Why Community Media in Maldives?
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Presentation presented at Maldives by Dr. Ankuran Dutta
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Why Community Media in Maldives?
- 1. Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia Why Community Media in Maldives? Dr Ankuran Dutta Programme Officer CEMCA, New Delhi
- 2. Understanding Community • What dictionaries define--. • A group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common (OUP) • Montreal’s Italian community • the gay community in London • the scientific community • A particular area or place considered together with its inhabitants • a rural community • local communities.
- 3. Who is a community? • A social unit of any size • Having a particular characteristic in common or that shares common values • Having an identity, may be geographical, political, economic, religious, cultural, or virtual
- 4. Understanding Community Defining the term community is a complex concern, with various diverging perspectives and outlooks. How can we define the term 'community' in a simplest yet most comprehensive way? As we try to understand the term with a slightly different approach it’s observed ‘community’ comprises of two distinct yet intricately imbibed phrases- Common and Unity (Common + Unity = Community) http://comcomm.blogspot.in/
- 5. Understanding Community Commons, simply refers to people or masses Unity stands for the state or feature of being one, uniformity, being in accord, harmony with one another or towards a particular cause. So, Community is a group of people with unification of some specific genre, may be geographical, political, economic, cultural, identity real or virtual. For example, a Facebook or other social network’s community is a virtual community. Similarly, the concept 'C3' finds its bases primarily on geographical community. But it may also be identified with socio-cultural identity! http://comcomm.blogspot.in/
- 6. Understanding Community Media “Community media are characterized by their accountability to the communities they serve. They emerge as a result of popular movements that strive to attain an important space in citizen participation and demand the right to own and operate free from political or commercial interference.”- UNESCO Community media is one that is operated: • in the community, • for the community, • about the community and • by the community. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/community-media/
- 7. Understanding Community Media • Community media, as its name reflects is a form of a participatory media which is created, controlled and influenced by community. • Fuller (2007) defines community media as, when members of the community have access for information education and entertainment, when they want to access, and community participates as planners, producers and performers. • Community media as a potent tool enabling local communities to represent themselves • Community media promote ‘arts’ within the communities
- 8. Different Terminologies • Counter-information media (Baldelli 1972) • Independent media (Herman and Chomsky 1988) • Citizens’ media (Rodriguez 2001) • Tactical media (Lovink 2002) • Participatory media (Servaes 2005) • Community media (Rennie 2006) • Social movement media (Downing 2008) • Third Sector media (European Parliament 2008) • Nano-media (Downing 2010) • Alternative media
- 9. 3 Basics of Community Media • Community Ownership • Not for profit • Community Participation
- 10. Community Participation • Management • Governance • Policy making • Operation • Content Generation • Content creation • Gate keeping • Sustainability • Financial • Social • Feedback
- 11. Characteristics of Community Media • Community media is own media • The appeal is at personal and intimate level • Rapport is immediate and direct • Community media is for all, irrespective of diversity • Impact is much deeper • Vibrant tool for community development • Belong to a community and not to individuals, state or commercial organisation • No threat of cultural colonialism and foreign ideological domination • More credible than mainstream media; high acceptability • Cost effective • Global concept – Local communication; localized message and language • Horizontal and two way communication • Flexibility in content creation and delivery • Free from political or commercial interference
- 12. Types of Community Media Community Traditional tool Folk media Visual/ display tools Community Print Media Community Newspaper Community Magazine Community Electronic Media Community Radio Community Video Community Television Community New Media Social media Community website/ portal
- 13. Why Community Media? • Democratic views • Social causes • Development goals • Towards Empowerment
- 14. Why Community Media? • Democratic views- • Offer democratisation of communication • Break the information monopoly • Comprehend the Freedom of Speech and Expression • Realise Political interference • Bridge the gap between government and public • Encourage community discussion and debate • Provide space for public opinion • Promote good governance
