SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 29
Baixar para ler offline
Chapter 22

   Notes
The Scientific Revolution
• Root of Modern Science
  – Looked to the Greeks (Aristotle) and the Bible to
    answer questions about the world
  – Medieval Times
     • Earth was unmovable and center of universe
         – Geocentric theory
            » Moon and sun moved around earth
  – Mid-1500’s
     • Scientists begin to publish findings
         – Based on observation and willingness to question accepted
           ideas
         – Later is known as the scientific revolution
The Scientific Revolution
• Causes of Scientific Revolution
  – Translation of Muslim texts
  – Academic courses in Astronomy, physics and math
  – New discoveries through out the world
     • Opened the possibility that there were more unknown truths
  – Exploration
     • Fuels scientific research
  – Printing Press
     • Spreads ideas- Fast
The Universe
• Challenging accepted science
  – Astronomy
    • Heliocentric Theory of the Universe
       – Nicolaus Copernicus
       – 25 years of planetary research
       – Reasoned that the planets, and stars revolved around
         the sun
       – Didn’t publish because of fear of ridicule and
         persecutions
           » His idea would contradict the idea that God put the
             Earth in the center of the Universe
The Universe
• Challenging accepted science
  – Galieo
    • Discovered
       – Law of the pendulum
       – All things fall at the same rate
       – Other astronomical things
    • Church was threatened by his findings
       – Made him renounce his findings
       – Kept him under house arrest till the end of his life
The scientific method
• Logical procedure for collecting and
  testing ideas
  – Start with a problem
  – Come up with a hypothesis
  – Test hypothesis with experimentation
  – Analyze and interpret the data
Scientific method, Bacon and
              Descartes
• Bacon
  – Refined the idea of empiricism
    • Observe, collect data and draw conclusions from
      data
• Descartes
  – Developed analytical geometry
  – Link algebra and geometry
  – Doubt everything until proven by reason
  – “I think, therefore I am”
Newton explain gravity- Hooray
• Mathematical Principles of Natural
  Philosophy
  – Very influential scientific books
  – Universe worked similar to a watch
     • God was the creator of the watch (universe)
Scientific instruments
• Zacharias Jenssen
   – Created first microscope in 1590
• Evangelista Torricelli
   – Created the first barometer in 1643
      • Necessary in the prediction of weather
• Gabriel Fahrenheit
   – Created first thermometer to use mercury in glass in
     1714
• Ander Celsius
   – Created another scale for measuring temperature in
     1742
Medicine and the Human Body
• Andreas Vesalius
  – Mid-1500’s
     • Dissected human bodies
     • Published detailed drawings of human organs, bones and
       muscles
• William Harvey
  – 1628
     • Published book on the heart and circulation
• Edward Jenner
  – Late 1700’s
     • Introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox
The Enlightenment in Europe
• Scientific Revolution pave the way for
  “new” thinking in government, religion,
  economics and education
• Reaches its height in the mid-1700s
• Also known at the Age of Reason
Government
• Hobbes’ social contract
  – Thomas Hobbes
     • Leviathan (his writings)
     • Convinced that all people are selfish and wicked
     • Only an absolute leader could control the behavior
       of his citizens
     • Social contract
        – People give up their rights to a strong leader and in turn
          gain law and order
Government
• Locke’s Natural Right
  – John Locke
    • People could learn from experience and improve
      themselves
    • Criticized absolute rule
    • Advocated for self-rule
    • Natural rights (all people are born free and equal)
       – Life
       – Liberty
       – Property
    • Government’s role is to protect those rights
The philosophes advocate reason
• Mid-1700’s
  – Paris becomes meeting place for people who
    want to discuss politics and ideas
  – Social critiques become known as the
    philosophes
  – People could apply reason to all aspects of
    life
The philosophes advocate reason
• Turn to page 552, summarize the 5
  concepts that form the core of the
  philosophes philosophy
Extra space to write
• Reason
   – Truths are discovered through reason or logical thinking
• Nature
   – Natural=good and reasonable
   – Natural laws of economics/politics
• Happiness
   – People who lived by natural laws=happy
   – Didn’t want to accept misery for happiness after death
• Progress
   – Humankind can be perfected
• Liberty
   – Freedom on the liberties they believed to be inherent
   – No restrictions on speech religion, trade, personal travel
Voltaire Combats intolerance
• Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
  – French philosopher
     • Humanities worse enemies
        – Intolerance
        – Prejudice
        – Superstition
• Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers
  – Division of power between different branches of a
    government
  – Separation of Powers
  – Outlines the idea of checks and balances that is a
    basis to our govrnment
Rousseau: Champion of Freedom
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
  – Believed that all people should consent and
    agree on forming a society- Social Contract
  – All people are equal and titles of nobility
    should be abolished
  – Inspires leaders of the French Revolution
Beccaria Promotes Criminal justice
• Ceasre Beccaria
  – Laws exists to preserve social order not
    avenge crimes
    • Against common abuses of justice
       – Torture
       – Irregular proceedings in trials
       – Cruel and unusual punishments
    • Advocated
       – Speedy trials
       – Punishments that fit the crimes
       – Abolition of the death penalty
Impact of the Enlightenment
• Belief in progress
  – Through reason a better society was possible
  – End of slavery
  – Better education
• More secular outlook
  – People begin to question religious beliefs
  – Religious tolerance is explored
• Importance of the individual
  – Look inward for guidance
  – Examine right and wrong for themselves
Sread of Enlightenment Ideas
• Denis Diderot
   – spread enlightened thinking in all areas by publishing the
     Encyclopedia
• Franz Joseph Hayden
   – broke from traditionally ornate musical forms and developed the
     sonata and symphony
• Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart
   – set a new standard for elegance and originality with his varied
     and numerous musical compositions
• Ludwig van Beethoven
   – exhibited great range in his works; moved from the classical
     style of Mozart to begin new trend that carried music into the
     Age of Romanticism
The Spread of the Enlightenment
              ideas
• Samuel Richardson
   – wrote Pamela, the first English novel
• Frederick the Great
   – committed himself to the goal of reforming and strengthening
     his country; granted many religious freedoms, reduced
     censorship, improved education and the justice system, and
     abolished torture; considered that the king should be “first
     servant of the state”
• Joseph II
   – Abolished serfdom, initiated legal reforms, introduced
     freedom of the press, supported freedom of religion
• Catherine the Great
   – tried to modernize and reform Russia according to the
     writings of the philosophes; accomplished limited reforms
Terms
• Salon
   – social gathering in a person’s home at which enlightened
     thinkers shared ideas and enjoy artistic performances
• Baroque
   – grand ornate style of the arts that was popular before the
     Enlightenment
• Neoclassical
   – simple and elegant style of the arts that emphasized order and
     balance and borrowed ideas and themes from classical Greece
     and Rome
• Enlightened despot
   – absolute monarch who reflected Enlightenment ideals of reform
     and reason
Baroque
Neoclassical
Name three developments in the
  arts during the Enlightenment
• Arts reflected order and balance
• Artists and architects borrowed ideas from
  classical Rome and Greece
• Novel developed
What sorts of reforms did the enlightened
    despots make? In what respects did their
                   reforms fail?
•   Greater religious tolerance
•   Reduced censorship
•   Reduced torture
•   Many were limited or temporary
•   Failed to improve lives for the peasants
Causes                           Events                           Effects
British needs to pay of French   British parliament passes the    Colonist boycott
and Indian War                   Stamp Act                        manufactured goods in
                                                                  protest: Parliament repeals
                                                                  the Stamp Act tax
Colonists protest an import      British close Boston harbor      First Continental Congress
tax on tea and dump tea off      and station troops in the city   meets to protest punishment
British ships                                                     of Boston


