Identifies key differences between Sybase and Oracle from the perspective of an experienced Sybase database administrator

1. Sybase to
Oracle
Critical information for new
Oracle Database Administrators
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2. Presentation Background...
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3. About The Speaker
Christopher Merry is principle consultant at Clearwater
Technical Group
Oracle Certified Professional and Certified Professional in
Learning and Performance
10 years of experience working with Oracle
Including time at Oracle Corporation
9 years of experience as a trainer for Learning Tree International
3 years of experience working with several universities to
migrate SunGard Advance from Sybase to Oracle
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4. About CTG
CTG is a small technical group specializing in Oracle consulting
with key experience assisting several universities migrate from
SunGard’s Advance Windows to Advance Web Access
CTG is not in anyway affiliated or partnered with SunGard Data
Systems, Inc.
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5. About This Presentation
Developed to identify significant differences between Sybase
and Oracle database environments
Part of a series prepared by CTG to assist clients (and others) in
their for migration challenges ahead
Other presentations include
Sybase to Oracle Migration for developers
Sybase to Oracle Data Migration Steps
Sybase to Oracle - T/SQL and PL/SQL
Bridging the Gap Between Advance Windows and AWA
Web Skills for AWA Customization
And more on the way
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6. Objectives
Evaluate tools necessary to manage an Oracle database
Oracle tools
Third party applications
Compare Sybase and Oracle architectures
Manage object and user privileges
Backup and recovery options
Data warehousing and replication concepts
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7. Database Management Tools...
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8. Oracle Supplied Tools
Oracle provides tools to manage databases
SQL*Plus
Command line tool similar to SQL Advantage or isql
SQL Developer
Oracle’s newest access tool
Java application
Includes data migration features to import Sybase objects into Oracle
A little buggy and not as feature rich as other options
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9. Oracle Supplied Tools (cont’d)
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
Web based application
Two types
Database Control
Manages a single Oracle instance
Included in Oracle installation
No additional licensing is required
Grid Control
Manages multiple databases and Oracle components
Separate installation
Additional license required
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10. SQL*Plus
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11. SQL Developer
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12. Database Control
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13. Third Party Tools
Many third party options are available
Product cost varies based on version and features desired
Many products include additional packages or licenses for database
administrators
Popular software includes
Toad
The dominant Oracle tool for years, Toad was once a free product
Now owned by Quest Software, it is one of the higher priced options
Starting at $870 for the basic edition (additional modules are available)
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14. Third Party Tools (cont’d)
More software options
SQL Navigator
The flagship Quest Software Oracle tool
The highest cost among the products mentioned here
Base edition starts are $1,300 with additional editions retailing for $3,000
DBArtisan
Includes capability to manage multiple database platforms (including Oracle and
Sybase)
Pricing unavailable
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15. Database Architecture...
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16. Server Comparison
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17. Oracle Instance
Providing the “bridge” from user to data
Instance
Users
Database
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18. Database vs. Instance
Instance is comprised of the memory components of an Oracle
database
Processes
Buffers
Database is comprised of the physical files
Data files
Networking files
Parameters files
Log files
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19. Instance vs. Databaes (cont’d)
INSTANCE
USERS
System Global Area (SGA) Program
Program
Program
Global Area
Log Global Area
Buffer Cache Shared SQL Global Area
(PGA)
Buffer (PGA)
(PGA)
DBWR LGWR SMON PMON ARCH Server
Server
Server
Tablespace
Tablespace DATABASE
Tablespace
Tablespace
Tablespace
Tablespace tnsnames.ora
Log File Archive init.ora
Log File Archive
Log File Archive
Datafile Log File Archive listener.ora
Datafile Log File Archive
Datafile spfile.ora
Datafile
sqlnet.ora
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20. Key Differences
Single database
Data separated in tablespaces and schemas
Transaction logging
Multiple log files are used
Logs are reused
Transaction details are maintained in offline archive logs
User and object privileges
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21. Object and User Privileges...
