Presentation given for my English for Academic Purposes class, giving a general overview of my research.

1. The Potential for Isotope and Chemical Markers to Differentiate between Sources of Nitrate Contamination in Surface Waters. Monday, 28 th March, 2011

2. What does this mean?

4. Nitrate is all around us

5. Importance of NSD Methemoglobinemia Cancer EU WHO Polluter Pays Principle Effective Remediation Eutrophication Fish Kills

6. Ways to Achieve NSD

9. Stable Isotopes & Nitrate Heavy Isotope Light Isotope 15 N 14 N 18 O 17 O 16 O

10. N Isotopic Fractionation (Townsend 2008)

11. N Isotopic Fractionation (Townsend 2008)

12. N Isotopic Fractionation (Townsend 2008) Preferential loss of 14 N as gas. Residual nitrate ↑ 15 N Nitrate Denitrification Nitrogen Gases

13. N Isotopic Fractionation (Townsend 2008)

15. The Dual Isotope Approach (Kendall 1998)

18. Use of Chemical Markers

19. Project Plan A multi-residue SPE-LC-MS-MS Method Database of isotope and chemical markers in Ireland Model for nitrate source differentiation

22. Thank you!