No reported side effects in recommended doses. Large doses may cause mild gastrointestinal issues in some individuals.

1. Presentation by:
Dr. Md. Anzar
Alam
Dept. of Moalajat
NIUM, Bangalore-91

2. A. Unani Concept
 Definition
 Mutradifat
 Mizaj
 Af‟al
 Mawaqe Istemal
 Muzir Wa Musleh
 Badal
 Meqdare Khorak
 Ashka‟le Advia
 Murakkabat

3.  Definition:
Tahlab is an Arabic word which means a greeny substance
float on surface of the water, commonly known as algae.
 Synonymous:
Greek- Oolisoon
Arabic- Tahlab,
Hazazul Maa,
Ghazalul Maa,
Kharuz Zafade,
Farsi- Jughraba, Pashme waza
Siryani- Tahalba
Hindi- Shaiwal, Kaayi
 Mizaj: Barid Ratab2

4.  In classical text, Tahlab classified as three
types:-
 Hazazul Maa-Coiled, seprate
 Ghazalul Maa-Filamentous, stellate
 Kharuz Zafade-Condensed

5.  Ra‟de (Repellant)
 Qabiz (Astringent)
 Musakkin (Analgesic)
 Mughalliz (Concentrative)
 Muhallil e- Auram (Anti-inflammatory)
 Habisuddam (Haemostatic)
 Mudammil (Cicatrizant)
 Jali (Detergent)
 Mubarrid (Refrigerant)

6.  Ziabetus Shakri
 Salabate Tehal
 Salabate Asab
 Niqris
 Wajaul Mafasil
 Surkhbada
 Indamale Qurooh

7.  Sailanuddam
 Safravi Ishal
 Qooba
 Fataqul Am‟a
 Qeel‟a
 Sud‟a
 Riqqate Mani

8.  Muzir:
Aza‟e Barida ke liye
 Musleh:
Tukhme Rihan (Oscimum sanctum)
 Badal:
Haiyul Aalam (Vincea rosea)
Tukhme Khurfa (Portulacca oleracea)
 Miqdare Khoorak:
5-7 Masha.
 Ashkal e- Advia:
Safoof
 Murakkabat:
NA

9.  Definition
 Classification
 Historical background
 Introduction
 Chemical Constituents
 Therapeutic Uses
 Clinical Studies
 Side effects
 Conclusion
 Thank You

10. “Eat to live but don't live to eat”.

11.  Spirulina (Algae) were the
first life form on earth.
 Often, when we are
searching for something
new, something with special
properties, we tend to
completely miss what is
right in front of us.
 “All diseases are curable but
not all patients because they
are very much impatient”.

12.  As living proof of Spirulina as a complete
food, an old Japanese philosopher was
claimed to have lived exclusively on Spirulina
for 15 years!
 The spirulina always was and still is the main
source of oxygen production.
 It is estimated that 70% of the total free
oxygen on our planet is produced by algae.

13.  Spirulina is a single cell a microscopic
filamentous aquatic cyanobacterium (Blue
Green Algae) or, spiral shaped, vegetable,
bacteria.
 The name spirulina comes from a Latin word
meaning tiny spiral.

14.  Phylum- Cyanobacteria
 Class- Cyanophyceae
 Order- Oscillatoriales
 Genus- Spirulina, Arthrospira
 Species- platensis
maxima
Note:-
There are several species of spirulina. The ones
most commonly used in medicinal/nutritional
supplements are Spirulina platensis and
Spirulina maxima.

15.  Spirulina, The Earth First Food
 An ancient super food for a modern world,
made from SUN, AIR, WATER & EARTH
(Anaseer-e-Arba) Since the Dawn of the time.
 It has a long history of use as food.
 There are reports that it was used as food in
Mexico during the Aztec civilization some
400 years ago.

16.  It is still being used as food by the Kanembu
tribe in the Lake Chad area of the Republic of
Chad where it is sold as dried bread called
“DIHE.”
 The first written records of the food source
go back to the year 1524.
 The first dried Spirulina product available was
in health food stores in the United States in
1979.

