This seminar provides an ‘overview’ of Building Commissioning including Why, When, the Benefits, Costs, LEED “Commissioning Related” Credits, LEED Commissioning specific Credits (Fundamental and Enhanced Commissioning), and Measurement & Verification. This is the process for ‘Sustainability Verification’ of Systems & their Performance.
1. USGBC South Carolina Chapter
Annual Conference
SustainSC 2013
Myrtle Beach, SC April 26th, 2013
Building Commissioning
Sustainability Verification
LEED Specific (LS) (BD+C, ID+C, O+M, Homes)
GBCI CE
AIA CEU (HSW+SD)
Steve Krupka, CxA, CPD, LEED-AP
CxA Commissioning Authority
www.CxA-CxA.com
2. Speaker
Steve Krupka, CxA, CPD, LEED AP
CxA Commissioning Authority
www.CxA-CxA.com
Steve is a Principal with CxA Commissioning Authority.
He provides building commissioning and sustainability services.
He has an Architectural and Construction Management education, with 31 years experience in the
AEC industry primarily employed with top 50 AE and EC firms. His experience includes
Architectural and Engineering Design, Design-Build Project Management, Construction Quality
Control Management, Inspection, Engineering Technical Direction, Facility Assessment, and
Building Commissioning.
His project experience includes most all markets and complexities from Residential to Data
Centers, Hospitals, Aquatic Museums, and Manufacturing. His vast and diversified experience
provides insight from the perspective of the Designer, Contractor, Inspector, Commissioning
Agent, and Owner‟s Representative.
3. US Green Building Council (USGBC) Approved Course as
“LEED Specific” for the following LEED Accreditation Specialties
LEED BD+C LEED ID+C LEED O+M LEED Homes
LEED Specific (LS): 1
Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) Approved Course
for the following Continuing Education Credits (CEU)
GBCI Continuing Education (GBC CE): 1
American Institute of Architects Approved Course
for the following Continuing Education Units (CEU)
AIA Continuing Education Units - HSW+SD (AIA CEU): 1
Building Commissioning is proven systematic process that provides documented confirmation,
measurement, and verification that the building systems are of design, quality, construction and function in
compliance with the Owner identified operational and sustainability needs. This seminar provides an
„overview‟ of Building Commissioning including Why, When, the Benefits, Costs, LEED “Commissioning
related” Credits, LEED Commissioning specific Credits (Fundamental and Enhanced Commissioning), and
Measurement & Verification. This is the process for „Sustainability Verification‟ of your LEED projects.
Building Commissioning
Sustainability Verification
4. LEED Project Experience
Participation in 20 Plus LEED Certified projects, including Silver, Gold and Platinum.
Bank America Center – South LaSalle St, Chicago (1.2M sq ft) - EB 2.0 Silver
1775 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington DC – CS 2.0 Silver
Bank America Corp, One Main Place, Dallas TX (32 floors and infrastructure Reno) – CI 2.0 Silver
Bank America Corp Center, North Tyron St, Charlotte NC (1.1M sq ft) – EB 2008 Silver
Center for the Intrepid, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio TX - (65k sq
ft, $50M) First-Of-Kind Rehabilitation Center for Returning Wounded Soldiers from
Iraq/Afghanistan
GSA Headquarters 1800 F Street, Washington DC (900k sq ft) – EB & NC Gold
Howard Hughes Headquarters Expansion, Bethesda MD - NC & EB
Thames Street Wharf, Morgan Stanley Corp, Baltimore MD – CS & CI
US Department of Agriculture Headquarters Modernization 4A, Washington DC – EB & CI Silver
UBS Bluestone Data Center, CT – NC
Bank of America Corp, 730 15th Street NW, Replacement Fire Alarm Systems – EB
Goldman Sachs, Data Center, Carter NJ – NC
Arthur W. Christopher Community Center, Charleston SC – NC Gold
Virtua Voorhees Acute Care Center, Voorhees NJ – NC & CI
Walter Reed Naval Military Medical Center, Reno – EB
Walter Reed Naval Military Medical Center, Wounded Soldiers B17 & 31 – NC
Walter Reed Naval Military Medical Center, Main Operating Rooms (14) - EB
and others . . .
