1. Harbour logistics and Cruise
Tourism
Helena Rantanen, 19.4.2013 Seia
www.turkuamk.fi

2. www.turkuamk.fi
What is
logistics?
Manageing and developing
materials-, information and
capital flows
transportation
warehousing
purchasing etc.

3. www.turkuamk.fi
Contents
1. Port organisations
2. Cruise industry
3. The cruise tourism system
4. Analysis of attractors
5. Criterias for choosing a base port
6. Biggest base ports for cruises and
largest cruise ships
7. Definition of cruise services provided
8. Interest groups at the port
9. Conclusions

4. www.turkuamk.fi
Turku harbour

5. www.turkuamk.fi
“Welcome to Turku - a small and attractive cruise
destination
Cruise tourism continues to be the fastest growing business in the global tourist
industry. Cruise lines are constantly seeking new destinations with something special
to offer and this is exactly what Turku has. Although fairly new on the Baltic cruise map
Turku is an old city - the oldest in Finland (783 years in 2012) and the first capital until
1812. Situated on the south-western coast and surrounded by a beautiful archipelago
with some 20,000 islands and islets it is a hidden gem to be discovered.
In 2011 Turku had seven cruise calls making three records. A record number of cruise
passengers - 5456 in total; a record long season when Boudicca called in early October
and a record large cruise vessel in Turku when Artania (231 metres) called in August and
September. The assets of Turku as a cruise destination are the unique archipelago,
clean nature, safety, access almost to the city centre by cruise ships, combination of old
and new, and a wide variety of shore excursions and activities.
Turku Cruise Port is a member of Cruise Europe and a founder member of
the successful Cruise Baltic.”

6. www.turkuamk.fi
Cruise Europe
” Cruise Europe is a unique and
diverse grouping of Ports in
northern Europe that was formed
into an association in 1991 and
today represents a membership of
over 100 ports within four
geographical regions, namely
The Baltic
United Kingdom & Ireland
Norway, Iceland & Faroe Islands
Europe West Coast
The vision: To be acknowledged as
“The most attractive cruise area in the world”.
(www.cruiseeurope.com)

7. www.turkuamk.fi
Cruise Baltic
MedCruise
- a grouping of ports around the Baltic Sea
- 25 destinations in Norway, Denmark,
Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia,
Finland and Sweden
- ”10 countries on a string”
(www.cruisebaltic.com)
- Association of Mediterranean Cruise Ports.
- mission is to promote the cruise industry in
the Mediterranean and its adjoining seas
- 70 members representing more than 100
ports around the Mediterranean region,
including the Black Sea, the Red Sea and
the Near Atlantic (www.medcruise.com)

8. www.turkuamk.fi
Port information, examples (Cruise Europe)
Helsinki
http://www.cruiseeurope.com/handbook
Lisbon

9. www.turkuamk.fi
Cruise Europe Guide – Port Handbook
Helsinki:
Nautical Data:
Max. Draught (m): 10.8
Max. Air draught (m): no
restrictions
Anchorage Available: yes
Anchorage Compulsory: no
Pilotage Compulsory: yes
Tugs Available: yes
Tidal Movement/Range: max.
1,5m/min - 0,9m
Ship Stay Minimum (hrs): no limit
Ship Stay Maximum (hrs): no limit
Ship Stay Preferred (hrs): n/a
Lisbon:
Nautical Data:
Max. Length For Berth (m): no
restrictions
Max. Draught (m): 12
Max. Air draught (m): 70
Anchorage Available: yes
Anchorage Compulsory: no
Ship Tenders Allowed: yes
Pilotage Compulsory: yes
Tugs Available: yes
Tidal Movement/Range: 4 (m)
Ship Stay Minimum (hrs): 0
Ship Stay Maximum (hrs): 0
Ship Stay Preferred (hrs): n/a

10. www.turkuamk.fi
Cruise Industry
• A ”cruise” is a sea voyage taken for pleasure
• Cruise industry is dominated by three
companies
• Carnival
• Royal Caribbean
• Norwegian Cruise Line
”I must go down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide
Is a wild call and a clear call that may not be denied” (John Masefield)

11. www.turkuamk.fi
Cruise Industry
• 85 % of the world’s cruise-line passengers
come from North America, the UK, Germany,
France, Italy and Spain
• International in scope
• in 2013 about 21 million people will cruise; 67
% of those come from North America
• ”The outlook for 2013 would suggest that the
market is just about to turn; 2011 and 2012
were difficult years, but there is
some evidence now that the market is
slowly turning,” summarizes Peter Wild,
Director at G.P. Wild (International), the
British consultancy firm
(www.cruisebusiness.com)

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The cruise tourism system (after Davidson and Maitland)
Generating
region
Generating
region
The cruise ship
as a
destination
The cruise ship
as a
destination
InformationInformation
The tour
Destination
regions
Information
The place the tourists come from (variety of
”push” factors)
The key destination can be
interpreted as being the ship
itself

