1. DIABETIC
KETOACIDOSIS
NAME MATRIC CARD NO.
MOHAMAD ZARIF MUAZ BIN D2010137494
ROSLAN
RIDWAN BIN SHAMSUDIN D20101037472

2. A doctor has ordered a series of lab tests
including:
1. Blood sugar level.
2. Ketone level.
3. Blood acidity.
4. Additional tests
1. Blood electrolyte tests
2. Urinalysis
3. Chest X-ray
4. A recording of the electrical activity of
the heart (electrocardiogram)
…..in order to confirmed Diabetic ketoacidosis
What would the tests revealed? What is
Diabetic ketoacidosis?

3. HOT
STUFF!!

4. INSULIN?? DKA??
GLUCOSE??
US??

5. DIABETIC
KETOACIDOSIS
(DKA)

6. 



7. 
 .

9. Without insulin from the pancreas, glucose from food
DKA is unable to be processed by the body.
Without glucose for energy, the body The liver produces more
breakdown fat. Ketones are the by glucose to feed the body , but
product of fat metabolism and build up in without insulin, the glucose
the bloodstream. This can be fatal that accumulates in the
causing heart rhythm abnormalities. bloodstream.
The kidney utilize water to
Ketones and glucose are transferred into empty the bloodstream of
urine excess glucose and ketones.
Water is lost along with excess glucose and ketones. The lose of
water leads to dehydration, which worsens the ketoacidosis in a
vicious cycle and causes low blood pressure and shocks.

10.  When our  When we have
body breaks excess ketones in
down fat and our blood, our
protein for blood will become
 Blood sugar level will acidic (acidosis).
energy, toxic
rise (hyperglycemia). This can
acids known as
 As your body breaks damage organs
ketones will throughout your
down fat and protein for
enter our body.
energy, your blood sugar
bloodstream.
level will continue to rise.

11. 




12. 
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

13. 
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14. 
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15.  
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17. FIND
INSULIN FATTY ACIDS
ANOTHER
PROBLEMS USED
SOURCE
KETONES
GET DKA
PRODUCED

18. • Insulin
– Not enough of them
– Insulin from body cannot be synthesized
• Another sources
– Body will used amino acids, fats and lipid as
sources
• Fatty acid used
– Ketone will produce from oxidation process
– Increase blood acidity in our body
– known as ketonemia

19. WHY MUST
KETOACIDOSIS??

20. What is ketones??
• Three water-soluble compounds that are
produced as by-products when fatty acids are
broken down for energy in the liver.
• acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta-
hydroxybutyric acid.
• Smell of acetone in breath is a common
feature in ketosis.
• Ketosis is a state of elevated levels of ketone
bodies in the body.

21. WHY MUST
DIABETIC??

22. The resulting
increase in blood
The body shifts sugar
from its normal occurs, because This will lead
fed metabolism insulin is the person to
by using fat for unavailable to get diabetes.
fuel transport sugar
into cells for
future use.

23. SYMPTOMS

25. TREATMENT

26. • receive fluids either orally or through a vein (intravenously) until you're
rehydrated. The fluids will replace those you've lost through excessive
Fluid urination, as well as help dilute the excess sugar in your blood.
replacement
• Electrolytes are minerals in your blood that carry an electric charge,
such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The absence of insulin can
lower the level of several electrolytes in your blood. You'll receive
Electrolyte electrolytes through your veins to help keep your heart, muscles and
replacement nerve cells functioning normally.
• Insulin reverses the processes that cause diabetic ketoacidosis. Along
with fluids and electrolytes, you'll receive insulin therapy usually
through a vein. When your blood sugar level falls below 240 mg/dL and
Insulin your blood is no longer acidic, you may be able to stop intravenous
therapy insulin therapy and resume your normal insulin therapy.