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺡ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺠل‬ ‫ﻋﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬‫ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﺏ‬:
﴿‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻥ‬َ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻕ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺀ‬‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭﺍﺕ‬:6(.
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺄ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺭﻀ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺕ‬ ‫ﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬:
‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻔﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
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6. 6
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﻬﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﻋﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺎﻨﺔ‬‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻤﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻔﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟـﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﻲ‬.‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ‬‫ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬.‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻀﺤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻘﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁﻊ‬:﴿‫ﻥ‬‫ﹶـ‬‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﹾ‬‫ﺫ‬ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹶـﺎ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﻟ‬
ِ‫ﺇ‬ ‫ﹶﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﹸﻭﺍ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻔ‬‫َﻨ‬‫ﺄ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﹶﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬ْ‫ﺅ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹺﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻓ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﺭ‬:12(.
‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺴﺘﺤﻭﺫ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺒﺎﻫﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺤﺎﺼﺭﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻜﺎﺩ‬ ،
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺎﻫﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﺫﻫﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻭﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﺭﺃﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻤﻌﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻫﺫ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺒﺜﻘﺕ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﹼﻬ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻀﻴﻑ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺩ‬:
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻋﻼﻡ‬‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﺜﻕ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫؟‬
2-‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬‫؟‬
3-‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﺤﺩ‬‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬‫؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬:‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬:
1-‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
2-‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺸﻑ‬.
3-‫ﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻠﺤﺩ‬‫ﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﻴﻠﻲ‬:
1‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺅﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬.
2‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻁﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍﻻﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜـل‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.
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7. 7
3‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬.
4‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬.
5‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬.
6‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬:‫ﻴﺤـﺎﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻑ‬‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﺡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬:‫ﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘـﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﻴﻴـﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ،‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻬﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺭﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻤﻭﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﺴﻡ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻭﺌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺭﻉ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻠﺢ‬1994:14.(
-‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺤﻴﺹ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺤﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬‫ﺼـﺤﺘﻪ‬،
،‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻬﻭﻴ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﻟﻐﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻴل‬)،‫ﻁﻪ‬2003:22.(
-‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬" :‫ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟـﻴﺱ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﺔ‬‫ﻏﻴـﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟـﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻘل‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬"
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬:
‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬.
‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬.
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﺠل‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻴﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬)‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬(.
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﻗل‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬:
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8. 8
‫ﺒﻌـﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﻴـﺼﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬:
1‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﻏﻭﺭ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺴﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﻴﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﺒﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬)1974(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬"‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ‬"
‫ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗـﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ‬‫ﺘـﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻘﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺃ‬‫ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨـﻰ‬ ،‫ﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬‫ﻋـﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺠﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬70%‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﻤﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺸﻴﺌ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻁﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
2‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻹﺩﺭﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)1989(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬"‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻏﺴل‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺌﻌﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬،‫ﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬"
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻴل‬‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﻡ‬‫ﺎﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤـﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﺴـﺠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠ‬ ‫ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺴﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﺜﺒﺘ‬‫ﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺼل‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﺴﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺨﻁـﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻤﺎﻍ‬ ‫ﻏﺴﻴل‬‫ﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬(‫؛‬‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻭﻤـﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬.
3‫ـ‬‫ﺸﻠﻴﻔﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)2003(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭ‬‫ﺍﻥ‬":‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬"
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬)‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﻭﻁـﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔـﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻜﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻭﺩﻱ‬‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺼﻔﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗـﺕ‬ ‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋـﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻡ‬ ،‫ﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
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9. 9
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬)‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭ‬‫ﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬(‫ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭﺤـﺯﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻤﺠﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻡ‬ ،‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻨﺠﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﺼﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻘـل‬ ‫ﺒـﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺫﺍﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﻡ‬)‫ﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬(‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩ‬"‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﻘﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
)‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬(‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ‬".
4‫ـ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬)2005(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬:"‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻀﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬"
‫ﺇﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬‫ﻰ‬،‫ﺍﻟـﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬.
‫ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻬﻴﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺠﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴ‬‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻭﻕ‬.
5.‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬)2005(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬:"‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬:‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺎﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬"
‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺭ‬،
‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴـﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ‬،‫ﻭﻭﺠـﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬)‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬(‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﻁﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺸﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺒﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻬﺎﺠﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﺍﻤـ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬.
6‫ﺨﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ـ‬)2009(‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ‬"‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﻟﻜـﺸﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻴ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻜﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬‫ﺙ‬‫ﻋﺎﻤـل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬.
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10. 10
‫ﻓ‬‫ﺎﺭﺘﻜﺯﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺅﺩﺍﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬ ،‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬
،‫ﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻫﺎ‬:
1‫ـ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻭﺘﺨﻠﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺒﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.
