Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

Design and Deployment
of Outdoor Mesh
Wireless Networks
BRKEWN-2027
Navdeep Johar
Technical Marketing-Wireless Networking Business Unit

July 12, 2011

BREKWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Agenda
 Outdoor Wireless Opportunity
 Cisco Outdoor Wireless Architecture
 Cisco Outdoor Wireless Portfolio
 Applications & Deployment Examples
 Q&A

BRKEWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2

Associated Sessions and
Recommended Readings

 Associated Sessions
BRKEWN-2011 Managing an Enterprise WLAN with
Wireless Control System (WCS)
 BRKEWN-3013 Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum
Management Best Practices
 Prerequisites
BRKEWN-2010 Design and Deployment of Enterprise
WLANs
BRKEWM-3016 Understanding RF Fundamentals
and the Radio Design of Wireless Networks


Wireless Connectivity
Outdoors

4

What is Outdoor Wireless all about?

End user devices Broadband Tech
WiFi, HSPA, HiperLan
MaNet, LTE…

What is
outdoor
Mobility wireless? Applications


Small Cells Increase Existing Capacity
Macro
Hierarchical Networks are the best solutions
Spectrum Allocation is not increasing significantly
Small Cells are the only answers to exponential
growth in Data Traffic

Consumer 26x
Business Community
Growth
Macro
1000 Capacity
Average
Macro Cell
Growth

100
Efficiency

10
Spectrum

1
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Future networks supporting the mobile Internet will need to seamlessly integrate a lot more smaller cells

Service Provider Wi-Fi Levels of Adoption
Wi-Fi
Value
to the SP

Reduce Local Low WebAuth 3G-like ARPU
Churn Cost WiFi Side Business Experience
Vendors (EAP-SIM)

3G Offload


Cisco WiFi and WiFi Mesh is ready for Outdoors

Cost effective Standard
 No licenses  CPE and client devices
 Large ecosystem of suppliers interoperability

 Availability of client devices  Attention from the industry
(ex. Security)
 Zero on-going
communication costs  Multipurpose network
Why WiFi
Outdoors? Scalability & Ease of use
Bandwidth Efficient
 Large unlicensed spectrum  Just keep on adding nodes
(> 300 MHz)  Low impact for new sites
 Can deliver throughput where  Outdoor extension of the
you want it indoor Wireless LAN


Cisco Outdoor Wireless
Architecture

9

Bridging

L3/L2 switch
5GHz/2.4 GHz L2 switch

Point To Point

L2 switch

Internet
Point To Multipoint

Bridging: basic LAN to LAN wireless connectivity

From Bridging to Mesh
2.4 GHz Access

L3/L2 switch MAP
RAP (Mesh AP)
(Root AP)
Backhaul 5/2.4 GHz
L2 switch

Controller 5 GHz Access
Backhaul 5GHz

MAP WGB
Wired access
5 GHz Access

Mesh Deployment Flexibility:
 LAN-to-LAN connectivity
 Multiple hop backhaul
 2.4 GHz and 5GHz wireless client access
 Ethernet Access to wired clients
 LAN-to-LAN in motion with Work Group Bridge (WGB)

Cisco Unified Wireless Network
Architecture Overview
 Centralized WLAN
architecture
Mobility Services  802.11n and 802.11a/g
WCS Navigator
Engine (MSE)
 Advanced mobility
 Highly scalable
services such as
 Real-time RF visibility
seamless, L3 roaming for
and control
Network Control System metro-scale deployments
(NCS) or Wireless  Monitor and migrate
Control System (WCS) Wireless LAN Context Aware Simplified policy
standalone access
Controller(WLC) points
implementation and
 Easily configure
reduced maintenance
CAPWAP
Seamless Roaming
– WLAN controllers
WIDS Essentials/aWIPS
Planning Tools using SNMP
between Indoors &
– Access points
802.11n Outdoors
using CAPWAP
Full Interoperability
 Built-in support for
Bridging
Mobility Services
among all Mesh platforms
Clean Air / Spectrum Outdoor Mesh
– Context–Aware
Intelligence Standalone/Lightweight  Highly Scalable Network
Services (Location)
Access Points
Multilevel Security
– Adaptive Wireless
Intrusion Prevention
Client Devices  Protects network from
System (wIPS)
and Wi-Fi Tags
malicious activity and
 Wired and wireless
BRKEWN-2027 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
guest access
unauthorized access 12

Wireless Controller Product Portfolio
APs: Up to 500
Clients: Up to 10,000
I/O: Cat6K Backplane
Performance & Features

