The document discusses basic genetics concepts including: - Gregor Mendel studied heredity through pea plant experiments in the 1800s. - Mendel observed that traits separated and recombined when parent plants differing in one trait were crossed. - Terms like dominant, recessive, genotype and phenotype were introduced to explain his findings. - The Punnett square was developed as a tool to predict potential offspring of crosses.

1. Genetics the study of heredity

9. Step 3: Set up the punnett square with one parent on each side Step 4: Fill out the punnett square middle G g g g gg gg gg gg Gg G g G g G g g g g g g g Gg Gg gg gg Gg G g g g

11. Practice-Monohybrid Crosses Cross an individual with blue eyes with an individual with homozygous brown eyes. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). Phenotypes: Genotypes: B B b b

12. Cross an individual with blue eyes with an individual with homozygous brown eyes. Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b). Phenotypes: All Brown Eyes Genotypes: All Bb B B b Bb Bb b Bb Bb

13. Practice-Monohybrid Crosses A child is diagnosed with a recessive genetic disease. Neither parent has the disease. What are the genotypes of the parents? Phenotypes: Genotypes: N ? ? nn N

14. A child is diagnosed with a recessive genetic disease. Neither parent has the disease. What are the genotypes of the parents? Genotypes of the parents are Nn N n n Nn nn N NN nn

20. Practice: Cross a Type AB with a Type O. AB x OO A B O AO BO O AO BO 1. Set up punnett square with one parent on each side 2. Fill out the punnett square middle What are the possible blood types of the four offspring? Genotype Blood Type 2 AO 2 Type A 2 BO 2 Type B