CNU's New Tools for Low-Carbon/High-Performance Development - Parolek CNU 17

CNU Sustainability
Initiative:
High- Performance
Places

CNU 17
Friday June 12, 2009
Denver, Colorado

How do you get from this to high-quality places?

CNU Sustainability Initiative HIgh-Performance Places

Context Setting: Land Use Patterns (Need for
Change)
1. Land use patterns play a critical role in meeting climate challenge
2. Many additional beneﬁts of smarter land use decisions
• Environmental, ﬁscal, community sustainability
• Air quality, energy use, water use, infrastructure costs,
food ag land protection, etc.


Context Setting: Regulatory
1. Global: Kyoto and other those to follow
2. States: Setting state-wide mandates
• CA: AB 32 and SB 375-New regional and local planning
targets for green house gas reductions
3. Feds: Sharpening teeth
4. This leaves local agencies asking how to implement
• Current planning and regulatory tools have proven to be
ineffective
• System based on land use needs to be rethought


Getting Beyond a Failed System: A Place Types
Approach
1. What is missing in sustainable communities discussion: The
important role of urban design/town planning and the
components that make great places. Not just about numbers
and uses
2. How do we get beyond a land use color on a map or in a model
for predictable implementation of high quality, high-performance
places?


What is a Place Type? Dan’s
Interpretation
Sto

1. Based on physical form and Dis
Pref

character of place primarily rather
Reg
than land use Perf
bor

• Ex. Downtown, Traditional Reg

Neighborhood, etc
2. Two different kinds: Place type

k
menu
• High-performance place types

c
Performance Characteristics

• Conventional place types (low- Carbon Emissions
Transportation-related

performing) Building-related
Air Quality


Energy

Building Blocks
1. Physical Size
2. Transect Zones
3. Mix of Uses
4. Building Types
5. Thoroughfare Types
6. Integration of Transit
7. Parking Management
8. Regional Connectivity
9. Others TBD


Potential Performance Measures: Tied to Modeling
1. Carbon Emissions
2. Air Quality
3. Energy
4. Water Use
5. Public Health
6. Fiscal Impacts


“Mock Up” of Potential Content
Place Type X: Downtown Center
Transect Zones: T4-T5

Stormwater management
Building Blocks District-wide basis not site by site
Physical size parameters Preferred BMPs

p
Min. size xx acres
T6

p
xxxx
Max. size xx acres xxxx
Intensity thresholds
Regional Connectivity
Min. residential densities xx du/acre
Performs best when surrounded by a minimum of xx neigh-
Heights 2-5 stories

u
borhoods

u
Transect zones included Regional connecting streets
T4-T5
T5

Mix of Uses

- -
Commercial/Retail/Services
Min. square feet/%/or sf
Max. square feet/%/or sf
Civic/Public Uses

k k
Min. xx acres or square feet
T4

Max. xx acres or square feet
Intent Residential Uses

c
The Downtown Center Place Type provides a vibrant Min. xx acres or square feet

c
Performance Characteristics
mixed-use environment with a physical form that clearly Max. xx acres or square feet
defines the public realm (area between the buildings). Carbon Emissions
It is an appropriate location for major civic uses, profes- Other Uses
Transportation-related
sional offices, local and regionally-focused retail, and Min. xx acres or square feet Building-related
T3

urban residential. A small network of streets and blocks

o
Building Types

o
provides its framework. The environmental benefits of Air Quality
the built environment take precedence over the natural Put list of applicable types here
environment, although plentiful public spaces are pro- Necessary mix of types: “Blending”
vided through well-designed and landscaped streets and
Circulation
the appropriate inclusion of other civic spaces such as
plazas and squares. The integration of transit is a critical Put list of applicable thoroughfare types here Energy
component of the way this place type functions from Intersection density

m m
a performance standpoint. Streets should be designed
T2

Parking management program
primarily to accomodate pedestrian activity and transit;
automobile circulation should be secondary. Therefore, Max. requirements
LOS thresholds should not be used in these place types. Parking permits
Due to the intensity of development, a comprehensive Water
Metering
Parking Management Program needs to be implemented
in order for these places to function appropriately. It Notes: Max.
is important to design these place types with regional Integration of transit
context in mind, and to ensure that they do not func- Min. transit necessary
tion in isolation. This place type can overlay an existing Health
T1

Location
downtown for preservation or transformation purposes,
or can be applied to the creation of new centers in un-
developed areas. The same program and physical form
parameters apply to either condition.