Speaker
Steve Krupka, CxA, CPD, LEED AP
CxA Commissioning Authority
5. Duke Energy Center (Wachovia/Wells Fargo), Charlotte NC
CS 2.0 Platinum
(first & tallest Office Tower, 1.5M sq ft, $1 Billion+. Also first to “require” all tenants pursue LEED CI)
Includes a 48 story office tower, plus a 9 story podium building to house up to 2500 traders(4-stories), central
mechanical plant (2-stories) and 24,000 SF Tier IV Data Center (two stories plus).
Total fit-out area more than 825,000 SF. Future occupancy of 4,500 employees.
Annual Savings: 5M kWh, 30M Gallons of Water, and 46% Reduction in Domestic via RR
Mechanical Overview
5300 ton chiller plant (2N)
40,000 gallon chilled water storage
Two 15,000 gallon fuel oil storage & one 10,000 gallon receiving tank provides 48 hour back up
Full compartmentalization of chiller plant, including HVAC equipment and piping, fuel storage, fully redundant critical systems BMS and fuel oil risers
CFD analysis
Underfloor air distribution for trading floors
Electrical Overview
Dual Duke Power 25KV utility services feeds (2N)
Main 12.47KV distribution to multiple double-ended substations
Seven 2.25 MW-12.47 KVA generators to support data center and trading
Dual generator paralleling switch gear (A&B) in separate compartments
Twelve 750 KVA UPS modules configured as four separate parallel redundant systems (2N)
Electrical Power Monitoring System
Fire Protection Overview
Pre-Action system for Data Center, Demarc Rooms and Electrical equipment rooms
FM-200 systems for data center and demarc rooms
Air Sampling Smoke Detection (ASSD) in Data Center
Plumbing Overview
Waterless Urinals
Rainwater Harvesting
340,000 gallon cooling tower make-up water storage provides 48-hour back up
80,000 gallon domestic water storage provides 48-hour back
6. Building Commissioning is proven systematic “process” that
provides documented confirmation, measurement, and
verification that the building systems are of design, quality,
construction and function in compliance with the Owner
identified operational and sustainability needs (OPR).
The “Process” is performed under a formal detailed Cx Plan.
The Plan is a LIVE document maintained throughout the
“Process” and the final deliverable product is a completed
binder(s) or eDoc containing all the Commissioning
Documents. Communication and organization of the Team
and Process are a major contributing factor toward
successful Commissioning.
This seminar provides an „overview‟ of Building Commissioning including Why, When, the Benefits, Costs,
LEED “Commissioning Related” Credits, LEED Commissioning specific Credits (Fundamental and
Enhanced Commissioning), and Measurement & Verification. This is the process for „Sustainability
Verification‟ of Systems & their Performance.
What is Commissioning ?
7. ASHRAE Guideline 0: “A quality focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project.
The process focuses upon verifying and documenting that the facility and all of its systems
and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet
the Owner's Project Requirements.”
BCxA: “A quality focused process for enhancing the delivery of a project. The process
focuses upon verifying and documenting that the facility and all of its systems and
assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the
Owner's Project Requirements.”
A planned and integrated systematic
process to ensure, through
documented verification, that all
Building Systems perform
interactively according to the
Owner's Project Requirements.
What is Commissioning ?
NIBS: the systematic
process of ensuring that
performance of the
facility and its systems
meet the functional and
operational needs of the
owner and occupants.
ISPE: well planned,
documented, & managed
eng'ing approach to start-up
& turnover of facilities,
systems, & equip. to End-
User that results in a safe &
functional env. that meets
estab'ed design req's &
stakeholder expectations.
USDOE: a systematic
process of ensuring that
all building systems
perform interactively
according to the design
intent and the owner’s
operational needs.
COMMISSIONING
DEFINITIONS
ASHRAE: a quality-
oriented process for
achieving, verifying, and
documenting that the
performance of facility
systems and assemblies
meet defined objectives
and criteria.
8. EAp1 (required) - Fundamental Commissioning
EAc3 (up to 2 points) - Enhanced Commissioning
EApc65 (1 point) – Monitoring Based Commissioning
LEED Primary Subject
Area
Energy & Atmosphere (EA)
9. In addition to the following performed by the Commissioning Agent, the Commissioning Agent also provides review and verification of many other Credits (i.e. lighting
control, day-lighting, building controls, IAQ, water conservation, etc.). The following are specifically the primary responsibility of the Commissioning Agent.
