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風險管理經驗分享
風險
 風險
 部風險內 : 因經營管理上的不徹底執行或決策
草率失當,例如 : 消防設備配置不當、機器未
照規定保養、製造品管有問題、合約管理不完
善、人員管理不落實
 外部風險 : 由公司外部所引發的風險,例如 :
供應商供貨不及、合作夥伴執行延遲、法規變
更、電力供應中斷
風險管理
 風險管理
 事前的損失預防
避免
轉嫁
降低
 事後的財務補償
風險自留
保險安排
– 消防設備配置建議
– 合約有關保險建議
– 海外國家或法令要求之安排建議
– 其他建議 : 人員訓練、經驗分享… .
風險轉嫁或降低建議
• 身體傷害 : 死亡、殘廢、疾病等
• 財物損失 : 房屋、機械、車輛、存貨
等
• 財務損失 : 收入、費用等金錢
損失的分類
身體傷害
1. 自己 : 自我身故 - 壽險或醫療險或意外
險的保障
2. 他人 : 員工或其他人的體傷 – 雇主責任
險 雇主補償、第三人責任 ( 例如 : 汽車
責任保險 )
保險的分類
財物損失
1. 自己 : 火災保險、海上運輸保險、車險
2. 他人 : 公共意外責任險、 品責任險產
保險的分類
財務損失
1. 自己 : 員工誠實保險、犯罪保險、貿易
信用保險
2. 他人 : 個人資料保護責任保險、專業責
任險、錯誤疏漏險
保險的分類
犯罪保險
• 隨著台灣中小企業的蓬勃發展,不同
類型的舞弊詐欺事件時有所聞。依近
年的統計數據,十次有九次的内部舞
弊詐欺行為都有資深的員工牽 其中涉
。所以,單純依 自身的 控制度,賴 內
並不能使企業免於内部詐欺風險。針
對中小企業,以全新的保險概念,提
供防範内部詐欺和現金損失的全面風
險控管。
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
eport in 2008)
根據研究報告 , 商業詐欺行為所造成損失中間
約美金值 $175,000 元 , 超過四分之一的詐欺行
為所造成損失約美金 $1,000,000 元以上
詐欺被發覺前 , 約有一半的不法行為超過 24 個
月
員工詐欺行為所造成損失約 一般企業營業額佔
的 7%
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners’ Report to the Nations
on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, Asia Pacific Edition
欺詐造成的損失往往隨著犯罪者的權威提高。由業
主或高管欺詐的平均損失約新台幣 3 仟 3 佰萬元。
由經理人和員工所致的欺詐損失分別為新台幣 8 佰
萬元,新台幣 6 佰 6 拾萬元。
詐欺被發覺前 , 不法行為已持續超過 12 個月。
員工詐欺行為所造成損失約 一般企業營業額的佔
5% 。
大約 85% 欺詐犯罪者從來沒有被之前的刑事罪行
遭
起訴或定罪
詐欺行為模式
有機會 生產
形勢或環境讓詐欺行為有機會 生產
( 如控管不周全 )
生活壓力或受到誘惑
詐欺行為動機大於誠實動機
( 如生活奢侈、個人負債、業務變差 )
將行為合理化
以個人思維來合理化其詐欺行為
( 如理所當然、報復心理、公司可承擔的短
少、別人也做 )
詐欺行為模式
與供應商業務方面之交易
現金交易被 移方面之交易挪
有關公司支票方面之詐欺
應收帳款 / 進行中付款程序
廢棄品 , 瑕疵品和殘餘資 之侵產 吞
利益衝突 , 回扣 , 賄絡和員工貪污
費用申請之詐欺
薪資之詐欺
使用公司資源來 付個人費用给
與電腦相關之詐欺
犯罪綜合保險
• 員工詐欺
• 營業處所
• 運送途中
• 偽造
• 資金轉帳詐欺
• 偽造貨幣詐欺
• 信用 詐欺卡
• 客戶
犯罪綜合保險
(1) 員工詐欺承保範圍
• 因其員工單獨進行或與他人共謀的詐欺或
不誠實行為而遭受現金,有價證劵或財產
的直接損失。
(2) 營業處所承保範圍 :
• 營業處所或銀行營業處所 的現金,有價內
證劵或財 被第三人非法取得,或現金或產
有價證劵的實際毀壞或失踪。
犯罪綜合保險
(3) 運送途中承保範圍 :
• 在運送途中或暫時存放在員工家中或合夥
人 ( 被保險人是合夥營業 ) 家中的現金,
有價證劵或財 被第三人非法取得,或現產
金或有價證劵的實際毀壞或失踪。
(4) 偽造承保範圍 :
• 因金融證券 ( 支票匯票)經第三人的偽造
或變造而遭受的直接損失。
犯罪綜合保險
(5) 電腦詐欺承保範圍 :
• 因第三人的透過電腦入侵而非法取得或以
詐欺手段誘使轉移現金,有價證券或財產
的直接損失。
(6) 資金轉帳詐欺承保範圍 :
• 遭第三人的不誠實或詐欺性以電子,電信
,有線,電報,傳真,電話或書面的指示
,指示金融機構移轉,支付或傳送被保險
人在該金融機構帳 的現金或有價證券戶內
而遭受的直接損失。
犯罪綜合保險
(7) 偽造貨幣詐欺承保範圍 :
• 被保險人在經營過程中善意接受無法兌現
郵政匯票或偽造貨幣而遭受直接損失。
(8) 信用 詐欺承保範圍卡 :
• 因對於申請給被保險人或指定的員工或其
合夥人之信用 有關書面文件的偽造或變卡
造而遭受的直接損失。
犯罪綜合保險
(9) 客 承保範圍戶 :
• 因員工的詐欺或不誠實行為而使客 遭受戶
的直接損失。 ( 但不含員工與客 的董事戶
或員工或代理人有任何共謀情形。 )
(10) 費用承保範圍 :
• 為確認損失的存在及金額所 生的合理費產
用或
• 電腦入侵復原費用 : 為再製或複製受到毀
損滅失的資料或電腦程式所 生的合理費產
用 。
貿易信用保險
買方經常逾期付款或甚至不付款,根據統計
:
•83% 的出口商曾經 買方逾期付款歷
•70% 的逾期付款來自現有買方, 30% 來
自新買方
•53% 的公司在過去三年有壞帳
•25% 企業的倒閉是因買方預期帳款而造成
貿易信用保險
• 世界各地的買家要求比較 鬆的信用寬
條款,答應他們的要求可 加銷售量增
和與顧客保持良好關係。
• • 50% 的顧客要求更多的信用
• 91% 的出口商應買家要求提供記帳
• 加出口銷售增 (82% 受訪人士 ) 和
提高客 忠誠度戶 (74%)
貿易信用保險
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Z4Ixgvyjh44
貿易信用保險
貿易信用保險 能 解決這個困境,出夠
口商利用貿易信用保險 :
•防止買家 欠拖 (27%)
•安心銷售予新的國際買家 (17%)
•協助開拓高風險或新興市場 (16%) ​
貿易信用保險
• 更安全的業務成長、廣泛全面的客 知戶
識
– 我們的知識幫助 挑選合適的客戶,是您 您
部信用管理內 的寶貴支持。
• 優質的風險管理
– 藉著信用保險保單, 可以更有效管控公您
司壞帳,免受相關損失影響。
• 佳的借貸和融資選擇絕
– 的銀行或借款人可能需要 提供信用保您 您
險才會核准貸款。
敬請指教 !

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《與風險管理專家面對面》 台北 2015-04-28