This document summarizes key trends and implications of biofuels in Asia. It finds that while biofuels currently make up 3% of transport demand in developing Asia, ambitious targets have been set by countries like China, India, Indonesia and others. It also examines the energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of different biofuel feedstocks and finds a range of impacts. Large-scale production of biofuels could stress water resources and impact biodiversity, but smaller decentralized systems may provide social benefits. Future priority areas identified include policy development, sustainability standards, and support for decentralized biofuel systems.