Wireless Services
APs: Up to 500 Module 2
Clients: Up to 7,000
I/O: Up to 8–1Gig. SFP
Cisco 5500 Series
Wireless Controller
APs: Up to 50 Mobility Domain Size:
Clients: Up to 500 36000 APs
I/O: Up to 4Gig (2PoE).
Cisco 2500 Series
Wireless Controller
APs: Up to 50 RAPs/MAPs counted as one AP
Clients: Up to 500  Mesh not supported on Flex 7500
I/O: ISR G2 Backplane
Wireless LAN Controller
on Services Ready
Engine

500 1k 1.5k 2k 2.5k 3k 3.5k 4k 4.5k 5k 5.5k 6k 6.5k 7k 7.5k 8k 8.5k 9k 9.5k 10k
# of Clients Supported (Scale)

Cisco Wireless Mesh
Intelligent Wireless Solution
 Deployment Flexibility
Different types of traffic

 Self-configuring, self-healing Mesh
Zero-touch configuration
Cisco’s Adaptive Wireless Path (AWPP)
Protocol for fault-tolerant Mesh deployments

 Scalability at different Layers
Network grows based on needed coverage

 Provides seamless user mobility
 Robust embedded Security
Controller
 Integrated Wireless Management
NCS: Converged Access Management for
wired and wireless Networks
WCS: one console for operational visibility,
control, troubleshooting, and reporting
Deployment time reduced by 50%
Operational management reduced by 60%

Cisco Wireless Mesh
MAP
Deployment Flexibility
Ethernet in
mesh header

WLAN
RAP
Controller

Intranet

MAPs dynamically
CAPWAP in build a tree with
mesh header the best path to
Mesh carries two types of traffic:
the RAP
Wired client traffic Mesh header
Wireless client traffic CAPWAP traffic

Cisco Wireless Mesh
Self-configuring, Self-healing Mesh

 Optimal parent selection selects Neighbor
RAP Controller

the path “ease” across each Parent
available backhaul
MAP
 Ease based on number of hops
and link SNR (Signal Noise Ratio)
 AWPP uses a “Parent Stickiness”
value to mitigate Route Flaps
 AWPP integrates 802.11h DFS
(Dynamic Frequency Selection)
for radar detection and avoidance

Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol (AWPP)
establishes the best path to the Root

Cisco Wireless Mesh
Scalability at different layers
Management
Access Point
NCS manages up to 15000 APs &
32 MAPs per RAP (recommended) 1250 WLCs
8 Hops (4 recommended) WCS manages up to 3000 APs &
16 MBSSIDs per AP (512 at WLC) 750 WLCs
More RAPs for sector capacity

Intranet

Controller
Up to 72 Controllers can be
part of an N+1 or N+N+1 cluster
Dynamic RF optimization on
access link for additional radios

Cisco Wireless Mesh
Seamless user mobility Inter-controller L3 Roaming
Intra-controller Roaming

AP-10

AA-AA

WLC-A

VLAN =2
Tunnel EoIP
B to A
AP-22
WiSM
WLC-B

AP-47

MAC SSID AP WLAN WLC VLAN IP
AA-AA OpenWiFi 22
47
10 2 A
B-A 2 10.10.10.2

Cisco 1500 Series Wireless Broadband Platform
Models:
 1552(802.11N)
1522 MRC
Modular Radio Design Maximal Ratio Combining
Multiple radios 1524PS access radio improves
Multiple Uplinks receiver sensitivity for
1524SB clients by up to 4.7 dB

FIPS-ready
Fiber SFP Option 140-2 Certifiable
Connection to available
municipal fiber provides Hazardous
greater network throughput Location-ready

Rugged, Industrial
Internal Battery Aux/Console Enclosure
LEDs
Backup Option Cable -40 C to + 55 C with Solar
Run time up to 3 Hrs Loading
Flexibility to turn off DC Input IP67, NEMA - 4X

Power over
Ethernet Port
Provides powers and Ethernet PoE Out PoE In Fiber AC Input Integrated
connectivity for 802.3af DOCSIS 3.0 Cable
cameras, sensors, and other Paintable Enclosure
compliant devices Modem Option
Can be painted to match
surrounding structures

Cisco Aironet 1500 Series Mesh Outdoor Access Points
AP1522 Cable/Fiber AP1552Cable/Ethernet (802.11n)

Docsis 2.0 Docsis /Euro-Docsis3.0
Cable Modem

2.4 4.9 to
5.8
Client Access
Backhaul &
Client Access Client Access Backhaul &
Client Access
AP1524 PS (Public Safety) AP1524SB (Serial Backhaul)
AP1552E/H (802.11n)
Backhaul Backhaul &
Client Access
5.8
2.4 4.9 5.0
2.4 5.0
Client Access
Client Access Backhaul &
Client Access


