Developing a partnership with nature shaping new forests out of landscape elements
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Presentation by Robin L. Chazdon at “Science-policy exchange: Big ideas to connect landscapes, climate and development” Discussion Forum on the second day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
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Developing a partnership with nature shaping new forests out of landscape elements
- 1. Developing a partnership with nature: Shaping new forests out of landscape elements Robin L. Chazdon Association for Tropical Biology & Conservation University of Connecticut, USA International Institute of Sustainability, Brazil
- 2. From 2000-2012, most of the global loss of tree cover occurred in the world's tropical regions
- 4. Protecting existing forests and halting deforestation and forest degradation are not enough We need to regrow forests and rebuild landscapes in a partnership with nature We need to take the next step
- 5. Forests know how to do this But they need our help
- 6. Calvo-Alvarado et al. 2009. Forest Ecology and Management. 258: 931-940. Spontaneous natural regeneration can occur at large spatial scales 1966 23% forest cover 2005 47% forest cover
- 7. Trajano de Morais Municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil de Rezende et al. 2015. Atlantic Forest spontaneous regeneration at landscape scale. Biodiversity and Conservation • In 36 years, forest cover increased by 3,020 hectares (15.3 %) through natural regeneration • Active restoration planting in the same area would have cost U$ 15.1 million (U$ 419 k/year).
- 8. The science-policy questions are changing 1. How much primary forest needs to be conserved, protected, and set aside to sustain biodiversity? 1. What are the minimal biodiversity components needed to regenerate native vegetation in human-modified landscapes?
- 9. 2. How can we prevent forest degradation and deforestation due to logging and shifting cultivation? 2. How can we improve forest-based livelihoods and promote local governance while fostering regenerating and restored forests?
- 10. 3. How can conversion of forest land be minimized to accommodate agriculture? 3. How can agricultural land be spared to accommodate new types of forests?
- 12. Ecological memory: landscape elements that connect regenerating forests with former forests
- 17. Ecological and cultural memory are both legacies and drivers of change
- 18. Arroyo-Rodriguez et al.. 2015. Multiple successional pathways in human-modified tropical landscapes: New insights from forest succession, forest fragmentation and landscape ecology research. Biological Reviews (in press) High ecological memory Low ecological memory
- 19. Potential for large-scale natural regeneration has been demonstrated How and where to make this happen?
- 20. How much second-growth is there in the Neotropical lowlands?
- 21. Fagan et al. 2015. Targeted reforestation could reverse declines in connectivity for understory birds in a tropical habitat corridor. Ecological Applications (in press).
- 24. Archimedes said "Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the world.” Natural regeneration as a lever for large-scale restoration
- 25. Thanks to SecFor Network, People and Reforestation in the Tropics Research Coordination Network and YOU!
Editor's Notes
- Tropical forests as complex adaptive systems Resilience and uncertainty are inherent features of complex adaptive systems <number>
- Protecting existing forests and halting deforestation and forest degradation are not enough. We need to go further. We need to regrow forests and reconstruct landscapes. We need to develop a partnership with nature. <number>
- Forests know how to do this They need our help What does it take to regrow a forest? What does it take to reconstruct a landscape that provides functionality, productivity, and that sustains life. <number>
- During the 1980s tropical dry forests began regrowing on abandoned pastures in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. 23% forest cover in 1966; 47% forest cover in 2005 Passive reforestation. <number>
- <number>
- Ecological resilience is reestablished by the processes that contribute to system “memory”—processes involved in regeneration and renewal that connect that system’s present to its past and to its neighbors. Fauna play an important role in moving seeds around the landscape. Ecological memory also includes cultural elements that link human activities with ecosystem management. <number>
- When there is less human disturbance, succession is faster and more predictable (low uncertaintly). When there is high human disturbance, succession is slow but is also prectable (fewer possible trajectories) At intermediate levels of human disturbance, successional pathways are most variable and unpredictable. <number>
- Potential for large-scale natural regeneration has been demonstrated How and where to make this happen? <number>
- Using Baccini et al. 2012 map of above-ground biomass based on 2008. Each pixel compares biomass with predicted biomass at 20 yr of age for those climate conditions. Shown are pixels that are ≤= 20 yr by that critera. The % is the % of biomass at 20yr, so is an indicator of the mean age of the forest within the pixel. Natural regeneration must play a major role in large-scale restoration. Planting trees is far too expensive and too restrictive in composition. The basis for natural regeneration is ecological memory, which includes ecological interactions and spatial interactions among species and places. Species are selected from around the landscape that are adapted to the site, that have relationships with each other, and that are colonized by genetically distinct individuals. <number>
- Historian John Tzetzes, writing in the 12th century, wrote that Archimedes said "Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the world.” <number>
- Add acknowledgements <number>
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