This presentation gives an overview of research around the pilot REDD+ program in São Félix do Xingu, Brazil. It describes conventional land and forest use strategies of small and large landholders in the project area, and addresses how these behaviours could be affected by the introduction of a proposed municipality-wide REDD+ pilot project. Maria Fernanda Gebara gave this presentation on 18 June 2012 at a panel discussion organised by CIFOR and partners at the ISEE 2012 Conference at Rio, which convened under the topic "Ecological Economics and Rio+20: Challenges and Contributions for a Green Economy". The panel was titled ‘A comparison of intervention strategies and impacts of four incipient REDD+ initiatives in the Brazilian Amazon’. For more information, visit http://www.cifor.org/rio20/

1. Analyzing
Possible
Impacts
of
REDD+
Ini9a9ves
on
the
Ground
Lessons
from
São
Félix
do
Xingu,
Brazil
Interna(onal
Society
for
Ecological
Economics
–
ISEE
Maria
Fernanda
Gebara,
Amy
Duchelle,
Giselle
Monteiro,
Leonala
Guimarães
June
2012
–
Rio
de
Janeiro

2. REDD+ in Brazil
Na(onal
Interagency
REDD+
Na(onal
Strategy
Task
Force
Zero
Plan
for
Compensated
Deforesta(on
Climate
Na(onal
Policy
for
Sub-­‐na(onal
Reduc(on
Pact
Change
Climate
Change
Ini(a(ves
2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Voluntary
JUMA
NAMAs
WGs
REDD+
Amazon
Fund
PPCDAM
Regime
and
PES
Principle
and
Bills
Criteria
PPCerrado
More
than
50
FIP
projects
Brazil and REDD+ - Timeline ABC
Plan
THINKING beyond the canopy

3. GCS Projects
Credits:
Ahmeed
THINKING beyond the canopy

4. Methods § Proponent
Appraisal
B-­‐A-­‐C-­‐I
São
Félix
do
Xingu
Humaitá
§ Survey
of
Project
Implementa(on
(SPI)
2010
2013
4
villages/each
§ Total
of
246
households
(124
interven(on/122
control)
3Es+
§ 40
large-­‐landholders
§ Household/Village
Data
§ Land
and
Forest
Use
§ Income
Genera(on
§ Land
Tenure
§ Climate
Change
Percep(ons
§ REDD+
Percep(ons
THINKING beyond the canopy

5. Research Objective
Structures
Social
Priori(es
Governance
Human
Coordina(on
Vatn
and
Vedeld,
2010
Processes
Conflicts
Main
ques9ons:
§ Are
interven(ons
in
line
with
the
site
context?
§ Which
process
and
structures
are
in
place
for
REDD+
implementa(on
in
SFX?
§ Who
are
the
main
actors?
THINKING beyond the canopy

6. Context
Pará
§ Aug
2010
-­‐
July
2011
–
6.418km2
(Amazon)
/
3.008km2
(Pará)
50%
of
total
deforesta(on
in
the
Amazon
(INPE)
§ Aug
2009
–
July
2010
–
41%
of
total
deforesta(on
in
the
Amazon
(SAD/Imazon)
Main
Ac9ons:
Challenges
of
REDD+:
§ The
State
Plan
for
Preven(on,
§ Land
tenure
Control
and
Alterna(ves
to
§ Law
Enforcement
Deforesta(on
(PPCAD/2009)
§ Elite
capture
§ MoU
–
California
(2010)
§ Transac(on
and
transi(on
costs
§ More
than
10
pilot
REDD+
projects
THINKING beyond the canopy

7. THINKING beyond the canopy
Source:
Imazon

8. São Félix do Xingu
General
Informa9on
§ Historically
high
rates
of
deforesta(on
(2001-­‐
2007:
1.70%/year,
INPE)
§ June
2011
–
7/10
most
deforested
municipali(es
were
located
in
Pará
–
SFX
in
first
place
(SAD/Imazon)
§ Total
area
deforested
(2009)
–
16.621km2
–
20%
(INPE)
§ CIAT
(2008):
REDD+
0.8
million
ha
in
10
years
-­‐
440
million
tons
of
CO2
Main
causes:
THINKING beyond the canopy