17. If you walk two steps towards
“
Nature, Nature would come
Four steps towards you”.

18.  Commercial algae are normally produced in large
outdoor ponds under controlled conditions.
 Current production of Spirulina worldwide is
estimated to be about 3,000 metric tons.

19.  Today, Spirulina is produced in over 22
countries including the US that has the
world‟s largest Spirulina farm Earthrise in
Irvine, California and is used in over 77
countries.
 Spirulina‟s safety as food has been
established through centuries of human use
and through numerous and
rigorous toxicological studies.

20.  Authenticity of by UNO in its World Food
Conference of 1974 declared Spirulina as
the “ Best Food-for tomorrow ”.
 WHO has hailed Spirulina “ the greatest super
food on earth ”.
 NASA declare1 kg of Spirulina nutritionally
equal to 1000 kgs of assorted vegetables and
the best food for Astronauts.

21. Food Type Crude Protein %
Spirulina powder 65-70
Whole Dried egg 47
Beer Yeast 45
Skimmed powdered milk 37
Whole soybean flour 36
Parmesan Cheese 36
Wheat germ 27
Peanuts 26
Chicken 24
Fish 22
Beef meat 22

22. Vitamins mg 100 g-1
Provitamin A 2.330.000 IU kg –1
(β-carotene) 140
Vitamin E 100 a-tocopherol equiv.
Thiamin B1 3.5
Riboflavin B2 4.0
Niacin B3 14.0
Vitamin B6 0.8
Vitamin B12 0.32
Folic acid 0.01
Biotin 0.005
Phantothenic acid 0.1
Vitamin K 2.2

23. Fatty acid Fatty acids (%)
Myristic acid 0.23
Palmitic acid 46.07
Palmitoleic acid 1.26
Oleic acid 5.26
Linoleic acid 17.43
Linolenic acid 8.87
Others 20.88

24. Mineral mg 100g-1
Calcium 700
Chromium 0.28
Copper 1.2
Iron 100
Magnesium 400
Manganese 5.0
Phosphorus 800
Potassium 1400
Sodium 900
Zinc 3.0

25. Pigments mg 100g-1
Carotenoids 370
Chlorophyll a 1000
Phycocyanin 14000

26.  Let your food be your medicine,
Hippocrates
 “Food is your Fate, Future, & Fortune”.
 Spirulina produced by the corporations in the US
meets the US Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) approval.
 The WHO estimates there are 178 million
children that are malnourished across the globe,
and at any given moment, 20 million suffering
from the most severe form.

27.  AARP Magazine, the world‟s highest
circulation magazine produced by the
American Association of Retired People rates
Spirulina as „No. 1 food that can add years to
your life.‟ Sep-Oct 2006 issue.
 If athletes consumes spirulina daily,they
could run up to 100 miles per day.
 Marathon runners
use this.

28.  Spirulina is an ideal medium for food fortification
to eradicate malnutrition because;
• Holistic Nutrition as a Food Supplement
• Cost Effective
• Easily assimilated in Human Body
• Safely administered to Children
• Environment Friend
• Easy to Transport
• Long Shelf Life
• Ideal Empowerment
Tool for Developing
Countries.

29. 1. Spirulina by countering and eradicating malnutrition plays a
significant role in the achievement of the United Nations Millennium
Development Goals.

30.  “Control the risk factors before they control
you”.
 Hippocrates said 'Nature itself is the best
physician'.
 Treatment with spirulina in diabetic patients
increased the hexokinase activity and decreased
the glucose-6-phosphatase activity.
 The activities of enzymes suggest that enhanced
lipid metabolism during diabetes is shifted
towards carbohydrate metabolism and it
enhances the utilization of glucose at peripheral
sites.

31.  It contain insulin(Razique and Anzar et al,2012).
 Spirulina, potentiate the pancreatic secretion of
insulin from islet β-cell or due to enhanced
transport of blood glucose to the peripheral
tissue.
 The antihyperglycemic effect of spirulina may be
due to the down-regulation of NADPH and NADH,
a cofactor in the fat metabolism.
 One of the possible actions of spirulina may be
due to its inhibition of endogenous synthesis of
lipids.

