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Cell Verification Metrics
Cell Verification Metrics



                         Sanjay Gupta
                 Cell Verification Lead
                    STI Design Center
                             6/27/2006
Outline
    Background
    Cell Architecture Overview
    Verification Process
    Hierarchical Verification
    Verification Metrics




2
Background
    Sony, Toshiba and IBM started the design process for a new
    high performance microprocessor in 2001


    IBM’s custom server verification methodology was used as a
    base
       New Vendor Tool was introduced
       IBM Cycle sim was used as the simulator of choice
       Most of the other verification tools used were IBM internal tools


    Cell processor met it goals and delivered excellent levels of
    performance and power efficiency
       256 GFlops (SP) @4GHz
       ~234M transistors
       ~235mm2 - 90nm SOI process

3
Overview
    Multi-core and non-homogeneous architecture
      One control optimized core - PPE
         Management and Allocation of tasks for SPEs
      Eight compute optimized cores – SPEs
         High computational tasks


    XDR Memory Interface
    Custom IO Interface
    Three completely different asynchronous clocks
    Non-critical logic run with 2x clock




4
Architecture

                                  SPU                                       SPU


                                                    …
                             LS     MFC                              LS       MFC

      PPE                    SPE0                                    SPE7

                                        Bus (EIB)


         Bus Interface Controller                       Memory Interface
                  (BIC)                                  Controller (MIC)




    To Southbridge Chip or                          To Main Memory
    to another Cell Chip


5
Verification
Process




6
Verification Planning
    Planning Theory : Top Down Specification/ Bottom up
    Implementation
      Plan out all environments needed to create a quality
      chip
      Break design into partition, island, unit, and block
      levels
      Define clear goals for each level
      Implement environments from block level up




7
Verification Phases

SYSTEM                                              PH1     PH2      PH3 PH4 PH5


                                   Phase1
CHIP                                    PH1         PH2    PH3      PH4 PH5


                                 Phase3       Phase4      Phase5
PARTITION                  PH1        PH2         PH3     PH4 PH5


               Phase1   Phase2      Phase3       Phase4
ISLAND          PH1      PH2         PH3          PH4     PH5



UNIT     PH1   PH2       PH3         PH4      PH5



                                      Time
  8
Statistics

                                                    Multi-processor
             Cell, 4 SPE Cell                      correctness
                 SPE, PPE                           Connectedness
                                                    Interface assumption
      SPU                                          validation
                        BIC

     MFC
                 MIC              PU
                                                     Processor element
                                                   functionality validation
                       EIB

             Unit/Island Environments               Thorough coverage
               Found 95% of Bugs
                                                    Functionality testing
            Partitions: 0.2% of Bugs
                                                    30 Simulation
             Full Chip: 3.5% of Bugs                Environments

            Verification Environment Hierarchies

9
Metrics
     The major metrics are
        Effective Passing Rate
           Includes testcase written as per plan, testcase running and
           testcase passing
        Effective Coverage
           Includes coverage implemented as per plan, coverage on line
           and coverage hit
        Checkers
           Includes % of checkers implemented and on line as per plan
        Reviews
           Includes % of the reviews conducted as per plan
        Bug Rate
           Includes logic as well as environment

        Sim Cycles


10
Metrics – cont…
     These metrics are assigned weights which are
     different for different environments.
     Different Environments are also assigned weights as
     per the complexity, newness etc.
     Based on all these information, verification progress
     can be calculated which is mostly upward curve ( as
     apposed to something which keeps on going up and
     down all the time)




11

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Cell Verification Metrics

  • 1. Cell Verification Metrics Cell Verification Metrics Sanjay Gupta Cell Verification Lead STI Design Center 6/27/2006
  • 2. Outline Background Cell Architecture Overview Verification Process Hierarchical Verification Verification Metrics 2
  • 3. Background Sony, Toshiba and IBM started the design process for a new high performance microprocessor in 2001 IBM’s custom server verification methodology was used as a base New Vendor Tool was introduced IBM Cycle sim was used as the simulator of choice Most of the other verification tools used were IBM internal tools Cell processor met it goals and delivered excellent levels of performance and power efficiency 256 GFlops (SP) @4GHz ~234M transistors ~235mm2 - 90nm SOI process 3
  • 4. Overview Multi-core and non-homogeneous architecture One control optimized core - PPE Management and Allocation of tasks for SPEs Eight compute optimized cores – SPEs High computational tasks XDR Memory Interface Custom IO Interface Three completely different asynchronous clocks Non-critical logic run with 2x clock 4
  • 5. Architecture SPU SPU … LS MFC LS MFC PPE SPE0 SPE7 Bus (EIB) Bus Interface Controller Memory Interface (BIC) Controller (MIC) To Southbridge Chip or To Main Memory to another Cell Chip 5
  • 7. Verification Planning Planning Theory : Top Down Specification/ Bottom up Implementation Plan out all environments needed to create a quality chip Break design into partition, island, unit, and block levels Define clear goals for each level Implement environments from block level up 7
  • 8. Verification Phases SYSTEM PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5 Phase1 CHIP PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5 Phase3 Phase4 Phase5 PARTITION PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5 Phase1 Phase2 Phase3 Phase4 ISLAND PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5 UNIT PH1 PH2 PH3 PH4 PH5 Time 8
  • 9. Statistics Multi-processor Cell, 4 SPE Cell correctness SPE, PPE Connectedness Interface assumption SPU validation BIC MFC MIC PU Processor element functionality validation EIB Unit/Island Environments Thorough coverage Found 95% of Bugs Functionality testing Partitions: 0.2% of Bugs 30 Simulation Full Chip: 3.5% of Bugs Environments Verification Environment Hierarchies 9
  • 10. Metrics The major metrics are Effective Passing Rate Includes testcase written as per plan, testcase running and testcase passing Effective Coverage Includes coverage implemented as per plan, coverage on line and coverage hit Checkers Includes % of checkers implemented and on line as per plan Reviews Includes % of the reviews conducted as per plan Bug Rate Includes logic as well as environment Sim Cycles 10
  • 11. Metrics – cont… These metrics are assigned weights which are different for different environments. Different Environments are also assigned weights as per the complexity, newness etc. Based on all these information, verification progress can be calculated which is mostly upward curve ( as apposed to something which keeps on going up and down all the time) 11