1550 Series Development Highlights 1552E/H
 1552: Dual-Band (2.4 & 5 GHz), 4 Models
 5 GHz includes only Upper ISM Bands (5.725 – 5.850 GHz)

 40 MHz BW channel support, Data rates < = 300
Mbps
 DOCSIS 3.0 (8x4)/ (304 x108) Mbps or EuroDOCSIS
3.0 (4x4) / (152 x 108) Mbps Cable Modem
 MIMO (2X3), 2 SS (Spatial Streams)
 Dual band, omni-directional antennas
• 3 Stick antennas, 4 dBi (2.4 GHz), 7 dBi (5 GHz) 1552I/C
• 3 element array, Low Profile, Single Radom, 2 dBi
(2.4 GHz), 4 dBi (5 GHz)
 CleanAir 2.4 GHz Spectrum Intelligence

13.5 cm
 ClientLink Legacy Beam Forming
 Universal Access for 5GHz clients
Strand slope
 DFS capability to detect 0.5us pulses adjustment

Cisco Aironet 802.11n 1550 Series
1552 E 1552 C
 External Antennas  Integrated DOCSIS 3.0
 Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet (8x4) /EURODOCSIS (4x4)
 Battery Backup (6AH) CM
 AC Powered (100 – 480 VAC)  Uplinks – Cable
 No Cable Modem  No Battery Backup
 PoEout port (802.3af)  Power over Cable (40 -90VAC)
 Power Injector option  No PoE out
 Dual Band Stick Antennas  No SFP
Console Port
 Built-in Dual Band Antenna
AC Power Connector
PoEout Port
Fiber Port PoEin Port

1552 H
 Class 1, Div 2/Zone 2 1552 I
hazardous location certified  Lightweight, Low power &
 External Antennas energy efficient
 Uplinks – Fiber/Ethernet  Uplinks – Ethernet
 Battery Backup (6AH)  No Battery Backup
All models can be  AC Powered (100 -277VAC)
 AC Powered (100-240VAC) powered using 12 VDC
 Power Injector option  No PoE out
 No Cable Modem  No SFP
 PoEout port (802.3af)  Built-in Dual Band
Antenna

Cisco 1552H Hazardous Locations
Certification
Div 1 > Div 2 (North America) ; Zone 1 > Zone 2 (Europe)
 Class 1, Division 2/Zone 2 is for Occasional
Environments like oil sand open pit mining.
 Class 1, Division 1/Zone 1 is for Environments with full
time ignitable concentrations of flammable gases,
vapors or liquids
 CSA Hazardous Location certification for US and
Canada: Class I, Division 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-A/N-K9).
Power Entry Module, Groups A,B,C,D with T5 (120 deg
C) temp code
 ATEX certification for worldwide deployment:
Class I, Zone 2 (AIR-LAP1552-HZ-E-K9). Power Entry
Module, Groups IIC, IIB, IIA with T5 (120 deg C) temp
code
 For Class I, Zone 1/Division 1 requirements:
use TerraWave explosive proof enclosures
 Certified with Antennas
Haz Loc Module
Conduit Piping
Terminal Block

Pole/Wall/ Strand Mount
Standard pole mount bracket can also be wall mounted
Pole/Wall Mount
AIR-BAND-INST-TL= AP1552I
Pole Diameter Range AIR-ACCPMK1550=
supported from 2” to 16 “
2 Steel Straps

Band-it system

Pole Clamp Strand Mount
M8 stud and threaded holes AP1552C
Pole/Wall Mount
AIR-ACCSMK1550 $0
AP1552 E/H (same as AP1522) AIR-ACCSMK1550= (Spare Kit)
AIR-ACCPMK1550=

Cisco Aironet Indoor Mesh Access Points

11abg 11n 11n + CleanAir
1252 3500e
Ruggedized

1242
1262

1132 1140 1040 3500i
Carpeted

No Extra License for Mesh Comprehensive suite of
WiFi certified products
APs orderable directly in Mesh Mode

Hardware Platforms - Bridging

AP1410 AP1310
Exalt r5005
5.8 GHz bridge and AP 2.4GHz bridge and AP
5 GHz P2P

AP 1242 (with 3rd AP 1252/1262/3500e
party enclosure) (with 3rd party
enclosure)
AP1500 series
Mesh AP