9. THINKING beyond the canopy

10. SFX REDD+ Pilot Program
Partners:
Funders:
THINKING beyond the canopy

11. SFX REDD+ Pilot Program
Goals:
§ Land
Management
§ Deforesta(on
Emissions
Reduc(on
(440
million
tones
CO2/10
years)
§ Sustainable
Income
Genera(on
§ Environmental
Co-­‐benefits
§ Program
Sustainability
§ Capacity
Building
THINKING beyond the canopy

12. Source:
TNC,
2010
THINKING beyond the canopy

13. Results
SFX
Pilot
Program
Strategies
Private
SIMLAM
Improve
Large-­‐scale
SAFs
Proper9es
(CAR)
Produc(on
Reforesta(on
Models
Indigenous
Sustainable
Capacity
Improve
Improve
Lands
Income
Building
Border
Monitoring
Genera(on
Protec(on
Conserva9on
Management
Management
Improve
Improve
Units
Council
/APA
Plan
/
APA
do
Protec(on
Monitoring
Triunfo
Triunfo
Carbon
Determining
Establishing
a
Es(ma(ng
Monitoring
Accoun9ng
Appropriate
Reference
Expected
and
Program
Standards
Emissions
Emissions
Repor(ng
Level
(REL)
THINKING beyond the canopy

14. Results
§ Main
causes
of
deforesta(on
in
all
villages
are:
slash/burn
agriculture,
fire
and
ranching
Land
and
Forest
Use
Subsistence
and
Income
Genera9on
What
is
wellbeing?
All
villages
are
beder-­‐off
than
2
years
ago
§ Educa(on
§ Health
Main
reasons:
Beler
roads
(2)
§ Energy
Increase
on
income
(1)
§ Technical
Assistance
Increase
on
animal
prices
(1)
§ Alterna(ves
for
Sustainable
Livelihoods
§ Security
THINKING beyond the canopy
§ Communica(on

15. Results
Opportuni9es
to
Clear
the
Forest
Stayed
Stayed
Increa Increa Respo Stayed
Respo
the
the
sed
sed
ndent
the
ndent
same
same
3%
10%
does
same
does
10%
Stayed
10%
not
23%
not
the
know
know
same
3%
3%
6%
Decre
Decre Decre Decre
ased
ased
ased
ased
90%
87%
81%
74%
Main
reason:
Government
restric(ons
Tenure
Security
§ 2/4
villages
feel
insecure
Main
reasons:
Lack
of
(tle
and
land
conflicts
THINKING beyond the canopy

16. Results
Causes
of
Deforesta9on
X
Interven9ons
Causes
Interven9ons
Ranching
Improvement
of
Produc(on
Models
Agriculture
SAFs
Fires
Monitoring
Land
Grabbing
SIMLAM
(CAR)
Illegal
Logging
Restora(on/SFM
THINKING beyond the canopy

17. Conclusions
Early
to
say,
but…
§ Interven(ons
reflect
the
local
reality
§ Good
partnerships
§ No
investment
on
social
benefits
like
health,
educa(on
and
energy
§ No
interven(ons
on
market
access
and
prices
High
opportunity
and
transac9on
costs
Technology
Transfer,
Capacity
Building
and
Involvement
of
Local
Actors
THINKING beyond the canopy

18. “I
am
used
to
deforest
and
I
was
incen9vized
by
the
government
for
doing
it
for
more
than
40
years
and
at
that
9me
if
we
did
not
open
new
areas
we
would
be
excluded
from
our
lands.
I
need
to
learn
how
to
act
differently.”
Obrigada!
Maria
Fernanda
Gebara,
Phd
Candidate
Fundação
Getulio
Vargas
mfgebara@gmail.com
www.forestsclimatechange.org
THINKING beyond the canopy