2. What is Planning ?
Planning focuses on achieving objectives.
Planning is a primary function of management.
Planning is pervasive.
Planning is continuous.
Planning involves decision-making.
3. According to Henry Fayol,”
Planning is deciding the best
alternatives among others to
perform different managerial
operations in order to achieve
the per-determined goals.”
4. Process of planning
Constructing the planning premises.
Forecasting , Overcomes and Events.
Determining clear objectives.
Searching for alternative plans and actions.
Evaluation of alternatives.
Environmental scanning.
5. Advantages of planning
Direction setting
Holistic picture of consequences.
Promotion of team spirit.
Estimation of needed resources.
Better decision making.
Provision for control.
Minimizing risk and uncertainties.
No Hapazart action.
6. Disadvantages of planning
Lack of accurate information.
Time consuming process.
Expensive.
Inflexibility.
Environmental constraints.
False sense of security.
Capital investment in fixed assets limits planning.
7. Types of plan
Objective
They are end towards which every action is aimed.
Strategy
It refers to future decision defining the organization's
direction and scope in long run.
Policies
They are guidelines which facilitates the achievement of
the objectives.
Procedures
It is the way of doing and not decision.
8. Programme
They are detailed statement about a project which
outlines the objectives , policies , procedures , rule ,
human and physical resources required and budget to
implement any course of action.
Rule
It is a specific statement that informs what is to be done.
Budget
It informs the expected results in numeric terms.