NC CI CS Healthcare
Commissioning:
EAp1 – Required – Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems
EAc3 – Up to 2 Points – Enhanced Commissioning
EApc65 – 1 Point – Monitoring Based Commissioning
Verification:
EAc5 – Up to 3 Points – Measurement and Verification
EQp2 – Required – Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control (smoking rooms)
EQc7.2 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Verification
EB
Commissioning:
EAp1 – Required – Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices – Planning, Documentation and Opportunity Assessment
EAc2.1 – Up to 2 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – Investigation and Analysis
EAc2.2 – Up to 2 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – Implementation
EAc2.3 – Up to 2 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – Ongoing Commissioning
Verification
EAc2 – Up to 5 Points – Measurement and Verification
EQp2 – Required – Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control (smoking rooms)
EQc7.2 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Ventilation
Schools-NC
Commissioning:
EAp1 – Required – Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems
EAc3 – Up to 2 Points – Enhanced Commissioning
EApc65 – 1 Point – Monitoring Based Commissioning
Verification:
EAc5 – Up to 3 Points – Measurement and Verification
EQc7.2 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Verification
Commissioning Related LEED Credits per
Rating System: BD+C, ID+C, O&M, Healthcare
10. Schools-EB v4 Draft
Commissioning:
EAp1 – Required – Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices (Planning, Documentation and Opportunity
Assessment)
EAc2.1 – 2 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – (Investigation and) Analysis
EAc2.2 – 2 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – Implementation
EAc2.3 – 3 Points – Existing Building Commissioning – Ongoing Commissioning
Verification
EQp2 – Required – Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control (smoking rooms)
EQc3 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Ventilation
Retail-NC
Commissioning
EAp1 – Required – Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems
EAc3 – Up to 2 Points – Enhanced Commissioning
EApc65 – 1 Point – Monitoring Based Commissioning
Verification:
EAc5 – Up to 3 Points – Measurement and Verification
EQp2 – Required – Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control (smoking rooms)
EQc7.2 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Employee Verification
Healthcare
Commissioning:
EAp1 – Required – Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems
EAc3 – Up to 2 Points – Enhanced Commissioning
EApc65 – 1 Point – Monitoring Based Commissioning
Verification:
WEc2 – Up to 2 Points – Water Use Reduction – Measurement and Verification
EAc5 – Up to 2 Points – Measurement and Verification
EQc7 – 1 Point – Thermal Comfort – Design and Verification
11. When to Implement Commissioning ?
Commissioning is most successful when
implemented in the Planning Phase. Include the
CxA (Owner’s Facility Maintenance and Design
Engineers) in development of the Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR). This facilitates a complete
and proper OPR.
The CxA should also review the Design Engineer’s
Scope of Work for appropriate inclusion of
commissioning process related scope for the
Design, Construction, and Warranty Phases.
It is never too late to implement commissioning, but the
continuity and conformity amongst the Team is subject to
clear scope and responsibilities for the entire Team.
12. Value of Commissioning
•Reduce energy and water waste.
•Reduce CO2 and improve IAQ.
•Adds Value to the building by optimizing comfort, performance, and
operation.
•Promotes Healthy working environment that promotes productivity.
•Reduces operating costs.
•Improves employee/occupant comfort.
•Reduces operation and comfort complaints of occupants.
•Increased Rents
•Tenant Retention
•Increase market value of the building.
•Improves Operating Life of equipment.
•Capital Cost Avoidance
•Facility Maintainability.
•Reliability of the Facility.
•Reliability of the Facility O&M Personnel Training and
Documentation.
•Overall Quality of the Completed Initiative.
Verifies the required, specified, submitted, contracted, and stated
13. Benefits of Commissioning
In the 70’s and 80’s you had years to design and construct a project.
The objective was to not have any Addendums or Change Orders.
