Poster for CIAT 2009 Knowledge Sharing Week

1. Food Intake Patterns Among Women In Rural South Haiti
Michael Dessalines1, Mousson Finnigan2, Amber Hromi-Fiedler1,3, Helena Pachón4, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla1,3
1Nutritional
Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 2Organization for the Rehabilitation of the Environment (ORE), Camp-Perrin, Haiti, 3Connecticut
NIH EXPORT Center of Excellence for Eliminating Health Disparities among Latinos, Storrs, CT, 4International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT, Cali,
Colombia
Abstract Results
Fruits and vegetables Breads and cereals Dairy & protein group Snacks & drinks
We applied a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to 153 mothers of % consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week % consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week % consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week % consumed in past 3 months % > 3 times per week
children under five years old in rural South Haiti from June to late July 100
100
90 100
90
2007. The FFQ contained 55 items and used a 3 months reference 90
90
80
80 70 80
time period. Over the previous 3 months, the majority of women 80
70 60 70
reported consuming at least once fruits (98.7%), rice (98.7%), local 60
70
60
60 50
bread (96.7%), mangos (96.7%), corn (95.4%), plantains (94%),
%
%
50
%
50
%
50 40
carrots (93.5%), and sweet potatoes (92.8%), followed by fish (85.0%), 40 40
40
30
salty snacks (85.0%), raw milk (83.0%), chicken (81.0%), beef 30 30
20
30
20
(80.4%), papaya (78.9%), concentrated milk (60.8%), liver (53.6%), 20 20
10
10 10
and watermelon (52.3%). However, the median consumption for most 10
0 0
0 0
nutrient dense foods was less than 2 times per week. Only plantain,
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beans, rice, local bread and mangoes were consumed 3 or more times
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per week. Among foods consumed by the majority, the following were
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infrequently consumed (i.e. median less or equal 2 times a week): Summary of Dietary Intake Results:% women consuming foods >3 times per week
&
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watermelon, sweet potatoes, papaya, pumpkin, carrots, liver, chicken, Tubers
% consumed in past 3 months %>3 times per week <25% 25-50% 50-75% >75%
beef, fish, salty snacks, concentrated milk and kola. The above
100
results suggest a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area to 90
alleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies. We are currently exploring papaya green peas peanut butter raw milk coffee mangoes
80
the potential contributions that orange fleshed sweet potatoes can 70
make towards this goal. Funded by CIDA (7034161) through a grant 60
water melon tomatoes evaporated milk pork fruit juice local bread
to the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).
%
50
40 lettuce cheese corn powdered plantain rice (includes
30 juice mixed dishes)
20
Study Design 10
0
white yam yellow yam sweet potato
pumpkin chicken sweet and salty fruits beans
Fieldworker training session
•Location: Camp-Perrin, South Haiti Seasonal consumption of sweet potatoes soup snacks
•Cross-sectional, convenience sample % of seasonal consumption %>3 times per week
pumpkin beef white bread wheat bread herbal tea
•N=153 healthy non-pregnant mothers with children < 5 y 100
90
•55-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Items per food group 80
were: Fruits & vegetables (15 items), milk, dairy & protein foods (10 70
okra crab soda (regular/diet)
items), bread & cereals (10 items), snacks & drinks (11 items), tubers 60
and kola
(3 items), sweet potato seasonality (6 items)
%
50
40
•Survey applied in Creole by three fieldworkers trained, standardized 30 carrots sweet potatoes liver
and closely monitored 20
10
•Study conducted in the context of a larger study whose objective was beets yams fish
0
to evaluate the potential for biofortified sweet potato to improve vitamin White skin White skin Yellow skin Yellow skin Red skin in Red skin in
Fieldworker conducting food intake interview
A intake among pre-school children and their mothers in winter in summer in winter in summer winter summer
green peas alcoholic beverages
Note: Winter or raining season: April to June, October and November
Summer or dry season: November to March
Participants’ Background Characteristics
Participants' background characteristics (N=153) Conclusion
n % or mean (SD) • Foods consumed by the majority of women at least 3 times per
Maternal age (years) 153 32.0 (7.0) week were staples such as rice, beans, plantains, mangoes and
Child age (months) 153 30.7 (12.6) local bread.
Elementary school not completed (%) 68 44.4 • Mangoes played an important role in the diet during the season
Farming (%) 91 59.5 when the study was conducted.
Income <$30.00 per month (%) 100 65.4 • Foods consumed infrequently included nutrient dense foods such
Child with diarrhea past 2 weeks (%) 39 25.5 as vegetables, several fruits, animal protein and dairy foods.
Child with malaria (in past 2 months %) 51 33.3
• Results indicate that the quality of the diet consumed by the target
Child stunting [< -2 HAZ] (%) 62 43.4 women was very low.
Maternal BMI
• There is a need for micronutrient enhanced foods in the area to
Underweight [<20 kg/m2] (%) 52 34.0 alleviate potential micronutrient deficiencies.
Adequate weight [20 - <25 kg/m2] (%) 77 50.3
Overweight [25 - <30 kg/m2] (%) 19 12.4
Obese [ >30 kg/m2] (%) 5 3.3 Fieldworker with participant Children from a participating household