Exalt r5005: key features

High throughput: Hardware-based Configurable,
162 Mbps (40 128-bit AES constant Ethernet
MHz channel) latency: 0.5-5ms
Throughput
Captive 23 dBi symmetry control
antenna up to 80:20

Layer 2 switch, 3 High density
ports (1 PoE) collocation:
ExtendAir r5005 ExaltSync™
Ethernet rate Built-in Spectrum
limiting Cisco Solution Analyzer
Plus

Exalt r5005: key differentiation
100 Mbps Interference Test
120

100
Throughput (Mbps)
Layer 2 Measured

80

60

ExtendAir
40
802.11n*
Competitor

20

0 10 13 14 15 17 20 22 23 30

Interference (dB)

Very Reliable P2P technology


Cisco 1310/1410 and ExtendAir r5005
At-a-Glance Feature Comparison
ExtendAir r5005 1410 1310
Frequency 5 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz
Technology Single carrier 802.11a 802.11g
microwave not Wi-Fi®
Throughput (L2) 162 Mbps ~28 Mbps ~28 Mbps
Channel BW 8 [10]*, 16 [20], 32 [40] 20 MHz 20 MHz
Ethernet Ports 1xFE (PoE) + 2xFE 1xFE (PoE) 1xFE (PoE)
VLAN / QoS Yes / Yes Yes / Yes Yes / Yes
Rate Limiting Yes N/A N/A
Symmetry Control Yes No No
128-bit AES Yes No Yes
Spectrum Analyzer Yes No No
LOS requirement LOS only LOS / NLOS LOS / NLOS
possible but not possible but not
recommended recommended
Applications PTP only PTP or PTMP PTP or PTMP
List Price per End $5,195 $4,999 $1,299

* [ ] indicates ETSI/ITU channel bandwidth

Typical Backhaul Throughput and Latency

Avg 2-3 msec
latency per hops

HOPS RAP One Two Three Four
MAX Throughput
112 Mbps 83 Mbps 41 Mbps 25 Mbps* 15 Mbps*
(20MHz BH)
MAX Throughput
206 Mbps 111 Mbps 94 Mbps 49 Mbps 35 Mbps*
(40MHz BH)
 Latency
< 10 ms per Hop, 0.3-1 milliseconds typical
 Hops
Outdoor: code supports 8 Hops; 3–4 Hops are recommended
 Nodes
20 MAPs per RAP are recommended

Software Features

3
35

Aspects of 802.11n
Packet Backward
MIMO 40MHz Channels
Aggregation Compatibility

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

With Beam Forming
Transmissions Arrive in Phase,
Increasing Signal Strength
Without Beam Forming
Transmissions Arrive out of
Phase and signal is weaker

Performed by Ensures Signal Increases Works with
Transmitter Received in Receive non-MIMO
(Talk Better) Phase Sensitivity Clients

Beam Forming Maximal Ratio Combining Spatial Multiplexing
Beam Forming gives a gain of 4 dB in DL only for Legacy Data Rates

ClientLink (Beam Forming) Essential Facts
 Beam Forming is effective in downstream only
 Measureable advantages:
Increased SNR at cell edges
Provides

Increased downstream data rates at cell edges
Provides

Increased downstream throughput at cell edges
 Beam Forming is based on AP3500 based product
 Beam Forming only applicable to legacy rates of 9, 12,
18, 24, 36, 48 and 54 Mbps


Aspects of 802.11n
Packet Backward
40MHz Channels
Aggregation Compatibility

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)
Without MRC With MRC
Multiple Signals Sent; Multiple Signals Sent and Combined
One Signal Chosen at the Receiver Increasing Fidelity

MIMO AP
Performance

Performed by Combines Increases Works with
Receiver Multiple Received Receive non-MIMO and
(Hear Better) Signals Sensitivity MIMO Clients

Beam Forming Maximal Ratio Combining Spatial Multiplexing
MRC gives a gain of 4.7 dB in UL for all Data Rates
MRC Gain is added in Rx Sensitivity number

MRC available for 802.11a/g/n
Combined Effect (Adding all Rx Paths)

3 Antennas Rx Signals


Software features For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 6.0 onwards)
Dynamic backhaul data rate

Each Link uses Best Possible Rate as per its link quality

Backhaul client access
AP with two 5 GHz Radios
AP1524SB

Extended Client Access can be
unchecked independently from GUI

(Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable
Warning Messages (Cisco Controller)> config mesh client-access enable
extended

UA/EUA can be configured from
WCS

Backhaul channel deselect

 Feature helps end user to regulate/restrict set of channels that get
assigned to Linear chain automatically. The set is chosen from the
DCA list
 Best suited for avoiding known source of interferences or for outdoor
mesh interoperability with indoor mesh or work group bridges
(WGBs).