2‫ـ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻭﺘﺠﻴﺵ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻗﺎﺘ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﻭﺘﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ل‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺸﻭﻴﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻹﻀﻌﺎﻑ‬‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬.
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺯﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬:
1‫ـ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬‫ﺤﻴﻭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.
2‫ـ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺴﺨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺠﻴﺞ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺤﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻠﻠﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬.
3‫ـ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺘﺠﻴﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻜﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺒﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.
4‫ـ‬‫ﺃﻀﻔﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻗل‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺘﺴﻭﻴﻐﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺘﺎل‬‫ﺠﺴﺩ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‬‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺅ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤل‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬‫ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻩ‬.
5‫ـ‬‫ﻤﺼﺭﺍﻋﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺕ‬‫ﻏﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻌﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴـﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺭﺘﻘﺎ‬‫ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻭﺘﺼﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل‬ ‫ﻨﺤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺏ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻤـﻥ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨ‬‫ﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬:،‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﻭل‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻹﺸـﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ‬
،‫ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻙ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺒﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻌـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺌ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬‫ﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺭﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﻻ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻭﻴﻥ‬.
‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭﺼﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺸـﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻨﻅﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﹰﺎ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻻﺤ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﺤﻔﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺯﺒﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:
1‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻜﺯﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻴل‬.
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2‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺔ‬.
3‫ﻜﺸﻔﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﻜﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.
4‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻘﻠﺹ‬ ‫ﺘﺼﻐﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺘﺩﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﺃ‬‫ﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﺩﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗل‬.
5‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬
6‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻫـﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺨﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻙ‬.
7‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘـﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺘﺒﺜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬:
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﻉ‬‫ﺼﺭﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺠﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬،‫ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺄﺴﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺍﺭﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬
‫ﹼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺎﻜﺔ‬:‫ﺠﺴﺩﻩ‬،‫ﻀـﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻟﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫ﻀﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﺃﺸ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ‬ ،‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺘﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺓ‬‫ﻷﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ،
‫ﻭﻨﻤﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻭﻗﻴ‬ ،‫ﻭﻋﻁﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﹸﻪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬.
‫ﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻅل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ،‫ﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻡ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬‫ﻭﺤﺘـﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻏﺒـﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻴﻭﻟﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﻡ‬‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‬،"‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﻌل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻀﺎﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴـﺸﻤل‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺘـﺩ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،
،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻓﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺘﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺩﺍل‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺓ‬")،‫ﺍﻟﺯﻫﺎﺭ‬2004:23(.
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺩﺜ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺒل‬ ،‫ﹴ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﺯﻤ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬‫ﻓﻠﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺤﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫـﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻨﺕ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺹ‬،‫ﺠﺎﺯ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻱ‬ ،‫ﻋﻜﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻜﺴﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻬﻭﺭﺓ‬‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻬﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬.
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،‫ﺠﻤﻌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬"‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼـﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴـﻭل‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻔﻁﺭﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺒـﺔ‬،
‫ﻴﺴﻘ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻡ‬‫ﻤﺴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻁ‬،‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬‫؛‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺸﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻗل‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺏ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬:
1‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ‬:‫ﺃﺒ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺼﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺤﻴﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻨـﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺴـﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬.
2‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻤـﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﻋـﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒـﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻘل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻑ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺒﺤﻘﺎﺌﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭﻫﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺒـﺎﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﺔ‬
‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺠﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺭﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﻩ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻤﺘﺜﺎ‬:﴿‫ﻥ‬‫ﹺﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻗ‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺫ‬‫َﻨ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭﺍﺀ‬:214(.
3‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ـ‬:‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ‬‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺘﺯﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬‫؛‬‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻹﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻋـﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭﻗـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‬:﴿‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻙ‬‫ﹸﻭ‬‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺞ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﹾ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﹺﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺱ‬‫ﱠﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱢﻥ‬‫ﺫ‬َ‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺞ‬‫ﹶـ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ل‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﹴ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ل‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﹶﻰ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻕ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻋ‬﴾)‫ﺍﻟﺤﺞ‬:27(.
4‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ـ‬:‫ﻫﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﻑ‬،‫ﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﻟﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺼل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺱ‬،‫ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻤﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺠل‬)،‫ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‬2002:122(.
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻀﻤﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨـﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻤـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻟﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ‬.
