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110922, r calf usa presentation on animal health and id
1. Debilitating Effects of Recently Weakened U.S. Livestock
Disease Protections and USDA’s New Animal ID Scheme: A
Solution in Search of a Problem
Presented to
South Dakota Stockgrowers Association Members
by
Bill Bullard, CEO, R-CALF USA
September 22, 2011
1
2. The United States Is the
Largest Beef Producer and
Largest Beef Consumer in the
World
Our Reputation of Producing the Healthiest Cattle and
the Safest, Most Wholesome Beef Is Contingent on
Maintaining the Highest Possible Health and Safety
Standards, But . . .
2
3. The United States Has Weaker
BSE Import Requirements for
Beef than Most Major Beef
Importing Countries
3
4. 2011 BSE Requirements Imposed by Major U.S.
Export Markets
Source: USDA-FSIS Index of Export Requirements for Meat and Poultry Products
Country & Import Age Restriction Commodity Restrictions
Rank
Mexico Less than 30 months No ground meat.
#1
Japan 20 months or younger No ground beef, processed beef, head meat, finely textured beef, or mechanically
#3 separated meat.
South Korea Less than 30 months Cattle must be born and raised in the United States, or imported from a country
#4 deemed eligible by the Korean government to export beef or beef products to
Korea, or raised in the United States for at least 100 days.
Hong Kong Less than 30 months No ground beef, bone-in beef, edible offal, or beef derived from advanced meat
#5 recovery systems.
Taiwan Less than 30 months No ground beef or internal organs. Cattle must be born and raised in the United
#6 States, raised in the United States for at least 100 days prior to slaughter, or
legally imported into the United States from a country deemed eligible by Taiwan
to export deboned beef to Taiwan. Beef or beef products of cattle from Canada
fed less than 100 days prior to slaughter in the United States is limited to deboned
beef derived from animals less than 30 months of age.
Vietnam Under 30 months
#7
Russia Under 30 months The beef and beef byproducts must be derived from cattle raised in the United
#9 States. Ground red meat, packaged in bulk form or in the form of meat patties, is
prohibited.
United Arab Under 30 months Ritual: Islamic Halal Slaughter requirements apply.
Emirates
Singapore Under 30 months Only Fresh/frozen boneless beef derived from animals less than 30 months of age
is eligible. Beef derived from cattle imported from Canada is not eligible.
R-CALF USA
4
5. Numerous Countries that Accept U.S.
Beef Continue to Ban Canadian Beef
U.S. EXPORT MARKETS CLOSED TO CANADIAN BEEF
26 countries continue to ban Canadian beef due to BSE. The following 10 countries accept U.S.
beef; but, according to information provided by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, do not
allow Canadian beef:
Chile
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
South Korea
Kuwait
Malaysia
Peru
Saint Lucia
Ukraine
Sources: USDA, FSIS, Index of Export Requirements for Meat and Poultry Products,
undated, (accessed September 16, 2011).
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Summary of the Situation with Foreign
Markets relative to BSE as of November 5, 2009 (latest available information),
available at
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/meavia/man/ch11/annexre.shtml,
accessed September 16, 2011.
5
6. The United States Has Weaker
Disease Import Standards for
Cattle than Many, If Not Most,
Cattle Importing Countries
6
7. BSE Age Restrictions
COUNTRIES WITH STRICTER THAN U.S. AGE REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTING
CANADIAN CATTLE
COUNTRY AGE RESTRICTIONS ON CANADIAN CATTLE
Algeria Cattle must be less than 36 months of age
Barbados Cattle must be born after Dec. 31, 2003
Egypt Slaughter cattle must be less than 24 months of age
European Union Cattle must be born after date of last indigenous BSE case
Lebanon Cattle must be under 30 months of age
Republic of Croatia Cattle must be born after date of last indigenous BSE case
South Korea Cattle must be born two years after effective enforcement
of feed ban
Switzerland Cattle must be born after date of last indigenous BSE case
Tunisia Cattle must be born after July 1, 2001
Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency Export Program, Veterinary Health Certificates,
Bovine, available at
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/export/bovine/bovine.shtml
7
8. In Return for Having Among the Weakest
of Disease Import Standards, the U.S.
