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PODEMOS
MELHORAR
A VIDA?
Carlos Oliveira Santos
Universidade de Lisboa
cos@fa.utl.pt
www.marketingsocialportugal.net
LIBERDADE
DEMOCRACIA
CULTURA CÍVICA
Friedrich Hayek Karl Popper
CONSTRUTIVISMO
ENGENHARIA SOCIAL
LEGITIMIDADE
acções, públicas ou privadas,
que visem,
numa sociedade livre,
a construção, deliberada
e mais ou menos centralizada,
desta, com base em propósitos
objectivos e processos
racionais
«The trend of economic
thinking» (Hayek, 1933)
Collectivist Economic Planning
(Hayek et al., 1935)
«The errors of constructivism»
(Hayek, 1970/
FRIEDRICH HAYEK
Ludwig von Mises
«The trend of economic
thinking» (Hayek, 1933)
Collectivist Economic Planning
(Hayek et al., 1935)
«The errors of constructivism»
(Hayek, 1970/
FRIEDRICH HAYEK
«numa sociedade que pretenda preservar a
livre escolha do consumidor e a livre escolha
de iniciativas, a direcção centralizada de
todas as actividades económicas suscita
uma tarefa que não pode ser resolvida
racionalmente, de acordo com as
complexas condições da vida moderna.»
1935
London School of Economics
The Poverty of Historicism
(Popper, 1957)
KARL POPPER
piecemeal social
engineering
KARL POPPER
«Uso o termo piecemeal social engineering
para descrever a aplicação prática da
engenharia piecemeal. O termo é útil porque
há necessidade de um que se aplique às
actividades sociais, tanto privadas como
públicas, as quais, no sentido de concretizar
algum propósito ou fim, utilizam
conscientemente todo o conhecimento
tecnológico disponível.»
«O engenheiro passo-a-passo sabe, como
Sócrates, o pouco que sabe. Que podemos
aprender com os nossos erros. E, assim
sendo, fará o seu caminho, passo a passo,
comparando cuidadosamente os resultados
esperados com os obtidos, e sempre à
espera de inesperadas consequências de
qualquer reforma, evitando encetar reformas
com uma complexidade e dimensão tais
que lhe tornem impossível relacionar causas
e efeitos, e saber o que está de facto a
fazer.»
PROBLEMAS
SOCIAIS
Acidentes
rodoviários
Acidentes
rodoviários
Núcleo de Investigação de Acidentes
Rodoviários
Instituto Superior Técnico
2004 1294 mortos
+ 735 que Suécia
Acidentes
rodoviários
Núcleo de Investigação de Acidentes
Rodoviários
Instituto Superior Técnico
2004 1294 mortos
+ 735 que Suécia
+ 7350 mortos/10 anos
Acidentes
rodoviários
+ 7350 mortos
ETSC (European Transport Safety Council)
3.6 milhões de euros por vítima mortal
Acidentes
rodoviários
+ 7350 mortos
26 460 milhões euros
Abandono
Escolar
precoce
Abandono
Escolar
precoce
Cancro
de mama
Cancro
de mama
4500 novos casos/ano
morrem 4 mulheres/dia
Liga Portuguesa contra o Cancro
Cancro
de mama
desde 1986
1.600.000 mamografias
detectados cerca de
2.200 cancros
Liga Portuguesa contra o Cancro
Cancro
de mama
Rastreio Região Sul
90 mil mulheres convocadas
50 mil compareceram (55%)
Instituto Português de Oncologia
PROBLEMAS
SOCIAIS
PROBLEMAS
SOCIAIS
EDUCAÇÃO
TECNOLOGIA
POLÍTICAS
PÚBLICAS
PERSUASÃO/
COMUNICAÇÃO
LEGISLAÇÃO
…
MARKETING
???
MARKETING
MARKETING
MERCADOS
População mundial
Produção mundial
2012 7162 71707
Fontes: Kremer (1993); Neves (1997); Lucas (2002); IMF (2014); UN (2014)
2013 7162 75 592
MARKETING
MacLaran, P., Saren, M., Stern, B. & Tadajewski, M. (eds) (2010).
The Sage Handbook of Marketing Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
INICIAISMODERNAS
ESCOLAS ALGUMAS REFERÊNCIAS
Escola das funções do marketing
(marketing functions school)
Escola das mercadorias
(commodity school)
Escola institucional
(institutional school)
Escola de comércio inter-regional
(interregional trade school)
Escola dos sistemas de marketing
(marketing systems school)
Escola de gestão de marketing
(marketing management school)
Escola de comportamentosdos
consumidores
(consumer behaviour school)
Escola das trocas
(exchange school)
Escola do macromarketing
(macromarketing school)
Escola do marketing crítico
(critical marketing school)
Shaw (1912), Weld (1917), Clark (1922),
Ryan (1935), Converse (1945)
Parlin (1915), Shaw (1916), Cherington (1920), Copeland
(1924), Breyer (1931)
Nystrom (1915), Weld (1916), Butler & Swinney (1918),
Duncan (1920), Clark (1922), Beckman (1927)
Reilly (1931), Converse (1949), Grether (1950)
Alderson (1957; 1965), Boddewyn (1966), Fisk (1967),
Dixon (1967), Bucklin (1970), Lazer (1971)
Keith (1960), Smith (1956), Wasson (1960), McCarthy
(1960), Borden (1964), Kotler (1967), Ries & Trout (1980)
Engel et al. (1968), Howard & Sheth (1969), Zaltman et al.
