1. Presentation by: Prof. Elijah K. Biamah,
Environmental and Water Systems Engineer and Chairman/Head of
Department of Environmental & Biosystems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya
November 22, 2010

2.  Sustaining water availability a challenge and
opportunity for communities in ACP countries..
 Water quality and availability Vs population growth
and expanding economies.
 Focus of ACP countries:
o Equitable distribution of water within society
o Preservation and protection of water quality,
o Ensure adequate water supplies
o Preservation of the environment.
 Key drivers of change: demographic, technological,
social, environmental and governance.

3. End of 20th Century Predicted change: End of
21st Century
Less than 400mm
400-1000 mm
More than 1000 mm
End of 20th Century
Drop by 10-20%
Drop by up to 10%
Increase by up to 10%
Increase by 10-20%

4.  Livestock deaths in 2009
 Soil erosion and land degradation
 Flash floods displacing families
 Crop failure due to drought
 Domestic water shortage
 Vegetation degradation and loss
of biodiversity

5.  Emerging land use changes due to a shrinking resource
base.
 Comprehensive water policy and legislation – water
sector reforms
 Impacts of climate change – excessive water flows and
flooding
 Effects of human activities – drought and desertification
 Future water requirements – influenced by climate,
economy and standards of living

6.  Understanding Indicators of Agricultural Drought.
 Choice of Suitable Conservation Techniques.
 Adoption of Appropriate Techniques for Rainwater
Conservation.
 Application of Technologies for Conservation Agriculture
 Soil and water management technologies
 Use of stable ecosystem management techniques
 Use of agroforestry for water conservation
 Land use planning and conservation practices
 Soil fertility management techniques

7.  Adoption of Appropriate Land Use Policy
 Focus on Smallholder Conservation Agriculture
 Integrated Water Resources Management Policy
 Promotion of Public and Private Partnerships
 Adoption of International Land and Water Initiatives
 Adequate Legislative and Regulatory Interventions

8.  Proper Water Resource Planning.
 Adaptation of Water Resources
Management strategies to cope with
climate change.
 Response to Key Drivers of Change.
 Integrated Watershed Management
Approach
 Rainwater Harvesting and
Conservation Technologies for
Agriculture
 Technologies for Drip Irrigated
Agriculture

9.  Coordination of cross-sectoral water services
 Incorporation of land use and watershed management in national
water management strategies.
 Promotion of rainwater harvesting technologies for increasing
agricultural production..
 Rehabilitation of inefficient water systems, reduction in wastage
and unaccounted for water, recycling and reuse of water.
 Use innovative water technologies like water harvesting, water
recycling and desalinization.
 Water transfer facilities to move water from surplus to deficit
areas

10.  The formulation and enforcement of appropriate policies and
legislation
 Capacity building in project identification, preparation,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
 Involvement of local communities in the conservation and
management of the environment and water
 Management of land and water as finite resources and on the co-
ordination and integration of water, land-use, and population
policies for sustainable development.

11. THANK YOU!