Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Assessing livelihood piloting experiences associated with hydropower development
1. Assessing livelihood piloting
experiences associated with
hydropower development: key
outcomes and broad lessons learned
Presenter: Olivier Joffre
Contributors: Olivier Joffre, Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Tran
Duc Toan, Nguyen Duy Phuong, Bounthanom Bouahom,
Anousith Keophoxay, Mith Samonn, Sovannara Khean, Mak
Soeun, Nireka Weeratunge Starkloff and Jharendu Pant
21 November 2013
Hanoi CPWF Forum
2. Take Home Messages
In case of newly introduced technology, communities will
require more than a one year trial to continue and adopt the
technology
2
Modified environment provide also new opportunities like :
drawdown area, irrigation, integration of aquaculture
A combination of having good relations with the private
sector or government authorities and credible research
results can lead to gaining support for the piloting of
livelihood-enhancement activities in relation to sustainable
hydropower development.
3. Outline of Presentation
Study Sites
Key Finding of Broad scale survey
Vietnam Pilot – use of drawdown area of Yali
reservoir
Lao PDR Pilot – Integrated rice-fish culture in
resettled community
Cambodia Pilot – Integrated Farming System
Approach
Conclusion
3
4. Sites CPWF Mekong Project are focusing on
Theun
Hinboun
Expansion,
Lao PDR
Yali,
Vietnam
Lower Se
San 2,
Cambodia
5. Learning from the broad scale and
household level surveys
5
Site specific livelihood strategies with community (i) already
resettled, (ii) in the process and (iii) not yet resettled
Wide spectrum of situation with communities dependent on
natural resources in Lao PDR and Cambodia and more
market oriented livelihood in Vietnam
Objectives of pilots: diversified livelihood activities using the
new environmental condition created by the hydropower
development
Pilots implemented with local authorities in Cambodia and
Vietnam and Hydropower company in Lao PDR
6. Vietnam
Drawdown area of Yali
reservoir is used by
farmer to grow cassava,
but:
6
risk of flooding is high at
the end of the crop
duration on land
exposure is too short to
achieve maximum yield
with the commonly used
variety
7. Vietnam livelihood pilot – Key
outcomes
7
Introduction of a new short term
variety (KM98-7)
2012: 3 farmers – 1.5 ha – 1
commune
2013: 36 farmers – 20 ha – 2
communes
Increase yield and starch content
32 tons/ha vs 21 tons/ha
26% starch vs 21% starch
Increased net benefit over $350
USD/ha to $850 USD/ha
8. Vietnam livelihood pilot – Lessons
learned
Driver of success
Involvement of local extension
services
8
Development of
communication channels with
the Company – Water level
calendar
Development of seedling
replication system
9. Lao PDR
Context
Pilots- Rice fish Culture
9
Development of Irrigation in
resettlement site, flooded in
rainy season
Depletion of fisheries
resources caused by
hydropower development
Use the access to water for
integrated rice-fish culture
Expend the productivity of
flooded rice fields during the
rainy season
10. Lao livelihood pilot – key outcomes
15 farmers tested the pilot
10
Increase productivity of rice
fields : fish yield : 317 kg/ha
Improve protein supply for
households
Reduce time spent fishing
Synergy with other livelihood
activity: Homestead aquaculture
pond
Adoption of the technology by
most of the farmers and
development of more
aquaculture
11. Lao livelihood pilot – Lessons
learned
Diversification of livelihood
options with Integrated ricefish
Support of THPC Company –
funding the pilots and
supported the feasibility study
11
Cooperation between NAFRI,
THPC and CPWF to develop pilots
for livelihood diversification
12. Cambodia
12
Population not yet resettled and
location of resettlement, type and
nature of compensation is unknown
Fisheries and NTFP are important to
local livelihood and will be affected by
hydropower development
DAE design Integrated Farming
System (IFS) that combined different
livelihood activities to diversify
income generation and food supply
13. Cambodia livelihood pilot – key
outcomes
13
Small scale aquaculture, use of hen house
for chicken and screening technology for
vegetable production was found successful
by local communities
Reduce disease outbreak for chicken;
Income diversification with vegetable
production dry season and fish
production
Support food security with supply of fish
and vegetable
Adoption and modification of the
technology by local farmers
14. Cambodia livelihood pilot –
Lessons learned
14
Learning for the future – DAE and
Provincial Extension service will
be involved in future
resettlement activities
Technology transfer is limited
due to lack of investment
capacity and lack of adequate
land
15. Overall Conclusions
Capacity building of local staff took place as a result of the livelihood
pilots.
15
Modified environment provide also new opportunities (drawdown area,
irrigation...)
A combination of having good relations with the private sector or
government authorities and credible research results can lead to gaining
support for the piloting of livelihood-enhancement activities in relation to
sustainable hydropower development.
16. Overall Conclusions
While some technology may be easily transferable, others may require
more monitoring and training from extension services and other groups
16
In case of newly introduce technology, communities will require more
than a one year trial to continue and adopt the technology
Only certain options were trialed and tested under Mk1 (due to
budget/time constraints) – other options could also have been tested
Notas do Editor
Water for energy and livelihoods are closely interrelated. Hydropower development in particular has induced changes to local livelihoods in project areas in various ways. This presentation discusses briefly the livelihood piloting experiences associated with hydropower development drawing on case studies in the three countries of the Lower Mekong Basin: Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. Data is drawn mainly from the CPWF-Mekong project 1 on optimizing reservoir management for livelihoods.
Sites covered – Cambodia, Laos PDR and Vietnam (a combination of planned dam sites and those that are already operationalised).The Yali Falls Dam is the second largest dam in Vietnam, located in Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces on the KrongPoko, a tributary of the Se San River, in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam, about 70 kilometres upstream of the Cambodian border. The 69 metre-high dam was begun in 1993 and sealed in 1996, with the 64.5 km2 reservoir filled by 1998. It aims to generate 720 MW of hydropower.The Theun-Hinboun Expansion Project (THXP) involves a 70m high upstream dam and reservoir on the Nam Gnouang River and a new 60MW power station at the Nam Gnouang dam, 230MW expansion of the existing THPC capacity, and 150 km of 115kV and 230kV transmission lines.The THXP is scheduled to be completed in 2012 with all available electricity output from the downstream power plant (total of 440MW) will be sold to EGAT pursuant to an amended Power Purchase Agreement while the electricity from the upstream powerhouse will be sold exclusively to EdL.Lower Se San 2 Dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam on the Se San River in Se San District, Stung Treng Province, Northeastern Cambodia.
Broad scale and livelihood surveys conducted under MK1 project showed that the drawdown area is highly productive and crucialto the livelihood of local farmers, but is a risky environment for cassava cultivation due to the short duration of land exposure (7-8months) and the possibility of a sudden flood occurring at the end of the crop cycle.