Due to the fast-tracking of design and construction, the high
complexity of building systems, inter-operabilities, controls and
energy management, Addendums have been commonplace
(unfortunately). Each Subcontractor is responsible and test his own
part of the work. Who’s verifying they have, and verifying the
systems as a whole and the integration of the systems. Well, that
would be the Commissioning Agent.
The Commissioning Process intends to provide a Catch-All for “issues”
during the Design, Submittal, and Construction Phases, before the
they are constructed or become BIG ISSUES.
14. Benefits of Commissioning
Imaging the indirect savings due to reduction in Warranty Call-Backs,
Complaint time, Occupant Time, etc.
The energy savings we can identify with all the systems working
properly, operating schedule operating properly, and similar.
Lawrence Berkley Laboratories performed a study of 20,000 (approx)
buildings built since 1975 comparing buildings that Were
Commissioning against those that Were Not.
This study identified the Non-Energy Benefit cost savings due to lost
time for calls and call backs came to an average of about 17
cents/SqFt/Year.
It also identified that a building that is NOT Commissioned will cost
about 8-20% more in energy cost to operate.
15. Benefits of Commissioning
•Design Reviews: Savings are realized by reducing Change Orders
by review for compliance with OPR, BOD, completeness of Scope,
constructability, serviceability and communication of trade
documents.
•Bid Reviews (NOT LEED Req’d): Appropriate “Inclusion” of
Commissioning Process.
•Submittal Reviews: Another set of eyes for review of compliance
with OPR, BOD, and systems inter-relationships.
•Construction Installation Observation: Another set of eyes
while the systems are accessible for observation.
•Performance Verification: Functional Performance and
Operations, fine-tuning, debugging, conflicts, faulty
devices/equipment, Control Programming and Interfacing.
Verification for operation, energy, comfort, and operational costs.
16. Benefits of Commissioning
•TAB Verification (NOT LEED Req’d): (Test, Adjust, and Balance)
Field Verification (spot checks, % samplings, full-verification) verifies
operation settings for systems, and those receiving work, repairs,
adjustment, or modification subsequent to Functional Testing.
•Warranty Review: The identified “Issues”, newly realized “issues”
of occupied operations, and modifications can be addressed, resolved,
and fixes implemented prior to expiration of Warranties.
•O&M Manual (Systems Manual) Review: for completeness of
content.
•Systems Operations & Maintenance Manual (SOMM) (NOT
LEED Req’d): Detailed O&M that typically includes parts systems,
parts lists, spares lists, complete performance, service, and
maintenance instruction for the systems “As Installed and Configured”
(not per piece of equipment/device), every operating sequence,
mode, failure, recovery, and restart method and expected result,
service and warranty contact info, and more…
17. Selecting a Commissioning Agent
Selecting a CxA it is important to select a CxA with Technical
expertise in “Commissioning” who also has technical experience in
design.
The CxA develops Design and Installation CheckLists, and the
Functional Performance Test Procedures utilized to verify compliance
with the OPR, BOD, and Construction Documents. The thorough and
detailed continuous review, data collection, and coordination effort
led by the CxA provides insight of the all-inclusive performance and
operation of the systems provided by no single other Team member
or Trade.
The CxA’s scope and effort is concentrated on the performance,
quality, and maintainability of the systems from start-to-finish.
An “Independent Third-Party Commissioning Agent” under direct
contract to the Owner is the preferred contractual arrangement.
This brings objectivity and practical experience to the project to
provide a consistent level of assurance that the Owner’s best
interests will be served.
18. Selecting a Commissioning Agent
Although Contractors may have the knowledge and capability to test the
equipment they install, they may not be skilled at testing or diagnosing
integration problems. It is difficult for Contractors to objectively test and assess
their own work, especially since repairing deficiencies found through
commissioning may increase their costs.
Although Design Engineer‟s may have the knowledge to perform as the
Commissioning Agent, they may have difficulty in performing proper testing, as
most are not exclusively dedicated to Commissioning.
The CxA needn't be a design engineer, GC, MEP, Controls, or TAB contractor.
The CxA should be experienced in design, inspection, testing, and experience in
leading and performing the Commissioning process and it‟s responsibilities
(learned experience).
LEED Fundamental Commissioning permits the CxA to be a member of the Design
Firm, Contractor Firm, or Owner.