(1973), Hunt (1976), Zaltman (2003), Zaltman & Zaltman
(2008)
Alderson & Miles (1965), Alderson (1965), Kotler (1972),
Bagozzi (1974; 1975; 1978; 2010)
Slater (1977), Firat et al. (1987), Brownlie et al. (1999),
Murray & Ozanne (1991), Firat & Tadajewski (2010),
Saren (2011)
Fontes: Shaw et al. (2010) e Jones et al. (2010)Shaw, E. H., Jones, D. G. B. & McLean, P. A. (2010). «The early schools of marketing thought» . In MacLaran, P. et al. (eds), pp. 27-41.
Jones, D. G. B., Shaw, E. H. & McLean, P. A. (2010). «The modern schools of marketing thought». In MacLaran, P. et. al. (eds), pp. 42-58.
INICIAIS
ESCOLAS
Escola das funções do marketing
(marketing functions school)
Escola das mercadorias
(commodity school)
Escola institucional
(institutional school)
Escola de comércio inter-regional
(interregional trade school)
Escola dos sistemas de marketing
(marketing systems school)
Sh
Ry
Pa
(19
Ny
Du
Re
Al
Di
Fontes: Shaw et al. (2010) e Jones et al. (2010)
MODERNAS
(interregional trade school)
Escola dos sistemas de marketing
(marketing systems school)
Escola de gestão de marketing
(marketing management school)
Escola de comportamentosdos
consumidores
(consumer behaviour school)
Escola das trocas
(exchange school)
Escola do macromarketing
(macromarketing school)
Escola do marketing crítico
(critical marketing school)
Alderson (1957; 1965)
Dixon (1967), Bucklin
Keith (1960), Smith (1
(1960), Borden (1964)
Engel et al. (1968), Ho
(1973), Hunt (1976), Z
(2008)
Alderson & Miles (196
Bagozzi (1974; 1975; 1
Slater (1977), Firat et a
Murray & Ozanne (19
Saren (2011)
Fontes: Shaw et al. (2010) e Jones et al. (2010)
CONCEITO MARKETING
Orientação para o
consumidor
CONCEITO MARKETING
Produtor Consumidor
Produtor Consumidor
RELAÇÃO
CONCEITO MARKETING
Troca
Exchange
CONCEITO MARKETING
Troca
Benefícios
mútuos
Exchange
ANÁLISE
INTERNA
ANÁLISE
EXTERNA
FUNDAÇÃO
MISSÃO
CULTURA
CAPACIDADES
CONSUMIDORES
CONCORRENTES
OPORTUNIDADES
DEFINIÇÃO
OBJECTIVOS
ALVOS
SEGMENTAÇÃO
BENEFÍCIOS
POSICIONAMENTO
METAS
ACÇÕESSERVIÇOSPRODUTOS
PREÇOS
ACESSO
COMUNICAÇÃO
TESTES
ACÇÃO
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO
CONTROLO
AVALIAÇÃO
MARCA
PROCESSAMENTO
ESTRATÉGICO DE
MARKETING
COCRIAÇÃO
MARKETING
SOCIAL
Wiebe, G. D. (1951-1952).
«Merchandising
commodities and
citizenship on television».
Public Opinion Quarterly,
15 (Winter), pp. 679-691.
Kotler, P. & Levy, S. J.
(1969).
«Broadening the concept
of marketing».
Journal of Marketing,
33 (January), pp. 10-15.
Philip
Kotler
1971
Gerald
Zaltman
Kotler, P. & Zaltman, G. (1971).
«Social marketing: an
approach to planned
social change».
Journal of Marketing,
35 (July), pp. 3-12.
MARKETING
SOCIAL
CANADÁ
1974
Lalonde Report
1981
Health Canada Social
Marketing Division
NOVA ZELÂNDIA
1990
Health Sponsorship
Council
USA
2003
Futures Initiative
National Center for
Health Marketing
INGLATERRA
2004
Choosing Health
National
Social Marketing Strategy
National Social Marketing
Centre
PESQUISA
2012
Acidentes rodoviários
76 % dentro das localidades
65 % dos feridos graves
número de mortos nas
estradas municipais
+22 %
Relatório Anual de Sinistralidade Rodoviária
Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Rodoviária (ANSR)
SEGMENTAÇÃO
POSICIONAMENTO
TARGETING
PRODUTOS
SERVIÇOS
BRANDING
PREÇO
DISTRIBUIÇÃO
ACESSO
COMUNICAÇÃO
CO-CRIAR
AVALIAR
CORRIGIR
MELHORAR
1. Conhecer os problemas e as pessoas
2. Pesquisar
3. Segmentar
4. Adoptar um bom posicionamento
5. Definir objectivos específicos
6. Considerar os benefícios e as barreiras
7. Criar bons produtos/serviços/acções
8. Construir um bom branding
9. Considerar os preços
10. Assegurar o acesso das pessoas aos
produtos/serviços/acções
11. Comunicar numa perspectiva
estratégica, aberta e participada
12. Ser persistente e avaliar os resultados
12 DICAS PARA O SEU TRABALHO
http://marketingsocialportugal.net/
http://marketingsocialportugal.net/
Carlos Oliveira Santos
University of Lisbon – Portugal
cos@fa.utl.pt
costerra1953@gmail.com
www.marketingsocialportugal.net
Facebook Mudança Social/Marketing Social
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mudan%C3%A7a-SocialMarketing-Social/172510929470160
Obrigado.
Um abraço a todos.

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