100 RAP MAP
104
108
DCA 112
list 116
Ch 100 Ch 108
132
136
140
Radar affecting ch 136, 140 These channels will NOT be assigned



Choose the list of channels that
the mesh network will use

(Controller) >show advanced 802.11a channel


Warning Message


Software features
Backhaul channel deselect: when useful?
Better Frequency Planning can be done on two adjacent
linear spurs to reduce co-channel interference
RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop

Universal
access

LRF (Link Role Flexibility)
WGB on 5 GHz
AP on 2.4 GHz

Station 1 Station 2

RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop 3 Hop RAP 1 Hop 2 Hop

Software features
Mobile Access for Vehicles
Both 5Ghz radios are
equipped with a Directional
Cellular
antenna to optimize the
coverage of the rail
CH 149
RAP 2
802.11 CH 149
Hotspots
CH 161
RAP 1
Work Group Bridge (WGB) CH 161

CH 153
CH 157
RAP
CH 153 CH 149

Cisco Router AP1524 SB
in Vehicle
RAP CH 161
CH 161


(Software Rel. 7.0.116 onwards)
Preferred Parent Selection
 Preferred Parent (P.P) can be configured on an AP
 P. P will be selected for the following conditions:
 P.P parent is the best parent
 P.P link SNR is at least 20dB (In this case, other parents,
however good, are ignored)
 P.P has link SNR between 12 and 20 dB, but no other
parent is significantly better (SNR more than 20% better).
For lower than 12dB SNR, P.P configuration is ignored
 P.P is not blacklisted
 P.P is not in silent mode due to DFS.
 P.P is in the same Bridge Group Name (BGN). If no other
parent available in the same BGN, the child will join the P.P
using the default BGN

Software features
Preferred Parent Selection
(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred <AP Name> <MAC addr>

(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB ? Child Parent
<MAC addr> radio mac of the preferred parent
none clear configured parent

(Cisco Controller 1) >config mesh parent preferred MAP1SB 00:24:13:0f:92:00

(Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general <AP Name>
(Cisco Controller 1) >show ap config general MAP1SB
Cisco AP Identifier.............................. 40
Cisco AP Name.................................... MAP1SB
Country code..................................... US - United States
Regulatory Domain allowed by Country............. 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-
A, ou
tdoor mesh -AB
AP Country code.................................. US - United States
AP Regulatory Domain............................. 802.11bg:-A 802.11a:-A
Switch Port Number .............................. 1
MAC Address...................................... 00:24:50:34:21:00
IP Address Configuration......................... DHCP
IP Address....................................... 10.51.1.175
IP NetMask....................................... 255.255.255.0
Ethernet Port Duplex............................. Auto
Ethernet Port Speed.............................. Auto
AP Link Latency.................................. Disabled
Rogue Detection.................................. Enabled
AP TCP MSS Adjust................................ Disabled
Mesh preferred parent............................ 00:24:13:0f:92:00


CleanAir

5
53

What is CleanAir Technology?
Locate Mitigate
WCS, MSE Wireless LAN Controller

POOR GOOD

 •Classification processed
Classification processed
on Access Point
on Access Point
Maintain Air Quality
 •Interference impact and
Interference impact and
data sent to WLC for real-
data sent to WLC for real-
time action
time action
 •WCS and MSE store data
WCS and MSE store data
for location, history, and
for location, history, and
troubleshooting
troubleshooting Visualize and CH CH 11
1
Troubleshoot
AIR QUALITY PERFORMANCE

Cisco
CleanAir

Network Visibility
Context Aware Services enable WCS to show Interferer’s location

Map – Air Quality View

Interferer Details
Zone of Impact

Mesh APs

Self Healing and Optimization

Interference
Aware
RRM
Maximizes performance by avoiding interference

Event
Driven
RRM CH 1 CH 1 CH 11 CH 1
Self Healing to avoid Wi-Fi degradation

Persistent
Device
Avoidance
Self Learning to increase reliability


Clean Air for Mesh For Your Reference
(Software Rel. 7.0.116.0 onwards)
 Clean Air on 2.4 GHz for AP1552 & AP3500 in Bridge (Mesh)
mode
 Interferers detected by Clean Air on 2.4 GHz include

 AP1552 offers Clean Air in Bridge (Mesh) Mode
-there is no other mode available
 No Clean Air on 5 GHz (Backhaul)
 No Monitor Mode
 No Spectrum Connect Mode
(SE-ConnectAP)