Cattle Industry Is:
• Subject to a Scientifically Determined, Increased
Risk of Introducing BSE into the U.S. Cattle
Herd, which Presents a Hazard to both Livestock
and Humans.
– USDA’s risk modeling for its over-30-month rule
(OTM Rule) predicts the U.S. would import between
19 and 105 BSE-infected cattle from Canada, which
would subsequently produce BSE infections in 2 to 75
U.S.-born cattle over a 20-year period. (See 72 Fed.
Reg., 1109, col. 2; 72 Fed. Reg., 53347, col. 1.)
8
9. In Return for Having Among the Weakest
of Disease Import Standards, the U.S.
Cattle Industry Is:
• Suffering from the Continual Reintroduction of Other
Dangerous Diseases Into the United States.
– The USDA’s Office of Inspector General (OIG) reported in 2006
that 75 percent of bovine TB cases detected during the previous
five years by U.S. slaughter surveillance originated in Mexico
and were detected in 12 U.S. states. The OIG explained that
because Mexican cattle spend many months on U.S. farms and
ranches prior to slaughter, each bovine TB case is potentially
spreading the disease in the United States. In addition, the OIG
stated, “Until additional controls are added, APHIS cannot
reasonably expect to achieve its goal and eradicate TB when it is
being imported into the United States each year.
(See OIG Report No. 50601-0009-Ch, September 2006, at iii,19,
20.)
9
10. In Return for Having Among the Weakest
of Disease Import Standards, the U.S.
Cattle Industry Is:
• Suffering Significant Financial Losses Resulting
from the Importation of Higher-Risk Canadian
Cattle.
– USDA estimates that the cost to U.S. cattle
producers, for the privilege of being exposed to a
heightened risk for BSE from Canadian cattle and
beef, would be over $66 million per year (or approx.
$1.3 million each week), for which no compensation
can be obtained from anyone. (See 72 Fed. Reg.
53,356, col. 1.)
10
11. Correlation Between U.S. Calf Prices and
Canadian Cattle Imports
Relationship Between U.S. Calf Prices and Canadian Live Cattle Imports
Slaughter Steers and Heifers Feeder Steers and Heifers Slaughter Cows and Bulls 5-6 cwt. Kansas Steer Price
1,800,000 $135.00
2011 avg through
August: $149.53
1,600,000 $130.00
1,400,000 $125.00
Kansas Steer Price Per Hundredweight
Number of Imported Canadian Cattle
1,200,000 $120.00
1,000,000 $115.00
800,000 $110.00
600,000 $105.00
400,000 $100.00
200,000 $95.00
0 $90.00
10
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
t
ep
-S
11
20
Data Source: USDA FAS, AMS and K-State Research and Extension R-CALF USA
11
12. Consumers Both Here and Abroad Know
that Canada Has a Higher BSE Risk
• The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states:
As of March 2011, 19 BSE cases in Canadian-born cattle have been identified, 18 in Canada and
1 in the U.S. Of these 19 cases, 13 were known to have been born after the implementation of the
1997 Canadian feed ban ; 12 of these 13 were born after March 1, 1999. This latter date is
particularly relevant to the U.S. because since a USDA rule went into effect on November 19,
2007, Canadian cattle born on or after March 1, 1999 have been legally imported into this country
for any use. One of the 19 Canadian-born BSE cases was reported in an animal that was most
likely born before or possibly very shortly after implementation of the 1997 feed ban. Based on the
known or most likely year of birth, an average of 1.4 cases of BSE occurred among the group of
animals born each year in Canada from 1991 through 2004. The highest reported number of
cases by birth year in a single year, 3 BSE cases, occurred in 2000, 2001 and 2002. The most
recently reported case extends the period of BSE transmission in Canada through at least the
latter half of 2004. (citations omitted)
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/bse/, downloaded Sept. 21, 2011.
To reduce any risk of acquiring vCJD from food, concerned travelers to Europe or other areas with
indigenous cases of BSE may consider either avoiding beef and beef products altogether or
selecting beef or beef products, such as solid pieces of muscle meat (rather than brains or beef
products like burgers and sausages), that might have a reduced opportunity for contamination with
tissues that may harbor the BSE agent.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/risk_travelers.htm, downloaded Sept. 21, 2011.
