1. UNIT 4
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
By Yulia

2. INDEX
• HUMAN REPRODUCTION
• REPRODUTION
• The reproductive cells
• The reproductive system
• The male reproductive system
• The female reproductive system
• Fertilisation
• Pregnancy
• Labour

3. Reproduction
• Primary sexual characteristics
The reproductive systems
• Secondary sexual characteristics:
-girls develop breasts and their hips get wider
-Boys get deeper voices

4. REPRODUCTIVE CELL
Sperm are the male reproductive cell.
They are smalls. They have a head and a long
tail called flagellum. They are produced in
large numbers from the time of puberty.
 ova are the female reproductive cell.
They do not move .From puberty, an ovum
matures every month.

5. THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The reproductive system is made up of these
organs:
• The ovaries produce ova
• The utherus is where the baby develops
• The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the
uterus
• The vagina connects the uterus to the outside of
the body.
• The vulva is the external part of the female
reproductive system.

6. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system is made up of
these organs.
• The testicles are outside the body. They produce
sperm. They are covered by a bag of skin called the
scrotum.
• The vas deferens take sperm from the testicles to the
urethra.
• The urethra takes sperm outside the body.
• The seminal vesicles and prostate produce seminal
fluide and send it to the urethra.
• The penis is outside the male reproductive system.

7. FERTILISATION
Fertilisation occurs when an ovum and a sperm
join inside the fallopian tubes

8. PREGNANCY
• The placenta takes nutrients and oxygen from the
mother’s blood to the embryo.
• The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the
placenta.
• The amniotic sac protects the embryo.
The baby develope step by step.
• After 3 months: the embryo has all its organs. It
becomes a foetus.
• After 5 months: the baby’s body develops and it
starts moving and the mother feels it.
• After 9 months: the baby is ready to be born and
it weighs around 3 kg

9. LABOUR
The process of giving birth is called labour. Labour
takes place in three phases:
• Dilation rhythmic contractions make the opening
of the vagina and vulva big enogh for the baby to
come out.
• Expulsion: the baby is born and the doctor cuts
the umbilical cord.
• Aftherbirth: the placenta comes out of the
mother’s body.