1. EBM or cases or both? Tom Jefferson Cochrane Ari Group , Cochrane Vaccines Field etc Jefferson.tomail.com Thanks to Dr Massimo Arlotti, Sebastiano Leone, Fabio Franzetti, Evangelo Boumis, Angelo Pan Celebrating case reports and stories in health care

4. Celebrating case reports and stories in health care Repeated observation across different contexts Induction Theories and general principles Deduction Conclusions and explanations The arch of knowledge

7. Infective endocarditis (Dr Boumis) Celebrating case reports and stories in health care Reporting variable No missing / 19 reports Age 1 Comorbidities/risk factors 1 Symptom duration 3 Symptom descr 4 Physical examination findings 7 Imaging data 3 Lab data 13 Which valve involved 1 Agente sensitivity (MIC) 2 Antibiotic dosage 11 Antibiotic tx duration 6 Outcome description 4 Follow up duration 5

9. Tom Jefferson B eware of red herrings How to read and listen to scientific items - Bufala spotting Case report quick assessment NO Is the topic of interest? YES Is presentation clear? YES NO Is the narrative logical? NO YES Is there a a declaration of conflicts? NO YES Is the sponsor identifiable? NO YES Can you reproduce the pathway? YES NO Are off-lables used Are there ethical Problems? No Yes