12
13. Incubation Periods Have Not Lengthened in
Canada as In Europe, Where BSE Spread Is
Thought to be Under Control
Lifespans of Known BSE-Positive Canadian-Born BSE Cases
20
Case # 7
19
Case # 12
18
Case # 3
17
Case # 9
16
Case # 1
15
Case # 2
14
Case # 4
13
Number of BSE Cases
Case # 5
12
Case # 6
11
Case # 10
10
Case # 13
9
Case # 16
8
Case # 11
7
Case #15
6
5 Case # 8
Case # 14
4
3 Case # 17
Case # 18
2
1 Case # 19
0
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
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94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
13
15. Canada Has Significantly Reduced
Its Monthly BSE Testing
Canada's Monthly BSE Testing
8,000
7,000
6,000
Number of Cattle Tested Each Month
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2008 6227 5587 5747 6713 5726 3908 2593 1966 2244 2500 2669 2928
2009 3507 3285 3592 3900 2991 2729 2294 2009 2170 2596 2719 2826
2010 3536 3195 4015 3806 3105 2905 2405 2105 2388 2371 2925 2899
3-Yr Ave (05-07) 5310 5325 6511 6773 5820 4531 2890 2660 3029 3337 5456 5479
15
16. In Return for Having Among the Weakest
of Disease Import Standards, the U.S.
Cattle Industry Is:
• Suffering a Global Trade Deficit in the
Trade of Cattle, Beef, Beef Variety Meats
and Processed Beef.
16
18. Trade With Canada and Mexico Contributes
More than Half to the U.S. Trade Deficit
($9.9 Billion Cumulative Cost)
U.S. Trade With Canada and Mexico
Live Cattle, Beef, Beef Variety Meat, Processed Beef
R-CALF USA, Sept. 21, 2011
HS-6 Digit
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
Value in 1000 Dollars
1,000,000
500,000
0
-500,000
-1,000,000
-1,500,000
-2,000,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Jan-Jul 2011
Exports 1,057,030 517,943 870,385 1,315,186 1,461,557 1,686,586 1,533,304 1,558,281 1,149,845
Imports 1,788,316 1,796,693 2,394,262 2,611,919 2,907,845 2,843,198 2,294,563 2,823,453 1,568,873
Trade Balance -731,286 -1,278,750 -1,523,877 -1,296,733 -1,446,288 -1,156,612 -761,259 -1,265,172 -419,028
18
19. Increased Exports
2009-2010
2009 2010
Partner Product Value Value Amount of Increased Value
World Total 020230 - Bovine Boneless Froz 719,079 1,146,145 $427,066
World Total 020130 - Bovine Boneless Fr/C 1,502,278 1,724,773 $222,495
World Total 020220 - Bovine Bone In Froz 157,313 369,268 $211,955
World Total 010210 - Bovine Live, Pure 40,048 114,993 $74,945
World Total 020629 - Bovine Offal Froz 142,639 209,149 $66,510
World Total 020621 - Bovine Tongues, Froz 45,155 75,448 $30,293
World Total 020622 - Bovine Livers, Froz 88,227 118,592 $30,365
World Total 160250 - Bovine Meat, Prep 113,052 135,324 $22,272
World Total 020610 - Bovine Offal Fr/Ch 45,931 59,463 $13,532
World Total 020110 - Bovine Carcass Fr/Ch 5,588 13,124 $7,536
World Total 021020 - Bovine Meat, Salted 5,281 7,875 $2,594
World Total 020210 - Bovine Carcass Froz 4,734 4,956 $222
World Total 010290 - Bovine Live 18,745 17,752 -$993
World Total 020120 - Bovine Bone In Fr/Ch 172,827 136,549 -$36,278
Grand Total 3,060,897 4,133,409 $1,072,512
19
20. Using Weaker U.S. Disease Import
Standards to Leverage the Reopening of
Export Markets Is Deplorable
• USDA Has a Duty to Prevent the Introduction of
Dangerous Diseases Into the U.S. (see 7 U.S.C.