LEED Enhanced Commissioning requires an “Independent Third-Party
Commissioning Agent” not employed by, or subsidiary to, the Design Team
Firm(s) or Contractor(s).
19. Selecting a Commissioning Agent
The Commissioning Agents verifies whether or not the Contractor‟s
documentation and systems met the Specification requirements.
The Commissioning Agent identifies any perceived deficiency, or
necessary Design improvement or change.
The Commissioning Agent produces verification tests and reports that
directs the actions of Contractors for testing purposes only by
reference to the Design Engineer‟s design documents.
The verification tests are repeated from the content of the Design
Documents and Approved Submittals, developed in the format of a
Test Procedure to demonstrate the required performance and produce
the expected result.
Commissioning reports may recommend corrective actions to be
implemented by the Contractor or the Design.
20. Benefits of Commissioning
While developing the Checks and Test is when most problems, issues,
and discrepancies are found.
Secondly is when they are tested, and we find many holes that were
incomplete, not verified, not connected, not programmed, etc. by the
Contractors as there are many hands bringing the building together.
These are to be expected to an extent, but often the CxA is brought in
to Test Phases to obtain partial occupancy while contractors are still
piecing the puzzle and yet to thoroughly complete their own testing
(which should be specified clearly). This is typical due to delivery
schedules, lease schedules, and substantial completions.
The Value that the CxA brings to the table is tremendous!
The CxA is facilitating the team and managing the Cx Process to help
the construction process to go as smoothly as possible.
21. Behind the Scenes
50% of the Cx Agent’s effort is performed behind the scenes
reviewing, verifying, documenting, collecting data and detail, building
and re-verifying the CheckLists and Test Procedures with every
change order and submittal, updating and maintaining the Cx Plan,
building the Final Cx Report and Systems Manuals, and coordinating
with the Team.
The consolidated product delivered by the CxA at the project
completion reveals only the final data.
Commissioning Agents utilizing Cloud or Web based systems, or
documents accessible via the Web are the current trend to keep
document management, data, status, and issues accessible to the
Team.
Cooperation with the SubContractors (MEP, Controls, TAB) and
Vendors and a thorough and complete Scope of Work for Contractors
inclusive of Commissioning efforts and responsibilities is of utmost
importance.
22. When to Implement Commissioning ?
Commissioning is most successful when
implemented in the Planning Phase. Include the
CxA (Owner’s Facility Maintenance and Design
Engineers) in development of the Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR). This facilitates a complete
and proper OPR.
The CxA should also review the Design Engineer’s
Scope of Work for appropriate inclusion of
commissioning process related scope for the
Design, Construction, and Warranty Phases.
23. When to Implement Commissioning ?
It is important to involve the Commissioning
Authority as early in the project as possible. This
allows the Authority opportunity to review the
design intent (OPR) and BOD for the project, and
verify implementation. Additionally to begin
scheduling Commissioning activities, and begin
writing specifications into Bid Documents for
Contractors.
It is never too late to implement commissioning, but the continuity
and conformity amongst the Team is subject to clear scope and
responsibilities.
24. LEED v3 2009
EAp1
Fundamental Commissioning
Develop and Maintain a Commissioning Plan
Functional Performance Testing of Equipment & Systems
Commissioning Documentation
EAc3
Enhanced Commissioning
CxA is required to be an Independent-Third Party
Peer Review of Design and Submittals
Systems Operation Manual
8-10 Month Warranty/Occupancy Commissioning Review
25. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Sustainability Verification
Engage a Commissioning Team that
does NOT include individuals Directly
responsible for Project Design or
Construction Management.
(individuals employed by those firms
is permitted).
26. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Implement, or have a Contract in
place to implement, the following
Fundamental best practice
Commissioning Procedures.
27. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Engage a Commissioning Team
that does NOT include
individuals Directly responsible for
Project Design or Construction
Management.
(individuals employed by those firms
is permitted).
28. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Review the Design Intent and the
Basis of Design documentation.
The Owner’s Project Requirements
(OPR)
Design Engineer’s – Basis of Design
(BOD)
29. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Incorporate Commissioning
requirements into the
Construction Documents.
Commissioning Specification Section(s),
Commissioning Specification Sections for
each Division, Commissioning specific
requirements within appropriate Division
Sections. Additionally includes equipment
performance schedules, controls, and
sequences of operations.
30. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Develop and utilize a
Commissioning Plan.
A live document identifying the
Commissioning Process Detail,
Cx Team, communication, milestones,
deliverables, commissioned equipment &
systems, roles and responsibilities, checks
and tests to be performed, issues, and
similar.
31. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Verify installation, functional
performance, training, and
operation and maintenance
documentation.
Field installation observation verification,
Perform functional performance testing,
Verify O&M (and Occupant) Training
completed (as specified),
Verify Contractor provided O&M Manuals
provided, organized, and complete (as
specified)
32. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Complete a Commissioning
Report.
Content of the Report is identified in the
LEED Reference Guide.
33. FUNDAMENTAL Cx
Verify installation, functional
performance, training, and
operation and maintenance
documentation.
Field installation observation verification,
Perform functional performance testing,
Verify O&M (and Occupant) Training
completed (as specified),
Verify Contractor provided O&M Manuals
provided, organized, and complete (as
specified)
34. ENHANCED Cx
In Addition to the Fundamental
Commissioning prerequisite (EAp1),
Implement, or have a contract in place to
implement, the following additional
commissioning process activities.
35. ENHANCED Cx
Designate an individual as the
Commissioning Authority, independent of
the firms represented on the Design and
Construction Team, to lead the
Commissioning Design Review activities
prior to the end of Design Development.
May be Subcontractor to the A/E.
May be Construction Manager Not holding Constructor
Contracts (not GC).
Independent Consultant contracted to Owner.
Owner Employee or Staff.
36. ENHANCED Cx
Conduct a Review of the Project Energy
related systems Contractor Submittals.
Review Energy related Submittals.
37. ENHANCED Cx
Develop a single Manual that contains
the information required for Re-
Commissioning the Energy related
systems.
Re-Commissioning Manual. Includes Test Scripts of
the FPT’s, equipment and systems list, etc. Content
identified in the LEED Reference Guides.
38. ENHANCED Cx
Verify that the requirements for Training
Operating Personnel and Occupants are
Completed. Have a contract in place to
Review operation with O&M Staff and
Occupants including a Plan for resolution
of Outstanding Commissioning related
“issues” 8-10 months after Final
Acceptance.
Verity Training Completed.
8-10 Mo Operation Review with O&M and Occupants
Plan for Resolution of Outsanding Items and Issues.
39. Existing Building Cx
Re-Commissioning:
Commissioning of previously commissioned facilities (or
systems)
Retro-Commissioning:
Commissioning of facilities or systems that have not
previously been commissioned.
Continuous Commissioning:
Monitoring (real-time), Trending, Data Logging of area,
system, and equipment conditions, operations, status,
sensors, setpoints, resets, control, energy and water usage,
and similar to identify issues and opportunities for
optimization of the systems.
40. Existing Building Cx
Re-Commissioning &
Retro-Commissioning:
5 % to 10 % Excess Operating Expense Savings
from
Re-Commissioning or Retro-Commissioning
$15k/year in Incremental Operating Expenses
5% Excess duct leakage for an average facility with 12 AHUs and 200k cfm.
$100,000 in Capital Savings, and $6,000/year Energy Savings
for a 10% performance reduction on a 250-Ton AHU system,
at approximate $4,000/Ton installation cost,
due to extended run times.
Utilities = 20% of total building operating cost.
A 10% reduction on a 100,000sf building = approximately $20,000/yr
41. Measurement & Verification
(M&V)
Is the field measurement and verification of
installed operating facility and system
performance
in comparison to
the Design Engineer‟s identified energy
model and basis of design benchmarks.
(energy, water, CO2, IAQ, comfort, etc.)
42. $ Project Cost of Commissioning $
An Initial Budget Setting “Rule-of-Thumb” is
• 2 to 3 % of Mechanical Construction Cost
PLUS
• 1 to 2 % of Electrical Construction Cost
Varies based on:
• Scale of the Project
• Commissioning Scope (variables and extras)
• Complexity of Systems
• Quantity of Equipment and Systems to be Commissioned.
This rule includes Design, Construction, Commissioning and
Owner Team participation and costs.