CleanAir Recommendations for Outdoors
 AP Density recommendation for CleanAir remains the same
as normal Mesh AP Deployment (800/1000 feet cell radius)
 APs should be RF neighbors for any possibility of Merging (spatial
proximity)
 Location Resolution in the Outdoors is to the nearest AP
 Devices generally are located near the AP which is physically
closest to the device
 Outdoor Custom Calibration possible from 7.0.116.0 onwards
 Location error may double without custom calibration model
 Installation with a low density of sensors has the possibility of
having duplicate entries of interferes
 Mixing CleanAir (AP1552) and Legacy AP’s (AP152X)
operating in Local Mode (serving clients) is Not supported –
nor is recommended

PMAC Merge in Outdoors

PMAC Convergence and Merging depends upon
 Density of the Sensors
 Quality of the observed classification
 RSSI from the interferer to the APs
 RF neighbor list at the APs

Cluster Center - is the closest AP to the device

After PMAC signature merging – one can identify which APa can hear the device

CleanAir WLC enable
(WCS identical under Configure=>Controllers) EDRRM & PDA off
by Default

Wireless=>802.11a/b=>CleanAir

CleanAir is enabled
by Default on the AP
Interface
it is disabled Globally
by default on the
controller.

WLC CLI
(Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a/b cleanair enable

MSE – Context Aware
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>tracking parameters

Disabled by
Default

1 interferer = 1 CAS license


MSE – Context Aware - History
WCS=>Services=>MSE=>Context Aware Service=>Administration=>History Parameters

Disabled by
Default


CleanAir Licensing
 A CleanAir AP is the license no special controller
license required – will work with WCS Base
 Adding an MSE – requires WCS Plus for location
 CAS (Context Aware) license required for
Interference location
 100 Permanent Interferers licenses are embedded
in MSE. Interferer Licenses open up as Clean Air
APs are detected, in stages of 5 per CleanAir AP
 Interference and Client location functionally
identical – and use the same license count
 If license is 1000, and interferers are 500, then 500
clients can be displayed


Design & Planning

6
65

Design & Planning
General Considerations
 RF Nature: Not an Exact Science, Especially in Unlicensed Spectrum
 Mesh: AP-to-AP Backhaul Distance Capability should be  2x AP-to-Client
 WiFi Network Planning Involves:
 Site Survey to Identify: AP Location & Height, Line-of-Sight (LoS)/Partial
LoS, Interference, Access to wired backhaul (i.e. Max # Hops), …
 Client type (Smart Phones, Tablets, Laptops, …)
Weakest Link typically would be the Uplink on a Smart Phone
 User Experience: Minimum Throughput to User, Type of Applications
(Internet, Video, Gaming, ….)
 CAPEX & OPEX available for project; Match to type of Service, Robustness
of Coverage, …
 Regulatory Considerations; different countries allow different Tx power at
different Frequency Bands.
 Type of AP Used: AP1552E&H (External Ant.), AP1552C&I (Integrated Ant.)
 AP1552E, AP1552H : Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (4 dBi), 5 GHz (7 dBi)
 AP1552C, AP1552I: Antenna Gain 2.4 GHz (2 dBi), 5 GHz (4 dBi)

Current Standards and Directives: For Your
The 5 GHz Bridging Spectrum Reference

UNII-2
5.825
4.94 4.99 5.15 5.25 5.35 5.470 Extended 5.725 5.850
2 Channels 4 Channels 4 Channels 11 Channels 5 Channels

US ISM 30 dBm
(FCC) UNII-1 UNII-2 6 channels (*)
Radiated Power 33 dBm 5 Channels
EIRP inc antenna
17 dBm 27 dBm 27 dBm
UNII-3, 30 dBm
Indoor Indoor / Indoor /Outdoor
only Outdoor Outdoor

Europe 23 dBm 23 dBm 11 Channels
Radiated Power (200 mW) (200mW) 30 dBm
EIRP inc Antenna

Indoor Indoor Indoor /Outdoor
only only

DFS + TPC required (**)
(*) 6 channel available today:
120, 124, 128 disabled to be compliant with DFS rules in Canada
116 &132 disabled to be compliant with new FCC Enforcement to protect TDWR

(**) Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) – Transmit Power Control (TPC)