CNU Climate Change Initiative: High-Performance Place Type Manual 2 CNU Climate Change Initiative: High-Performance Place Type Manual 3


Potential Applications
1. State-wide: Enabling legislation
2. Region: Framework for regional plans
3. City-wide: Framework for comprehensive plans, tie directly back
in to zoning codes if transect is the Organizing Principle


Other Applications/Interpretations


Reconnecting America’s Place Types


Sacramento, CA Blueprint Plan
RESIDENTIAL “BUILDING” TYPES NON-URBAN “LAND USE” TYPES MIXED-USE “PLACE” TYPES

A I
Rural Residential Agriculture Low-Density Mixed-Use Center or Corridor

O
• 3 acre average lot size (range is from (residential focus)
1 acre to 20 acres and above) Mix of:

PLACE
• 160 acre chip = 53 dwellings • 50% Single Family Small Lot
• 35% Attached Units (townhouses/rowhouses,

B J
Single-Family Large Lot Forest condominiums/apartments, mixed use;
1 to 3 story buildings)

Type Menu
• 8,500 square feet average lot size
(range from 3,000 square feet to • 15% Retail
5,400 square feet) • 160 acre chip = 2,024 dwelling units;
• 160 acre chip = 574 dwellings 1,020 employees

K
Open Space

C
Single-Family Small Lot (passive-use areas, no development Medium-Density Mixed-Use Center or Corridor
(residential focus)

P
allowed)
• 4,000 square feet average lot size
(range from 5400 square feet to 4,000 Mix of:
square feet) • 5% Single Family Small Lot
• 160 acre chip = 1,220 dwellings • 80% Attached Units

L
Parks (townhouses/rowhouses,
(active use for recreation)

D
condominiums/apartments, mixed use;
Attached Residential 2 to 4 story buildings)
(townhouse/rowhouse, condominium/ • 15% Retail
apartment, mixed use) (2 to 5 story
buildings) • 160 acre chip = 3,932 dwelling units; 1,020
employees
• 30 dwelling units per acre average
(range of 16 units to 100 units per acre)
• 160 acre chip = 3,840 dwelling units High-Density Mixed-Use Center or Corridor
(residential focus)

Q
RESIDENTIAL “PLACE” TYPES
Mix of:
EMPLOYMENT “BUILDING” TYPES
Medium-Density Mixed Residential • 80% Attached Units

E M
Retail Mix of: (townhouses/rowhouses,
condominiums/apartments, mixed use;
• 50 employees per acre average • 48% Single Family Large Lot 3 to 6 story buildings)
(1 to 2 story buildings)
• 30% Single Family Small Lot • 5% Retail
• 160 acre chip = 6,800 employees
• 12% Attached Units • 15% Office
(townhouses/rowhouses,

F
condominiums/apartments, mixed use) • 160 acre chip = 6,116 dwelling units;
Office 3,400 employees
• 150 employees per acre average • 10% Retail
(2 to 10 story buildings, average • 160 acre chip = 1,045 dwelling units;
4 stories) 680 employees Employment Focus Mixed-Use Center
or Corridor

R
Mix of:
High-Density Mixed Residential

G
• 20% Attached Units
Industrial

N
Mix of (townhouses/rowhouses,
• 20 employees per acre average • 15% Single Family Large Lot condominiums/apartments, mixed use;
(1 story buildings) 3 to 6 story buildings)
• 45% Single Family Small Lot
Sacramento Area • 160 acre chip = 2,720 employees • 30% Retail
• 25% Attached Units
Council of • 50% Office
Governments (townhouses/rowhouses,

H
Public/Quasi-Public condominiums/apartments, mixed use) • 160 acre chip = 876 dwelling units;
(schools, government office buildings, • 15% Retail 12,240 employees
churches)
• 160 acre chip = 1,475 dwelling units; 1,020
• 20 employees per acre average employees
(1 to 3 story buildings typical)

Valley Vision


University of British Columbia


Chris Leinberger: “Footloose and Fancy Free”
1. Downtown
2. Downtown Adjacent
3. Suburban Town Center
4. Suburban Redevelopment
5. Greenﬁeld


Smart Code Module

PLACE TYPES
SMARTCODE MODULE
EDITED BY D U A N Y P L A T E R -Z Y B E R K & C O . FROM THE

SMART GROWTH STRATEGY REGIONAL LIVABILITY FOOTPRINT PROJECT

_____________________________________________

Architectural codes must give buildings a sense of place,
of climate, of history, and of limits.

Doug Kelbaugh


Role for New Urbanists
1. New Urbanists experience in creating such high quality, high-
performance places is unmatched
• We understand the details and components of place
• We bring a multi-disciplinary approach
• Understand the obstacles currently in place
2. We know that the details do matter


Questions to Frame the Conversation:
1. Is this a valid effort to spend time on?
2. What has worked and what has not worked? What is the role of
land use within place types?
3. How many are too many?
4. What is the physical size parameter?
5. Is a corridor a place type or is it within another place type? Does
it perform differently in modeling than a non-corridor?
6. What is the role of agriculture within place types?
7. What is the relationship with the Transect?
8. Is the intent of


CNU's New Tools for Low-Carbon/High-Performance Development - Parolek CNU 17

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CNU's New Tools for Low-Carbon/High-Performance Development - Parolek CNU 17