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Samoa
- 3. CLIMATE CHANGE Definition of Adaptation: In simple terms: “ Learning to live with the new climatic conditions Mitigation Adaptation CAUSE (Rising GHG Concentrations ) IMPACTS (Water supply, food security etc)
- 6. Priority Adaptation Needs –NAPA Priority Sector Project Profile 1 Water Securing Community Water Resources 2 Forestry Reforestation and Rehabilitation and Community Forest Fire Prevention Program 3 Health Climate Health Program 4 Climate Services Climate Early Warning System 5 Agriculture Agriculture and Food Security Sustainability 6 Land use Planning Zoning and Strategic Management Planning 7 Coastal Ecosystems Implementing CIM Plans for Highly Vulnerable Districts 8 Environment Establishing Conservation Programme in highly Vulnerable Marine & Terrestrial Areas 9 Tourism Sustainable Tourism Adaptation Program
- 14. Observation Network 42 Rainfall stations 8 Climate stations 16 automatic weather stations Install another 17 AWS by December 2011 Climate elements Rainfall Temperature (incl extreme Maximum and Minimum Temp) Humidity Wind speed Wind direction Soil temperature Soil moisture Solar radiation Sunshine hours Atmospheric pressure Leaf wetness
Notas do Editor
- In recognition of the significant threat posed by climate change the Government of Samoa has signed and ratified both the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its associated Kyoto Protocol. Since ratifying these international agreements in 1998 and 2000 respectively, Samoa has made good progress on their implementation. However, as a LDC, Samoa’s capacity to implement these international agreements is somewhat limited, and external support has been relied upon in certain areas.
- Climate change mitigation is action to decrease the intensity of radiative forcing in order to reduce the potential effects of global warming . [1] Mitigation is distinguished from adaptation to global warming , which involves acting to tolerate the effects of global warming . Most often, climate change mitigation scenarios involve reductions in the concentrations of greenhouse gases , either by reducing their sources [2] or by increasing their sinks.
- Some key issues that come to mind on why adaptation plays an integral role in the livelihoods of Samoa as a SID Is because under the IPCCC Report – made up of scientists from around the world that cc is already happening not going to happen but already happening – Kyoto Protocol. And cc is projected to worsen over the coming decades. Limited global commitment – despite our insignificant emissions we still do our part – not delivering on its obligations under the KP and not likely to commit to a New Legally Binding Deal that the COP and international negotiations aim at – adaptation is crucial to respond to the adverse impacts of climate change
- Thus the need for all countries esp SIDs and LDCs to develop an adaptation strategy to guide and alocate resources to respond to the impacts of CC and especially 70 percent of Samoa’s population is located along the coastline along with key infrastructure thus a need to develop a comprehensive adaptation program
- The MNRE has led the preparation of Samoa’s National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) (2005) in response to the decision of the Seventh Session of the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The preparation process followed the principles outlined in the annotated guidelines prepared by the Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG). The basic approach to NAPA preparation was to safeguard the country’s sustainable development goals, while recognizing the need to address urgent and immediate adaptation priorities. A wide range of stakeholders participated in the process to identify and rank these priorities and allocate valuable resources. The Samoa NAPA (2005) was submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat in December 2005. and endorsed by cabinet. a key feature of the NAPA is the inclusion of project profiles, which outline adaptation actions for key sectors addressing social, environmental and economic factors. The implementation of these projects is seen as an urgent priority for Samoa to deal with the consequences of climate change. In order to address these challenges, the Government of Samoa proposed an integrated approach to address climate change impacts and in Recognition of the inter-connectedness of climate change impacts and vulnerabilities in different sectors that make it difficult to address one sector in isolation from another, Taking into consideration all the different dimensions of climate vulnerability, the NAPA process in Samoa indicated a Climate Early Warning System as the 4th recommendation (See Table 2), along with both agriculture and health sectors adaptation needs prioritized in the list. Integration of these components into a multi-sector project was found feasible
- The project focuses on the enhancement of organizational and technical capabilities in the Samoa Meteorology Division to monitor climate trends and provide regular, timely and accurate climate risk and early warning information to agricultural extension and public health services. The project will strengthen the capabilities of Samoa’s public health workers and agricultural planners to make use of climate risk information and adopt measures that increase the resilience of communities to climate-induced food security and disease risks. Demonstration of adaptive crop management and climate-related disease prevention in four high-risk districts will provide a knowledge base to catalyze increasingly resilient policy and investment decisions in Samoa, and enable replication and up-scaling of project lessons within the country and in the wider Pacific region. Coordination with the Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (PACC) project will govern this regional interface.
- We designed this project as an integrated approach and cross sectoral knowing that climate change is affects everyone. Recognizing the need for an integrated approach to national adaptation priorities, the Government of Samoa seeks to implement an integrated approach to climate change adaptation in three selected NAPA priority areas namely (i) Climate Early Warning Systems (CLEWS); (ii) Agriculture and Food Security; and (iii) Climate Health. The project will demonstrate the value of a robust climate information and early warning system to support adaptive planning and preparedness in the agriculture and health sectors, and enable a transfer of lessons learnt from these target sectors to other development sectors. Upon project completion, the improved CLEWS will provide a consistent point of departure to support climate resilient planning processes in other government departments.
- Based on these requirements, the cross sectoral approach of the ICCRA&HSS Project focuses on the following components:
- Although the financial scope provided by LDCF funding will not enable the GoS to address all the above issues in a comprehensive manner For vulnerable sectors (demonstrated in the priority development segments of food production and public health); 3. their impact on human health and livelihood security, and available short-term risk reduction as well as long-term climate change adaptation options; 4. strengthening the options available to local farmers to deal with climatic uncertainties and unpredictable dynamics in local food markets; ICCRA&HSS project will be instrumental in mainstreaming climate change into national development plans