Current Standards and Directives:
Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) requirements
Frequency (MHz)
CH  DFS required by Regulations to allow
WLAN to share the 5GHz band with Radar
1 5150 – 5250 36
40  All Cisco products are compliant
(UNII-I) 44
DFS Not Required 48  Best Practices for Radars:
2 5250 – 5350 52
56
Do a Survey and contact the local
(UNII-II) 60 authorities to know if there are radars
64
nearby
100
104 Use “Full Sector Mode” that prevents
5470 – 5725 108
(UNII-II extended) 112 MAPs to be isolated after detecting a
116
120
radar
124
128
Correctly mount the APs (spacing
132 and antennas alignment)
136
140 Remove the radar affected channels
3 5725 – 5850 149 from the Controller channel list
153
(ISM) 157
DFS Not Required 161
165

Cisco Mesh Antennas
2.4 & 5 GHz Dual Band Antennas for AP1552E and AP1552H
Part Number Description
AIR-ANT2547V-N Dual Band 2.4 (4dBi)/5 GHz(7dBi),Omni-Directional
2.4 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series
AIR-ANT2450V-N 2.4 GHz, 5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT2455V-N 2.4 GHz, 5.5 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT2480V-N 2.4 GHz, 8 dBi Omni-Directional
4.9/5 GHz Antennas for AP1520 Series
AIR-ANT5140V-N 5.25 to 5.85 GHz, 4 dBi Right Angle Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT5180V-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 8 dBi Compact Omni-Directional
AIR-ANT58G10SSA-N 5.725 to 5.825 GHz, 9.5 dBi Sector
AIR-ANT5114P-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 14 dBi Patch
AIR-ANT5117S-N 4.9 to 5.85 GHz, 17 dBi 90o Sector

Design and planning
Network Architecture (an example)
Small village in Digital Divide

WLC LOS 5GHz link up to 8 km
5GHz/
RAP 2.4GHz
MAP
POP

Business Area in Digital Divide
RAP
5GHz/
2.4GHz

MAP
Service Provider
Network


Design & Planning (A Domain) 1 meter= 3.28 ft 1 sq-meter = 10.7 sq-ft
Guidance 1 mile = 1.61 km 1 sq-mile = 2.6 sq-km

 AP-to-Client Distance
2.4 GHz (A Domain)
 AP1522: 600 ft/180 m
 AP1552C/I: 800 ft/250 m
 AP1552E/H: 1000 ft/300 m

 Recommendations AP to AP (Backhaul) = 2 X (AP to Client Distance)
AP to AP = 2x(AP-Client)
 AP1522: 1200 ft/366 m
 AP1552C/I: 1600 ft/500 m
 AP1552E/H: 2000 ft/600 m
 AP Density
 AP1522: 25 AP/sq-mile = 10 AP/sq-km
 AP1552C & AP1552I: 14 AP/sq-mile = 5.3 AP/sq-km
 AP1552E & AP1552H: 9 AP/sq-mile = 3.5 AP/sq-km

 Assumptions:
 Height: APs are at 33 Ft (10 m); Client @ 3.3 ft (1 m)
 Throughput: > 1 Mbps. Decreasing AP-AP Distance improves coverage
 Near LoS. Flat Terrain Environment

Design & Planning
Guidance- Greenfield Deployment in a Flat Environment
RAP AP-to-Client Cell Radius @ 2.4 GHz
MAP AP 1552C/I: R= 250 meters
AP 1552E/H: R= 300 meters

MAP

• AP-Client Coverage 2.4 GHz
• AP-Client Coverage 5 GHz
• AP-AP Backhaul Coverage 5 GHz
• AP-AP Distance ≥ 2x AP-Client Distance

Range Calculator
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps11451/products_implementation_design_guides_list.html

Design & Planning For Your
SNR vs Bandwidth 11a/g Reference
(Table is also valid for 1522 2.4 GHz radio with 3 Rx )

MRC Gain from 3 RXs Fade Margin Req.Link SNR
11a MCS Modulation Min SNR (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB)

6 Mb/s BPSK 1/2 5 4.7 9 9.3
9 Mb/s BPSK 3/4 6 4.7 9 10.3
12 Mb/s QPSK 1/2 7 4.7 9 11.3
18 Mb/s QPSK 3/4 9 4.7 9 13.3

24 Mb/s 16QAM 1/2 13 4.7 9 17.3

36 Mb/s 16QAM 3/4 17 4.7 9 21.3

48 Mb/s 64QAM2/3 20 4.7 9 24.3

54 Mb/s 64QAM 3/4 22 4.7 9 26.3

(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)