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22. Schemas
A user’s “stuff”
Every object created in an Oracle database is owned by a user
A user must have the appropriate CREATE privilege in order to
create an object
CREATE TABLE
CREATE PROCEDURE
CREATE VIEW
CREATE INDEX
CREATE SEQUENCE
And others
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23. Types of Schemas
Application Schemas
Should not be associated with a person
Generally contain objects associated with a specific application,
system, or module
For example, ADVANCE
User Schemas
Usually used for temporary processing or development
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24. Accessing Objects
Users must be granted privilege to access another users object
Privilege is granted using the object level GRANT statement
GRANT privilege, ..., privilege ON object TO user | role
The DBA role and SELECT ANY TABLE privilege allow users to query
any database table
By default, Oracle searches the user’s schema for a specified
object
The object can be prefixed with the owners name (schema) to explicitly
indicate which object
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25. Object Example
Executed as JILL (assuming the user has appropriate privileges)
SELECT * FROM entity (access JILL.ENTITY)
SELECT * FROM advance.entity (access ADVANCE.ENTITY)
SELECT * FROM address (produces error)
SELECT * FROM t_gifts (access JILL.T_GIFTS)
ADVANCE JILL
entity entity
address t_gifts
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26. Oracle Synonyms
Synonyms are used to point an object to a specific schema
Syntax
CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM object_name
FOR schema.object_name
Example
CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM entity
FOR advance.entity;
CREATE OR REPLACE SYNONYM address
FOR advance.address;
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27. Roles
Privileges can be assigned to roles
Roles are assigned to users
Ensure consistency among users
Example
CREATE ROLE adv_select;
GRANT SELECT ON advance.entity TO adv_select;
GRANT SELECT ON advance.address TO adv_select;
GRANT adv_select TO jill;
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28. Privilege Complications
When referencing an object in a view or stored procedure, a
user must have direct access to the object
A role is not sufficient
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29. Backup and Recovery...
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30. Backup Options
Many options are available to backup an Oracle database
Hot and cold
Database is available (hot) or unavailable (cold)
Database and tablespace level backups
Compressed and incremental backups
When using Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Exports
Database, tablespace, schema, and object levels
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31. Recovery Options
Several options are available for recovery
Database and tablespace level recovery
Database can be open or closed
May depend upon circumstances as to which option is possible
Point in time recovery is available
Requires availability of archive logs
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32. Backup and Recovery Tools
Manual
Uses SQL commands
Backups completed using operating system scripts
Includes hot and cold backups
Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Oracle supplied software for handling automated backup and recovery
Includes additional features beyond manual backups
Incremental
Compressed
Consistent
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33. Backup Tools (cont’d)
Export
Oracle proprietary utility
Extracts structure and data
Exported files can only be used by the Import utility
Oracle Database 10g includes a new, enhanced version called Data
Pump
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34. Replication and Extracts...
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35. Replication
Data can be replicated to another database
Useful for maintaining consistency in development and/or testing
databases
Can be used to isolate reporting and online transaction processing on
different databases
Methods include
Streams
Advanced Replication
Standby Database
Database cloning using RMAN
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36. Oracle Streams
Built-in functionality that captures database transactions
Another database can then subscribe to the stream
Digestion of transaction is flexible and processing can be performed
against individual row level data changes
Uses redo logs
Subscriber databases remain synchronized with primary
database
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37. Oracle Advanced Replication
Original replication technique
Intended to copy entire data sets from one environment to
another
Uses redo logs to transfer data
Replicated database remains synchronized with primary
database
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38. Standby Database
Can be used as a reporting database
Standby database must be configured as read only
Primary purpose is to provide failover capability if primary database
fails
Standby database applies redo logs from primary database
Standby database remains synchronized with primary database
Allows databases to be available 24x7
Failover to the standby database is possible while upgrades and
maintenance activities are performed on the primary
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39. Database Cloning
Uses Recovery Manager (RMAN)
Requires a backup of the primary database
Cloned database is only up to date as of the time of the backup
used to clone
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40. Data Warehousing Options (Extracts)
Many Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) tools are available
Oracle provides Data Warehouse Builder
Many third party products are available
Processing can be handled using nightly extract procedures
Materialized views may provide a better alternative
Objects containing data
Data retrieval based upon a query
Data can be refreshed in a variety of ways
The Oracle optimizer can “re-write” queries to use the materialized view
even if the original query did not reference the materialized view
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41. What’s Next...
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42. Migration Road Map
Of course this presentation only illustrates a few of the
differences between Oracle and Sybase
For more details regarding Oracle, take a look at the
documentation available on Oracle’s website
Contact us if you have questions regarding this or any of our
other presentation
(888) 347-7477
info@clearwatertg.com
http://www.clearwatertg.com
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