32.  Spirulina contains compounds like phycocyanin,
polysaccharides,and sulfolipids that enhance the
immune system.
 It have a major impact on the immune system by
increasing the:
 phagocytic activity of macrophages,
 stimulating the NK cells
 activate and mobilize the T and B cells
 inhibitory effect on the release of histamine from
mast cells.
 The immunostimulatory effects of spirulina on TNF-
α play a major role in precipitating autoimmune
diseases in genetically predisposed persons.

33.  Spirulina, have phycocyanobilin which inhibits
NADPH oxidase activity and promotes glutathione
synthesis along with a marked production of
antioxidant enzymes.
 Geriatric patients administered spirulina for 16
weeks showed a remarkable improvement in the
antioxidant potential,
 β-carotene is best known, an antioxidant rich.
 It provide functional preservation of the intestinal
epithelium which acts as a first line of mucosal
barrier against infections.

34.  The antioxidant and immune modulation
effect of Spirulina act as anticancer activity.
 A study at the Harvard University showed that
an extract from spirulina is highly successful
in the treatment of cancer.
 Phycotene, destruct the tumour cell/control
tumour cells and also arrest their growth.
 Mathew et al,(1995) who studied the effect of
Spirulina on oral leukoplakia (a precancerous
lesion) in pan tobacco chewers in Kerala (44
subjects).

35.  The apoprotein component of phycocyanin
was responsible for the inhibition of COX-2
in rheumatoid arthritis.
 Phycocyanin through its ability to efficiently
scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid
peroxidation.
 inflammation reduction in arthritis patients
due to the stimulation to secrete IL-2 which
regulates inflammatory response.

36.  Sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan
inhibit the replication of several viruses,
 Especially those with an envelope such as the
measles virus, and the HIV-1 virus etc.
 Chelating property of calcium in the inhibition
the replication of virus.
 Spirulina has been found to improve weight
gain and correct anaemia in both HIV-infected
and HIV-negative cases.

37.  Spirulina showed a significant reduction of the LDL
to HDL ratio after four months of supplementation.
 15 male voluteers taking 4.2 gm/day for 4 weeks
statically significant reduction in LDL cholesterol
(p<0.05).
 4 g/day spirulina taking in IHD patients,significantly
lowered blood cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL & VLDL
cholesterol and higher HDL.
 Spirulina also decrease blood pressure by promoting
vasodilation and restricting vasoconstriction.

38.  Effect of Spirulina supplementation in the
management of Bronchial Asthma (2001).
 Hypocholesterolemic effect of Spirulina on
obese women (April 2000).
 Effect of Spirulina as a Nutritional Supplement
on Malnourished Children (December 1999).
 Evaluation of Chemoprevention of Oral
Cancer with Spirulina (1995).

39.  Effect of Spirulina supplementation on
Vitamin A status during pregnancy (March
1995).
 Eeffect of Spirulina Supplementation on
Vitamin A status During Pregnancy and
Lactation (September 2001).
 Role of Beta-carotene in the management of
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (1994).
 Beta-carotene Therapy for Tropical
Pancreatitis (October 1991).

40.  Effect of supplementation of Spirulina on the
levels of blood glucose and lipid profile of
NIDDM (August 1991).
 Impact of Spirulina supplementation on
anaemic adolescent girls (14–16) years (May
2000).
 A study of haemoglobin levels in humans fed
on Spirulina supplement (June 1990).

41.  A Study on the synergistic Effect of Spirulina and
β -carotene on subjects with Rheumatoid
Arthritis (April 2002).
 Efficacy of Spirulina in a case of rheumatoid
arthritis (1992).
 Effect of Spirulina supplementation on
hypercholesterolemic patients (April 1994).
 Effect of Supplementaion of Spirulina on Diabetic
and Hyperlipidemic Patients (May 2000).
 A Study on the “Anti-stress activity of Spirulina
platensis” (Dec 2001).

42.  Hypoglycaemia
 Constipation
 Upset stomach,
 Nausea
 Gastric over acidity
 Hiccups, mild diarrhoea
 Feeling hungry