8301 (1), 8303 (a)(1)) and Performance of
that Duty Is Essential to Restoring the United
States’ Lost Reputation of Maintaining the
Healthiest Cattle Herd in the World, which
Reputation Was the U.S. Cattle Industry’s
Competitive Advantage
20
21. USDA and the OIE Are Incapable of
Accurately Evaluating the Risk of FMD
Outbreaks in Foreign Countries
Country/Region Date Declared FMD Free Date of FMD Outbreaks
Region within Argentina July 2000 August 2000
March 2001
Region within Uruguay October 2000 April 2001
Region within Republic of April 2000 September 2000
South Africa November 2000
South Korea December 2009 January 2010
Japan 2001 April 2010
Region within Paraguay May 2011 September 2011
21
22. USDA has Failed Its Mission to Prevent the
Introduction and Spread of TB
• “Each year 1-2 [TB] infected animals per 100,000
animals imported from Mexico are identified through
slaughter detection or epidemiologic investigations.”
(APHIS’ March 2011 report on TB pathways).
• In 2010, 1,221,111 Mexican Cattle were imported into
the U.S. Based on APHIS’ own estimate, we likely
introduced between 12 and 24 TB infected cattle in 2010
alone.
• USDA wants U.S. cattle producers to manage these
diseased cattle with its new mandatory animal
identification scheme.
22
23. History Shows that Exports Do Not Drive
Live Cattle Prices Paid to Farmers and
Ranchers
Relationship Between Export Volumes and Fed Cattle Prices
3.0 $100.00
Source: USDA-ERS Imported Canadian Cow
Detected with BSE
2.5 $90.00
Effective Date of
NAFTA
Exports: Billions of Pounds
2.0 $80.00
Fed Cattle Prices (per cwt.)
Canadian-U.S. Free
Trade Agreement
Thirteen Years of Depressed Prices
1.5 $70.00
1.0 $60.00
0.5 $50.00
0.0 $40.00
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
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06
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10
19
19
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20
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20
20
20
20
20
20
20
23
R-CALF USA
24. Long-Run Domestic Price Depression Coincides with
Increased Cattle Imports that Have Recently Introduced
TB and Classical BSE into the United States
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CATTLE IMPORTS AND FED CATTLE PRICES
3,000,000 $100.00
Record Live Cattle
BSE Detected
Imports from Mexico
in Canada
2,500,000 $90.00
2,000,000 $80.00
Fed Cattle Prices (per cwt.)
Number of Cattle Imports
Canada-U.S. Free
Trade Agreement
Effective Date
of NAFTA
1,500,000 $70.00
1,000,000 $60.00
500,000 $50.00
Source:
0 $40.00
USDA-ERS
2009 Estimated
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
R-CALF USA
24
25. The Solution Is To Address The Problem,
Not The Problem’s Symptoms
• The problem’s symptoms include loss of consumer
confidence in the health and safety of U.S. cattle and
beef products, reduced consumption of U.S.
beef, severe restrictions on U.S. beef exports, and
depressed prices for U.S. cattle farmers and ranchers.
• The problem is that the U.S. maintains disease import
standards that are too weak to prevent the introduction
of dangerous diseases, and everyone knows it.
25
26. The Solution
• USDA Must Restore for U.S.
Livestock, Livestock Producers, and the
People of the United States Its Previously
Weakened Disease Import Restrictions
and Endeavor to Achieve the Highest
Possible Level of Protection Against the
Introduction and Spread of Animal
Diseases.
26
27. Priority Action: In Descending
Order of Priority
• Immediately dedicate all available resources to prevent the introduction and spread of foreign
animal diseases in the United States.
• Immediately Reverse the OTM Rule that Allows the Importation into the U.S. from Canada of
Older Cattle, and Beef from Older Cattle, that Harbor the Highest Risk for BSE.
After the OTM Rule is Reversed:
• Require Canada, and any other country with BSE cases born after their respective feed bans, to
test all slaughtered cattle over 30 months of age (OTM) for at least one-year prior to considering
the resumption OTM beef.
• Assist U.S. beef packers in the voluntary testing for BSE.
• Cease all efforts to implement a mandatory animal identification system – which is designed to
manage other countries’ animal disease problems after they enter the United States – and redirect
all resources currently deployed for animal identification to strengthen our disease protections at
our borders, including increased testing of imported livestock.
27
28. Additional Actions
• Require all cattle imported into the U.S. from Mexico to be tested for
bovine tuberculosis (TB), directed to designated feedlots, and held
in those feedlots until they are ready for slaughter.
