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پرونده ای در خصوص : تفاهم نامه تجارت آزاد آمریکای شمالی شکایت شرکت بین المللی غلات علیه ایالت متحده مکزیک و همینطور شرکت آرچر دنیلز میدلند و شرکت ترکیبات Tate & Lyle آمریکاس علیه مکزیک و درخواست ادغام رسیدگی از سوی دولت مکزیک . در 21 اکتبر 2003 ، شرکت بین المللی محصولات غلات ( CPI ) ، یک شرکت به ثبت رسیده در ایالت دلاور، تقاضایی را مبنی بر تشکیل داوری علیه ایالات متحده مکزیک به مرکز حل دعاوی مربوط به سرمایه گذاری ( ICSID ) تسلیم کرد . این اقامه دعوی بر اساس فصل 11 تفاهم نامه تجارت آزاد آمریکای شمالی ( NAFTA ) و به اتهام نقص مواد 1102 ، 1106 و 1110 تفاهم نامه NAFTA صورت می گرفت که به تحمیل مالیات غیر مستقیم بر نوشابه های غیر الکلی حاوی شربت ذرت با قند بالا ( فروکتوز بالا ) که از تاریخ 1 ژانویه 2002 به اجرا گذاشته شده بود شکایت داشت . در 4 آگوست سال 2004 ، شرکت آرچر دانیلیز میدلند و شرکت انحصاری ترکیبات Tate & Lyle آمریکاس ( ذیل عنوان ADM/Tate & Lyle یا سهام داران ALMEX ) دو شرکت الینویسی به ثبت رسیده در ایالت دلاور، تقاضای مشابهی را مبنی بر تشکیل داوری علیه مکزیک در خصوص همان فرایند مالیاتی به ICSID ارایه کردند . در 8 سپتامبر 2004 مکزیک پیرو ماده 1126 NAFTA در خواست تشکیل یک دیوان داوری ادغامی کرد و شرکت های طرف دعوا در این زمینه به تفاهم رسیدند اما تصریح شده بود که اگر ادغام صورت پذیرفت طرفین جهت استماع ادعا های مورد طرح در دادگاه ، ترکیب هیئت مورد نظرشان را با توافق خودشان تعیین کنند . و همینطور تصریح می کرد که همه جلسات دیوان باید بر اساس مقررات فوق العاده داوری ICSID و بر اساس آیین نامه
ای که در فصل 11 NAFTA توصیف شده بود، اداره شود . در 11 آوریل 2005 لایحه مکزیک در طرفداری از ادغام و لوایح مدعیان در مخالفت با آن توسط ICSID دریافت گردید . موضوع مورد بحث این بود که آیا باید کل ادعاهای مطرح شده بر اساس ماده 1120 NAFTA از سوی CPI و ADM و Tate & Lyle را باید در یک دادگاه ادغام کرد و یا اینکه باید بخشی از این موضوعات را در فرایند ادغام در نظر گرفت؟ به منظور دستور ادغام دادگاه باید به این نتیجه برسد که این ادعا ها در یک مسئله یا واقعه حقوقی وجه مشترک دارند . دادگاه با توجه به ادعاهای مطرح شده در داوری به این نتیجه می رسد که بر حسب ماده 1126 NAFTA مسائل دارای موارد مشترکی هستند . در مرحله بعد دادگاه باید ملاحظه کند که برای رسیدگی عادلانه باید دستور ادغام دهد یا اینکه از آن امتناع کند . دادگاه در اینجا به این نکته توجه می کند که طرف های موضوع مورد بحث یعنی CPI و سهامداران ALMEX رقبای هم هستند و مکزیک به این مورد اشاره نکرده بود . هر شرکت تاکید بر این داشت که جزئیاتی که در فرایند داوری یا هر جای دیگر عنوان می شد نباید در معرض اطلاع دیگران قرار گیرد . دادگاه به این نکته توجه دارد که رقابت موجود میان خواهان های پرونده : امکان حصول یک رویه ادغامی جهت ارایه ی مسائل مورد مناقشه از سوی ایشان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد . اتخاذ رویه ای مناسب برای حل و فصل دعاوی مربوط در این پرونده، اساسی به نظر می رسد و طرفهای مناقشه نباید مجبور به بررسی این موضوع شوند که کدام یک از اطلاعات ، شواهد، اسناد، ادله خود را می توانند با رقبای خود در میان بگذارند و کدامیک را نمی توانند به رقبای خود بروز دهند . در تحت چنین شرایطی روش ادغامی نمی تواند در راستای حل و فصل کارامد و عادلانه مسائل مطروحه مثمرثمر واقع گردد . دو دادگاه داوری جهت اداره دو پرونده جداگانه به گونه ای کارامد تر و عادلانه تر عمل می کند در حالیکه دادگاهی انفرادی با دو گروه از خواهان ها