Design & Planning For Your
Reference
SNR vs Bandwidth 5 GHz 11n
# of Spatial Min SNR MRC Gain from 3 Fade Margin Link SNR
Streams 11n MCS Modulation (dB) RXs (dB) (dB) (dB)
1 MCS 0 BPSK 1/2 5 4.7 9 9.3
1 MCS 1 QPSK 1/2 7 4.7 9 11.3
1 MCS 2 QPSK 3/4 9 4.7 9 13.3
1 MCS 3 16QAM 1/2 13 4.7 9 17.3
1 MCS 4 16QAM 3/4 17 4.7 9 21.3
1 MCS 5 64QAM2/3 20 4.7 9 24.3
1 MCS 6 64QAM 3/4 22 4.7 9 26.3
1 MCS 7 64QAM 5/6 23 4.7 9 27.3
2 MCS 8 BPSK 1/2 5 1.7 9 12.3
2 MCS 9 QPSK 1/2 7 1.7 9 14.3
2 MCS 10 QPSK 3/4 9 1.7 9 16.3
2 MCS 11 16QAM 1/2 13 1.7 9 20.3
2 MCS 12 16QAM 3/4 17 1.7 9 24.3
2 MCS 13 64QAM2/3 20 1.7 9 27.3
2 MCS 14 64QAM 3/4 22 1.7 9 29.3
2 MCS 15 64QAM 5/6 23 1.7 9 30.3

(*) LinkSNR = Minimum SNR - MRC + Fade Margin (9 dB)

Sectorization
AP to AP distance as per the Range Recommendations

3 Hops

1 Hop to RAP

2 Hops to RAP

3 Hops to RAP

MAP
RAP

MAP

One Square Mile, 25 Cells (max)


Bridge Group Name (BGN)-Sectorization
 Logically groups APs and controls the association
of the radios
 For adding capacity we recommend that you have
more than one RAP in the same sector, with the
same BGN, but on different channels
 A factory default BGN is empty (NULL VALUE).
BGN is a string of Eleven characters maximum
 Mesh APs with incorrect BGN, can still join a
running network using BGN as the word “Default”
 AP using “default” BGN
Associate clients, and forms mesh relationships
After 15 minutes APs will go to SCAN state rather than
Rebooting

Site Survey and deployment
Get creative, use different tools


Collocating APs
• Proper spacing = better performance and coverage
• Minimum Vertical Separation of 3 meters (10m if on adjacent channels)
• Antennas vertical alignment is another important factor
• Consider RF interferences: use Spectrum Expert


Grounding the AP

1- Outdoor Light Control
2- Streetlight Adapter
3-Copper Grounding wire

POWER
INJECTOR

10 AWG
or Larger
Ground Wire

Street Light Power Tap supports 100 to 480 VAC

Environmental impact

Equipment
Inside


Deployment Examples

8
85

Target Areas for Wi-Fi Offload
Where People Go!


Monetizing Coverage and Capacity with
Next Generation Hotspot
1 2 3 4
Next Generation
Hotspot
802.1x , EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA
Auto SIM
credentials

Encrypted
Wi-Fi Link
802.11i Mobile “concierge” service
Network enablement
Seamless authentication & MSAP
Discovery Wi-Fi roaming - Wireless
802.11u Broadband Alliance

RELIABLE SEAMLESS SECURE PROFITABLE
Carrier class Simplifies network Extends existing Enables location-
solution discovery and SIM-based based and value-
selection for authentication added services
seamless cellular techniques over
data offload encrypted Wi-Fi


Customer Experience Transformation
MSAP- Mobility Service Advertisement Protocol

Reach customers at the moment of choice
Secure Wi-Fi Special offers
Network Discovery
today

Receive transient
applications without
user intervention

A New Mobile Experience for Mobile Subscribers


High Density Deployments –Super Bowl XLV
Cowboys Stadium
 942 indoor and outdoor AP’s

 24 Wireless Controllers

 WCS in continuous operation

 +50,000 AT&T clients in the stadium

 96.5% Successful Authentication
(Target 96%)

 100% Service Availability
(Target 99.99%)

 67GB Total Data Traffic from all
AT&T Wi-Fi users

Service Provider Wi-Fi – Convention Center
Mobile World Congress 2011

 Operate free Wi-Fi Hotspot
network for attendees
CleanAir – Intelligent Reliability
ClientLink – High Density
Coverage
Video Stream – Quality Video
Band Select – Optimized
Throughput
 Cisco Cloud Connect
Managing wireless cloud services


Service Providers Wi-Fi Deployments

 Continuous coverage for NY metro area with more
than 25,000 APs (indoor and outdoor)
 Internet access on commuter Rails & Ferries feeding
into NY city
 Large convention coverage in
Madison Square Garden &
Radio City Music Hall
 Increases customer stickiness
with differentiated Wi-Fi service
for reduced customer churn


Q&A


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Design and Deployment of Outdoor Mesh Wireless Networks

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