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What makes a good port of call?
 Ports of call, or destinations offer a mix of elements
 Cruise ships are businesses that rely on customer satisfaction
 Passenger feedback suggests that ports should be interesting,
culturally simulating, safe and nonthreatening, friendly,
accessible and user friendly
 Ports of call derive considerable income from cruise ships and
popular destinations sell themselves aggressively in order to
attract cruise tourism
 Marketers use a variety of marketing communications (trade
magazines, direct selling) and forums (trade shows and
conferences) to sell the benefits of destination ports

14. www.turkuamk.fi
“For nearly 30 years, Cruise Shipping Miami has been the
leading international exhibition and conference serving the
cruise industry by bringing together buyers and suppliers
for a week of networking, sourcing, and education. No other
cruise event attracts such a broad range of industry players,
with more than 1,800 cruise line owners and operators from
66 companies in attendance in 2012.
As an exhibitor at Cruise Shipping Miami 2013, March 11-14,
you will have the opportunity to showcase your products
and services to the influential buyers and decision makers
that attend each year. As an attendee at Cruise Shipping
Miami 2013, you will have access to our highly regarded
educational conference program, gain admission to the
tradeshow floor covering all sectors of the international
cruise industry, and be invited to a wide variety of
networking and social events!”
http://www.cruiseshippin

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The category of
ports
1) Main/base ports
- ideal locations for ship
maintenance and providing
basic and essential supplies
2) Secondary ports
- have a greater turist appeal
(culture, beach, leisure, fashion,
shopping etc.)

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Criterias for
choosing a base
port
1) Commercial aspect
- potential client profitability
- quality offered by the port
- existing competition in the area
- available sales network
- prices

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Criterias for
choosing a base
port:
2) Logistics
- technical conditions/facilities (terminals,
depth of water, dock length, dock width,
supplying the ship without disturbing the
passengers)
- port services (navigarion, ship on tow)
- saturation level of docking berths
- proximity to other secondary ports
- tourist services and leisure facilities in the city
and its surroundings
- accessibility to other modes of transport (intern.
airport, rail links etc.)
- possibilities of provisioning and supplying fuel
- political and religious holidays, opening times of
museums and city attractions in each city visited

18. www.turkuamk.fi
Criterias for
choosing a base
port: 3) Target customers’ wishes
- preferences of on-board passengers
- preferences of on-land passengers
(turist attractions etc.)
- market potential of local passengers
(purchasing power, size of demand)
- security matters (physical security and
political stability)

19. www.turkuamk.fi
Analysis of attractors (analysis of port advertisements
in Cruise International)
Unique experiences
• average 10,75 metres ( 35 ft.)
water at low tide
• sheltered berths
• gateway port with easy access
to destinations
• port an attraction itself
• duty free
• professional service
• island port with diversity of
attractions
• sightseeing tours/shore excursions
• exciting nightlife
Heart of the city location
• shopping
• capacity for megacruise ships
• comfortable, efficient and secure
• warehousing space (storage,
stores and baggage handling)
• panoramic views
• international airport nearby
• perfect weather year round/warm
weather destination
• cultural and historical treasures
• water sports and land sports

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Cruise awards 2012
http://www.seatrade-
insider.com/awards/
Port of the Year (a port authority/port
management co) which has made significant
improvements to its handling facilities/cruise-
tourism infrastructure over the past 12
Months
Heraklion Port
Destination of the year: Scotland
Supplier of the year: DeCrutis Corporation
A company who has provided an exceptional
service, product or innovation to cruise lines.
Mobile Assembly Suite (MAS) represents the
leading technology solution available for e-
mustering - software that is designed to
support the emergency evacuation of ship
passengers and crew

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Biggest base ports for cruises
• Port of Miami
- known as the ”Cruise Capital of the World”
- was hosting over 4 million cruise passenger in 2011
(more than any other cruise port in the world)
- also a big port for cargo (offers services to nearly two
dozen of the world’s leading cargo lines
- 13 cruise brands, berthing 27 ships
- 7 cruise terminals
- departure destination of choice for
cruises to the Bahamas,
the Caribbean, Mexico etc.
(http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/home.asp)

22. www.turkuamk.fi
Port of Miami
“Seven cruise terminals, some of the
most modern in the world, are
designed to quickly move passengers
from land to sea. Drive-in passengers
can opt for convenient on-port parking
with special arrangements for travelers
with disabilities. For those arriving by
taxi, shuttle bus or limousine, drop off
is directly in front of each terminal and
entryways are designed for a quick and
easy check-in and boarding process.”