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  • 14. پرونده ای در خصوص : تفاهم نامه تجارت آزاد آمریکای شمالی شکایت شرکت بین المللی غلات علیه ایالت متحده مکزیک و همینطور شرکت آرچر دنیلز میدلند و شرکت ترکیبات Tate & Lyle آمریکاس علیه مکزیک و درخواست ادغام رسیدگی از سوی دولت مکزیک . در 21 اکتبر 2003 ، شرکت بین المللی محصولات غلات ( CPI ) ، یک شرکت به ثبت رسیده در ایالت دلاور، تقاضایی را مبنی بر تشکیل داوری علیه ایالات متحده مکزیک به مرکز حل دعاوی مربوط به سرمایه گذاری ( ICSID ) تسلیم کرد . این اقامه دعوی بر اساس فصل 11 تفاهم نامه تجارت آزاد آمریکای شمالی ( NAFTA ) و به اتهام نقص مواد 1102 ، 1106 و 1110 تفاهم نامه NAFTA صورت می گرفت که به تحمیل مالیات غیر مستقیم بر نوشابه های غیر الکلی حاوی شربت ذرت با قند بالا ( فروکتوز بالا ) که از تاریخ 1 ژانویه 2002 به اجرا گذاشته شده بود شکایت داشت . در 4 آگوست سال 2004 ، شرکت آرچر دانیلیز میدلند و شرکت انحصاری ترکیبات Tate & Lyle آمریکاس ( ذیل عنوان ADM/Tate & Lyle یا سهام داران ALMEX ) دو شرکت الینویسی به ثبت رسیده در ایالت دلاور، تقاضای مشابهی را مبنی بر تشکیل داوری علیه مکزیک در خصوص همان فرایند مالیاتی به ICSID ارایه کردند . در 8 سپتامبر 2004 مکزیک پیرو ماده 1126 NAFTA در خواست تشکیل یک دیوان داوری ادغامی کرد و شرکت های طرف دعوا در این زمینه به تفاهم رسیدند اما تصریح شده بود که اگر ادغام صورت پذیرفت طرفین جهت استماع ادعا های مورد طرح در دادگاه ، ترکیب هیئت مورد نظرشان را با توافق خودشان تعیین کنند . و همینطور تصریح می کرد که همه جلسات دیوان باید بر اساس مقررات فوق العاده داوری ICSID و بر اساس آیین نامه
  • 15. ای که در فصل 11 NAFTA توصیف شده بود، اداره شود . در 11 آوریل 2005 لایحه مکزیک در طرفداری از ادغام و لوایح مدعیان در مخالفت با آن توسط ICSID دریافت گردید . موضوع مورد بحث این بود که آیا باید کل ادعاهای مطرح شده بر اساس ماده 1120 NAFTA از سوی CPI و ADM و Tate & Lyle را باید در یک دادگاه ادغام کرد و یا اینکه باید بخشی از این موضوعات را در فرایند ادغام در نظر گرفت؟ به منظور دستور ادغام دادگاه باید به این نتیجه برسد که این ادعا ها در یک مسئله یا واقعه حقوقی وجه مشترک دارند . دادگاه با توجه به ادعاهای مطرح شده در داوری به این نتیجه می رسد که بر حسب ماده 1126 NAFTA مسائل دارای موارد مشترکی هستند . در مرحله بعد دادگاه باید ملاحظه کند که برای رسیدگی عادلانه باید دستور ادغام دهد یا اینکه از آن امتناع کند . دادگاه در اینجا به این نکته توجه می کند که طرف های موضوع مورد بحث یعنی CPI و سهامداران ALMEX رقبای هم هستند و مکزیک به این مورد اشاره نکرده بود . هر شرکت تاکید بر این داشت که جزئیاتی که در فرایند داوری یا هر جای دیگر عنوان می شد نباید در معرض اطلاع دیگران قرار گیرد . دادگاه به این نکته توجه دارد که رقابت موجود میان خواهان های پرونده : امکان حصول یک رویه ادغامی جهت ارایه ی مسائل مورد مناقشه از سوی ایشان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد . اتخاذ رویه ای مناسب برای حل و فصل دعاوی مربوط در این پرونده، اساسی به نظر می رسد و طرفهای مناقشه نباید مجبور به بررسی این موضوع شوند که کدام یک از اطلاعات ، شواهد، اسناد، ادله خود را می توانند با رقبای خود در میان بگذارند و کدامیک را نمی توانند به رقبای خود بروز دهند . در تحت چنین شرایطی روش ادغامی نمی تواند در راستای حل و فصل کارامد و عادلانه مسائل مطروحه مثمرثمر واقع گردد . دو دادگاه داوری جهت اداره دو پرونده جداگانه به گونه ای کارامد تر و عادلانه تر عمل می کند در حالیکه دادگاهی انفرادی با دو گروه از خواهان ها
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