• Require all cattle imported into the U.S. from any country with known
TB or brucellosis reservoirs, in either livestock or wildlife, to be
tested for TB and brucellosis prior to entering the United States.
• Reverse the recently promulgated “regionalization” scheme that
allows the importation of cattle or beef from countries with ongoing
disease outbreaks by carving out a specific region or zone within
those countries and designating products in that region eligible for
export to the United States.
28
29. What’s at Stake? The Disconnect Between
Domestic Cattle Prices and Retail Beef
Prices Will Worsen
Black: Cattle Prices
Red: Retail Beef Prices
Source: Dr. Robert Taylor, Auburn University R-CALF USA
29
30. What’s At Stake? The Domestic Cattle
Industry Will Continue to Shrink even as
Consumption Increases
Number of Beef Cattle Operations vs Domestic Beef Consumption
1,000 28,500
28,000
Domestic Beef Consumption in Pounds (Thousands)
No of Beef Cattle Operations (Thousands)
27,500
900
27,000
26,500
26,000
800
25,500
25,000
700 24,500
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Source: USDA FAS, NASS Domestic Beef Consumption No. of Beef Cattle Operations R-CALF USA
Source: USDA FAS, NASS R-CALF USA
30
32. What’s at Stake? Domestic Beef Producers
Will Continue Losing their Share of the Total
Available Beef Supply
10 % of All Available
Beef was Imported Origins of the United States' Beef Supply
in 1985 13 % of All Available 14 % of All Available
Beef was Imported Total Available Beef in Beef was Imported
31 in 1996 U.S. Market in 2010
30
29
28
27
26
25 Imported Beef
24
23
22 Beef from Imported Cattle
21
20
Billions Pounds
19
18
17
16 Beef produced exclusively
15
14 from cattle born and raised
13 in the United States
12
11 Total Domestic Production
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
85
86
87
88
19
89
19
19
90
91
19
19
92
93
19
19
94
95
19
19
96
97
19
19
98
19
99
19
00
19
01
19
02
Data Source: USDA-ERS
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
R-CALF USA
20
20
Source: USDA ERS R-CALF USA 32
33. What’s at Stake? Domestic Beef
Production Will Continue to Lag Behind
Domestic Beef Consumption
Domestic Consumption in Excess of Domestic Production
1962-2010
30
29 Consumption Increases
28
27 after 1993
26 Total Domestic Beef
25 Widest spread in history of
Consumption
24 industry, 2004-2007
23
22
21
Billions Pounds
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9 Imported Beef and Beef
8
7 from Imported Cattle
6
5
4 Beef Produced Exclusively
3
2 from Cattle Born and Raised
1 in the United States
0 Imported beef and beef
from imported cattle
19 2
6
64
19
19 6
6
68
19
19 0
7
72
19
19 4
7
76
19
78
80
19
82
19
84
19
86
19
88
19
90
19
Source: USDA FAS, ERS
92
19
94
19
96
19
98
19
00
19
02
R-CALF USA
20
04
20
06
20
08
20
10
20
20
Source: USDA ERS, FAS R-CALF USA
33
34. What’s at Stake? The Domestic Cattle
Industry Will Continue to Shrink and Hollow
Out Rural Communities all Across America
Loss of U.S. Livestock Operations 1980-2010
1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
1,000,000
Number of U.S. livestock Operations
900,000
42% Loss
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
91% Loss
200,000
81% Loss 32% Loss
100,000
0
Beef Cattle Swine Diary Sheep
1980 1,272,950 667,000 335,270 120,000
2010 742,000 60,460 62,500 81,000
>100 Hd 72,000 12,060 16,000 5,022 75,000
Type of Livestock Operations
Source: USDA-NASS R-CALF USA
34
Source: USDA-NASS R-CALF USA
35. The Present and Future Viability of the U.S. Cattle
Industry Is Wholly Dependent on the Ability of U.S.
Cattle Producers to Maintain a Healthy Cattle
Herd. This is Fundamental. And, this Is
Fundamentally Impossible if USDA Persists in Its
Support of Inadequate Disease Protections that
Encourage the Introduction of Cattle Diseases
from Foreign Sources.
We Respectfully Urge USDA to Immediately
Change its Present Course and Begin
Aggressively to Protect our Borders from the
Introduction and Spread of Avoidable Animal
Diseases
35