23. www.turkuamk.fi
Biggest base ports for cruises
• Port Everglades, Florida
”Port Everglades is propelling toward the No. 1 position of world’s
busiest cruise port (www.porteverglades.net)
- Has largest single ship cruise terminal in the world
- On March 20, 2010 set a world record with 53,365 cruise guests
sailing in and out of the Port in a single day
- also a big port for cargo (12th
among U.S. seaports for international
containerized cargo in 2010)
The world’s largest and
most revolutionary cruise
ship, Royal Caribbean
International’s Oasis of the
Seas, arrives at her new
home in Port Everglades.

24. www.turkuamk.fi
Largest cruise ships 2012 (according to tonnage)
1) MS Allure of the Seas (2010)
- is owned by the Royal Caribbean
International
- 220 900 tons
- operates on the Caribbean route
between Fort Lauderdale in Florida and
the Caribbean seas
- passenger carrying capacity of 5400
- 2,700 rooms and 16 decks
- stands 72 m tall with a 360 m length
- was built at STX Europe shipyard, Turku,
Finland

25. www.turkuamk.fi
Largest cruise ships 2012
2) MS Oasis of the Seas (2009)
- price about 900 MEUR
- 220 900 tons
- stands 65 m tall with 360 m length and 47 m width
- passenger carrying capacity of 5400
- 2700 rooms
- all the water that is needed at the ship is produced
in the waterworks on board
- they produce 4,1 million liters/day (originally
seawater); 50 tons of it is freezed for icecubes
- 1/3 of the revenues come from tickets, 1/3 from
arcade (450 gaming consoles) and 1/3 from other
income
What happens behind the scenes:
http://www.oasisoftheseas.com/video.php?ship=allure

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Oasis of the Seas (height 72 m), passes
underneath the Big Belt bridge
(height 65 m).

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Largest cruise
ships 2012
3) Norwegian Epic (2010)
~ 160 000 tons
http://www.royalcaribbean.com/ourCompany/ourHistory.d

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Two ways to describe activities at the port:
1) Definition of main services provided
 A port call by a cruise ship requires the provision of logistical, tourist
and commercial services
1) Port services:
a) technical assistance provided for the cruise ship
 the approach of the ship to the port involves the participation of
three different categories of professionals, providing services in
a) navigation, b) ship on tow and 3) docking
- after the ship is secured (docked or anchored), it falls under the
remit of the shipping agent
b) welcoming cruise passengers
 portrays the image of the port and the city, is provided jointly
by the port authority, the dock services provider and the local
council (welcoming parties, fireworks, receptions etc.)

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Definition of main services provided
2) On-land logistics:
- transporting cruise passengers
- international connections
- accomodation offers
3) Tourist activities:
- sightseeing and excursion programmes
- restaurants in ports of call
- on-land shopping
4) Other services and suppliers:
- service providers

31. www.turkuamk.fi
Port services - provided by the Porth Authority
- tariffs vary depending on ship tonnage and
number of cruise passengers
- practical service
- the ship on tow service (used less)
- boat sevice for anchored cruise ships
- http://www.portofturku.fi/portal/en/charges/
“The ship fee for a passenger ship in cruiser
traffic that visits the harbour without collecting
or leaving passengers is reduced by 50 per
cent if the ship is brought to a berth, and by
75 per cent if it anchors in the outer harbour.
The minimum fee is 135.00 €”

32. www.turkuamk.fi
Shipping agent
”A person or company whose business is to
prepare shipping documents, arrange
shipping space and insurance, and deal
with customs requirements” (World English
Dictionary)
- logistics in cruise-line industry:
- example:
Kuehne+Nagel :
http://www.kn-portal.com/industry/marine_logistics/cruise_line_solutions

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2) Interest Groups at the Port
1) Port organisations
- port facilities
- port owners (communes, private owners
etc.)
- port operations (stevedoring movements)

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Interest Groups at the Port
2) Service providers
- ship clearance(documents needed, contacts to
port personell and stevedoring etc.)
- shipping agent (represent the senders or
recipients of the goods)
- provisioning
- forms part of the ship’s general supplies along with
the
supply of parts, oil and grease for main and back-up
engines, food provisions for the on-board restaurants
and catering, supplies for stores, drinking water,
offload waste
- fuel supply
- maintenance and repairs
- tow, pilotage
- sailor service and missions to seamen

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Interest Groups at the Port
3) Port customers
- shipping companies (Royal Caribbean etc.)
- shippers
- land transport companies (on-land logistics)
4) Port authorities
- shipping (port services)
- customs
- police
- environment

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Conclusions
- ports are eager to participate to cruise-
line industry and they are members in
different organizations related to cruise-
line industry
- ports are actively marketing in various
ways and in various forums
- the feedback of the customers (cruise
passengers) is important when
companies select the ports of call
- there are ”visible” logistics services;
services for passengers, like sightseeing
tours etc, but also ”non-visible” services,
like offload waste, food supplies etc.

37. www.turkuamk.fi
Thank you! – Kiitos!