Combined Congress Unit PPT

2. CONGRESS

4. 01

5. 01Thom Tillis
Richard.......
January 2015January 2005

6. 01

7. 01
Paul Ryan
Speaker of the House

8. 01
Orrin Hatch
President Pro
Tempore

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11. 01

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13. 01
NORTH CAROLINA
12th DISTRICT

14. 01
FLORIDA
22nd DISTRICT

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ILLINOIS
4th DISTRICT
What we want districts to look like
http://youtu.be/U6DyZF--0ao
What we don't want districts to look like
http://youtu.be/CrVE-WQBcYQ

19. Expressed vs. Implied Powers
of Congress

20. What’s the Difference Between Expressed
and Implied?
Expressed Powers Implied Powers
• Expressed means that they are
explicitly written in the
Constitution, giving Congress the
direct power to regulate those
areas
• Implied means that they are
powers taken by Congress
through reasonable deduction
from the expressed powers
• The “Necessary and Proper”
Clause

21. “The Necessary and Proper Clause”
• “To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by
this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any
Department or Officer thereof.”
• Article I, Section 8, Clause 18

22. The power to lay and collect taxes
Expressed Implied
• “To lay and collect Taxes, Duties,
Imposts and Excises, to pay the
Debts and provide for the
common Defense and general
Welfare of the United States…”
• Congress is the only body in the
Fed. Gov’t to decide how to tax
us
• Punish Tax Evaders
• Regulate certain things (alcohol)
and outlaw others (narcotics)
• Require states to meet certain
conditions to get federal funding

23. The Power to Regulate Interstate Commerce
Expressed implied
• “to regulate Commerce with
foreign Nations, and among the
several states, and with the Indian
Tribes”
• The Congress can make laws
regulating domestic and foreign
trade
• Cannot favor one state over
another
• Establish a minimum wage
• Ban discrimination in workplaces
and public facilities
• Pass laws protecting the disabled
• Regulate Banking

24. The Power to Borrow Money
Expressed Implied
• “to borrow money on the credit
of the United States”
• No limit on how much we can
borrow
• No limitations on the reasons for
borrowing
• The power to establish the
Federal Reserve System of Banks

25. The Power to Raise an Army and Navy
Expressed implied
• Congress alone has the power to
raise and support an Army and
Navy
• Make rules governing our
military
• Declare War
• The power to draft Americans
into the military
• Highly controversial, but upheld
by Supreme Court in 1917

26. The Power to Create Naturalization Laws
Expressed Implied
• “To establish an uniform Rule of
Naturalization.”
• Congress set up the process for
immigrants becoming citizens
• The power to regulate and limit
immigration
• Quotas are placed on the
number of people that can
immigrate here every year

27. The Power to Establish Post Offices
Expressed Implied
• “to establish Post Offices and Post
roads”
• Provides for the carrying of the
mail
• “Post Roads” include rail lines,
airways, and waters in US while
mail is travelling on them
• Prohibit mail fraud and
obstruction of the mail
• Bar the shipping of certain items
through the mail

28. How a bill becomes a law…

29. 2
9
Congress
• Most important job of congress is to __________ laws
• 6,845 bills introduced during 112th congress
• 561 passed into law

30. Step one - Introduction
• House of Representatives -
• A bill idea may be introduced by any citizen but
only a member of the House may propose
legislation. (hopper)

31. Step One proposal/Intro
• Bill is introduced by a
member of the House of
Representatives.
• Bill is read in the House

32. Step Two committee action
• Bill is given a number committee chair and
assigned to a committee/subcomittee by
parliamentarian to begin the legislation process.
• (H.F. - and the number it was received in)
• Can be sent to subcommittee
Il peut mourir
Il peut mourir

33. Step two committee action
• The committee has three options:
• 1) Kill the bill
• 2) Pigeonhole the bill (Most common)
• 3) Send the bill onto the full House for
consideration
Il peut mourir

34. Step three Floor debate
• Bill is debated on the House Floor. Then the House can
either:
• A) defeat the bill
• B) pass the bill
• Voting done 3 ways
• 1. Voice vote aye/no
• 2. Standing vote
• 3. Roll call yea, nay, present
Il peut mourir

35. Step 4 Repeat
• * Process for 1-4 same in senate.
• Il peut mourir

36. 24 Hours 18 Mins
Civl Rights Act 1957
Strom Thurmond Alfonse D'Amato23 Hours 30 Mins
Military Bill

37. Step 5 conference committee
• If there are differences in the two versions
of the bill, the bill must go back to
conference committee for revisions. then
sent back to both houses for vote
Il peut mourir

38. Step Five conference committee
• The House and senate version of the bill sent
to a Conference Committee to revise and
vote on the bill
Il peut mourir

39. Step Six President
• The approved bill is sent to the president:
• he can do 4 things
• A) The President signs the bill and it becomes law.
• B) The President does not sign the bill and Congress
is in session for 10 days and the bill automatically
becomes law.