- 15. Why Community Media? • Social causes- • Cover topics which are relevant to the society • Address the community issues • Resolve conflicts • Inculcate scientific temperament • Play a role of activist • Disseminate information • Improve livelihood and wellbeing • Act a tool for behaviour change • Preserve art and culture of the community
- 16. Why Community Media? • Development Goals- • Work for overall development of the community • Vibrant tool for risk communication • Create environment for co-learning • Focus best practices • Expand the range of economic and social choices • Balance economic, environment and social needs • Build an environment for healthy community • Improves accountability to the communities they serve
- 17. Why Community Media? • Towards Empowerment - • Validate and strengthen community • Develop skills for individual and community • Promote women empowerment • Inculcate enthusiasm for self sufficiency • Guide children and teenagers • Develop sense of responsibility • Encourage local talent
- 18. Why Community Media in Maldives? • Population structure- http://planning.gov.mv/yearbook2013/
- 19. Best medium for risk communication- On 26 December 2004, the tsunami affected the lives and livelihoods of a significant part of the population and destroyed houses, health posts, schools, harbours, jetties, and personal belongings across the country. www.planning.gov.mv/
- 20. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 HA HDh Sh N R B Lh K AA ADh V M F Dh Th Lh GA GDh Gn S Number Number of fisherman by Atolls, 2012 Suitable medium for professions like fishing, where time to time information needed http://planning.gov.mv/yearbook2013/
- 21. How Community Media Works • Model of activism for development • Model of Co-learning/ participation for community empowerment • Model of establishing identity • Model of development process archiving • Model of access to information
- 25. Thank You You may contact- adutta@col.org ankurandutta@gmail.com Blog: comcomm.blogspot.in Web: www.cemca.org.in
Notas do Editor
- How many of you are media educators How many of you know about comm media Introducing CEMCA
- characterized by their accountability to the communities they serve
- Community media in all its various forms is inseparably linked to the enhancement of the civic society and civic participation ….., Community media originate, aculeate and resonate from the sphere of civil society”. Community media has a vital and imperative role in today’s development cycle. No doubt, Community media played the most vibrant role in recent changes and developments emerged in different parts of the world. The different forms of community media have always helped civic society to raise their voice for the common interests and benefits. At the time of TV, Radio and Newspaper, it was mostly one side communication, the flow of information was mostly one sided – from media center to civic society. With the emergence of new tools as e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, blogs etc, the dimensions and horizon of community media has been changed. Mobile phone even enhanced the conversation and communication in public sphere.
- Ownership- FM and Pvt media vs comm media Mainstream media have their priority to earn profit. Media started as mission- profession- fashion – creation C3- crime, cricket and cinema Participation FM and Pvt media vs comm media
- Public has no role to participate in the decision making process in the public or private media Agenda setting role Content generation- community produces/ CLP “…the ability of an organization to secure and manage sufficient resources to enable it to fulfill its mission effectively and consistently over time without excessive dependence on any single funding source” -Lisa Cannon, Life Beyond Aid, 1999 “The sustainability of local CR is related to its capacity to have relevant participatory and creative programming that attracts the audience and encourages access to the media in their own language and is alternate and distinct from public and commercial broadcasting (Rights based!). It is also linked to financial support and technological support otherwise it distracts community radio practitioners from dedicating - AMARC 2007 Nepal Case study
- Community traditional- comics/ folk performances with messages/ walmagazines Newspaper CR- status- Nepal, India, Bangladesh The concept of community video or participatory video was mainly evolved with the Fogo Process in Canada. The community video emerged in India with the initiation of the Kheda Project. This project was launched in 1975 and 607 community television sets have been installed in 443 villages of Kheda district of Gujrat Video SEWA was first came into existence in 1984. Giving the technological training to the grassroots level people and advocacy the rural development remained as the center concepts from its very inception. It was first originated in Canada and US and soon covered countries like United Kingdom, Australia, Venezuela etc. In a survey, Cathrine Edwards, Spokesperson of Canadian Association of Community Television Users and Stations says that 28 countries have CTV policies and practices around the globe.