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺜﻡ‬‫ﻤﺅ‬ ‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ‬‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﺴﺎﺘﻪ‬،‫ﺃﺴـﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻴـﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﺩﻓـﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺠﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺜﺭﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻬﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﻤﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ‬
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‫ﺒـﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺨـﺴﺎﺌﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺘﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻴﻘﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬،
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﺃﺨﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴـﺯ‬ ‫ﻴﺤﺘـل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬‫؛‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋـﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺫﺕ‬‫ﺸﻤﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬،،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﺎﺕ‬:‫ﻭﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬)،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬1997:221(
‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺒﺸﻴﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬‫ﺠﻨـﻭﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟ‬ ،‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻠﺩﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﺭﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺘﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻘﺎﺘﻠﻭﻥ‬‫ﻴﺴﺘﺒﺴﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﻗﺽ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﺯﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻘﻬﻘﺭﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻨﺴﺤﺒﻭﻥ‬ ،‫ﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻌﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
،‫ﻋﻨـﺩﻫﻡ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻬﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤل‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻨﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴ‬ ‫ﺸﻤﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ،‫ﺨﺼﻭﻤﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻀﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﹶﺕ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﹺ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ‬‫؛‬
‫ﻋﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬‫؛‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﺼﺩﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺎﻴﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻭﺍﻁﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬـﺯﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻟـﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺤﻼل‬ ،‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺩﻤﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻴﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻔﻕ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ‬‫ﺔ‬)،‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬1997:222(.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ‬‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘل‬‫ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻁﻡ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺯﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬،‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﻭﻴﻌ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬‫ﻭﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜـ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﺴﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭل‬‫ﺔ‬
،‫ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬..‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺤﺭﻴﺼ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺩ‬‫ﺤﻴﻨﻬـﺎ‬‫ﻴﺭﻴـﻕ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬‫ﺱ‬.‫ﻻﻨﺘﻬـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻠـﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻤﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺩ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻀـﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪ‬‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﻤﺎﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻨﺱ‬‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬‫ﻗﺎل‬:‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻴﻔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻴﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬:
‫ﺘﻨﺯﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺭﺒﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻭﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻀﺭﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻴﺯﻴل‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺨﻠﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴل‬ ‫ﻴﺫﻫل‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
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‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬:‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺭﺴﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺎل‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺭ‬:‫ﺃﺸـﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻼﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒل‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬")‫ﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬3/353:3376(،‫ﻓﺈﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﻤﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺒﻥ‬–
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬‫ﻭﻫﻭ‬)‫ﻌﺭ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬(‫ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ‬‫ﺭﻭﻤل‬‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬:‫ﺇ‬‫ﻋﻘﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﻴﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻨﻬﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺌﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺭﺍل‬ ‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭل‬‫ﺸﺎﺭل‬‫ﺩﻴﻐﻭل‬:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬‫ﺤﺭﺏ‬،‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﺤﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺒل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﻥ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻅل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﺩﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫ﺘـﺴﺎﻨ‬‫ﻫـﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺒﻘﻭﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺘﺸﺭﺸل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﺩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻴﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻜﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬:‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬)‫ﺏ‬ ،‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‬.‫ﺕ‬:77.(
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭ‬ ‫ﺴﻼﺡ‬‫ﻴﺤﺘل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺃﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺸﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻴﺅﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬‫ﻤﻥ‬‫ﺍﻷﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬،‫ﻭﺒﺄﻗل‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺨﺴﺎﺌ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻤـﺴﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌـﺩﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺩﺨل‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘـﺭﻭﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﺤﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎ‬‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻑ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻴﺨﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻟﻠﻌﺩﻭ‬‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺏ‬:
‫ﺃ‬-‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺸﺭ‬،
‫ﻭﺘﺭﻭﻴﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ‬‫؛‬‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻟﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬.‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ‬ ‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻁﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻫﺩﺍﻑ‬‫ﻟﻨـﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻬﺔ‬،‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘ‬ ‫ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬‫ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻉ‬‫ﻭﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉ‬‫ﺒﻬﺯﻴﻤﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬.
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴﻜﻪ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻭﺯﺭﻉ‬‫ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻙ‬ ‫ﺒﺫﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺘﻬﻡ‬.‫ﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺤﺩﺍﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡ‬‫ﻭﺤﻠﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻡ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬‫ﺌﻪ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬،
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬،‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬،‫ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﻬل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺘﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬)،‫ﺒﺩﺭ‬1982:38(.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺤ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺍﻤﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻙ‬:‫ﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬ ‫ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﻤﻌﻴ‬ ‫ﺤﻭﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻗﺩ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‬‫؛‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻥ‬‫ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺘـﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺯﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺠل‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻠﻭﺏ‬.‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴل‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻙ‬ ‫ﻤﺜﺎل‬‫ﻭﻨـﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺩﺍﺌ‬‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻥ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﺒﺭﺭ‬ ‫ﻴﻴﻥ‬1967‫ﻡ‬.
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