40. OR
• C) The President vetoes the bill thereby
killing the bill process.
• D) The President does not sign the bill
and Congress is adjourned for 10 days
and bill is automatically vetoed and thus,
it is dead. (Pocket Veto)
Il peut mourir
Il peut mourir

41. If the bill is vetoed, the two chambers
have three options:
• A) Change the bill. To what the
president wants so he does not veto
• B) Forget about the bill, put in back
into the hopper, and try again later or
next session.
• C) Attempt an Override of the
President’s Veto.2/3 congress vote
Il peut mourir

42. • However, any override must
have at least a two-thirds
majority to be successful.
• Not very common because of overwhelming
majority

43. 43

44. How a Bill Becomes a Law
• Irene – Introduction
• Can – Committee
• Friend – Full House (or Senate)
• Really – Repeat
• Conspicuous – Conference Committee
• People – President

45. House-Senate Differences
House
• 435 members; 2 yr terms
• Low turnover
• Speaker bill referral hard
to challenge
• Scheduling/rules
controlled by majority
party with powerful Rules
Committee (controls time of
Senate
• 100 members; 6 yr terms
• Moderate turnover
• Referral decisions easily
challenged
• Scheduling/rules agreed to
by majority & minority
leaders

46. House-Senate Differences
House
• Debate limited to 1 hour
• Members policy
specialists
• Emphasizes tax &
revenue policy
• More formal &
impersonal
Senate
• Unlimited debate unless
cloture invoked
• Members policy
generalists
• Emphasizes foreign policy
• More informal & personal

47. HOUSE LEADERSHIP
Speaker (majority
party)
Democrats:
• Majority Leader
• Majority Whip
• Chairman of the
Caucus
• Steering & Policy
Committee
• Democratic
Congressional
Campaign Committee
Speaker of the House
Nancy Pelossi (D-CA)
Majority Leader
Steny Hoyer (D-MD)
Majority Whip
James Clyburn (D-SC)

48. SENATE LEADERSHIP
President of the Senate
(Vice President)
President Pro Tempore
(majority party)
Democrats:
• Majority Leader
• Majority Whip
• Chairman of Conference
• Policy Committee
• Steering Committee
• Democratic Senatorial
Campaign Committee
Majority Leader
Harry Reid (D-NV)
President Pro Tem
Robert Byrd (D-WV)
Majority Whip
Richard Durbin (D-IL)
President of the Senate
Joe Biden (D-DE)

49. Legislative Committees:
Function and Purpose

50. Legislative Committees:
Function & Purpose
1. Consider bills (a.k.a. “mark-up” bills)
A bill with a member’s mark-up notes

51. Legislative Committees:
Function & Purpose
2. Maintain oversight of executive agencies
Secretary Donald Rumsfeld testifies before a Senate Appropriations
Committee hearing re: the Department of Defense Budget (May, 2006)

52. Legislative Committees:
Function & Purpose
3. Conduct investigations
New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin testified before the Senate Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs Committee on Hurricane Katrina (Feb., 2006

53. Types of Committees
Standing Committees - permanent panel with full
legislative functions and oversight responsibilities
• Subcommittees – formed to tackle very specific tasks within
the jurisdiction of the full committees
Select or Special Committees - groups appointed for a
limited purpose and limited duration
Joint Committees - includes members of both chambers
to conduct studies or perform housekeeping tasks
Conference Committee - includes members of House &
Senate to work out differences between similar bills

54. House Standing Committees
Agriculture
Appropriations
Armed Services
Budget
Education & Workforce
Energy & Commerce
Financial Services
Government Reform
House Admin.
International Relations
Judiciary
Resources
Rules
Science
Small Business
Standards of Official
Conduct
Transportation &
Infrastructure
Veterans Affairs
Ways & Means

55. Senate Standing Committees
Agriculture, Nutrition, &
Forestry
Appropriations
Armed Services
Banking, Housing, & Urban
Affairs
Budget
Commerce, Science,
Transportation
Energy & Natural Resources
Environment and Public
Works
Finance
Foreign Relations
Governmental Affairs
Health, Education, Labor &
Pensions
Judiciary
Rules and Administration
Small Business and
Entrepreneurship
Veterans Affairs