British soldiers and American    Second Continental Congress      American Revolution beings
militiamen exchange fire at      votes to form an army under
Lexington and Concord            command of G. Washington

France wants to weaken its       France enters the war in 1778    Combined forces result in
enemy Britain                                                     victory for the Americans


States need a plan for a         By approving the Articles of     National government is set up
national govt. but want to       Confederation, states create     but is powerless to govern
protect their own authority      a weak national govt.

Congress unable to pay debt-     Daniel Shays leads a             Congress approves a
ridden farmers for services in   rebellion in Massachusetts       Constitutional Convention to
the war                                                           revise the Articles of
                                                                  Confederation
How do the Declaration of Independence and U.S.
  Constitution reflect the ideals of the Enlightenment?

• D of I uses the political ideals of John Locke to
  defend the rebellion against a govt. that abuse
  the natural rights of its citizens
   – Written by Thomas Jefferson
• Constitution contains a series of checks and
  balances and a federal system that divides
  power
   – Montesquieu’s idea
• Bill of rights guarantees many rights and
  freedoms advocated by the philosophes
   – Freedom of speech, religion, and protects the right of
     people accused of crimes

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific RevolutionBear River High School
 
8th grade enlightenmet
8th grade enlightenmet8th grade enlightenmet
8th grade enlightenmetmdjanes75
 
The Enlightenment Review
The Enlightenment ReviewThe Enlightenment Review
The Enlightenment Reviewmead9
 
Age of enlightenment powerpoint
Age of enlightenment powerpointAge of enlightenment powerpoint
Age of enlightenment powerpointMohammedLebbad
 
The Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment LamaMohammad8
 
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?WatHistory
 
The Enlightenment And Revolution
The Enlightenment And RevolutionThe Enlightenment And Revolution
The Enlightenment And RevolutionGreg Lehr
 
Chapter 8 section 2 power point
Chapter 8 section 2 power pointChapter 8 section 2 power point
Chapter 8 section 2 power pointJason Hauck
 
Chapter 8 section 1 power point
Chapter 8 section 1 power pointChapter 8 section 1 power point
Chapter 8 section 1 power pointJason Hauck
 
Scientific revolution.ppt a
Scientific revolution.ppt aScientific revolution.ppt a
Scientific revolution.ppt aMira Aguillon
 
Scientific revolution 2
Scientific revolution 2Scientific revolution 2
Scientific revolution 2Joseph Gayares
 
The scientific revolution
The scientific revolutionThe scientific revolution
The scientific revolutionetaang
 
Scientific Revolution
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
Scientific RevolutionMr.J
 
Scientific Revolution Notes
Scientific Revolution Notes Scientific Revolution Notes
Scientific Revolution Notes HMMartin
 
Scientific revolution ppt 2
Scientific revolution ppt 2Scientific revolution ppt 2
Scientific revolution ppt 2sjhomer13
 

Mais procurados (20)

# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
# 3 Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution
 
8th grade enlightenmet
8th grade enlightenmet8th grade enlightenmet
8th grade enlightenmet
 
The Enlightenment Review
The Enlightenment ReviewThe Enlightenment Review
The Enlightenment Review
 
Age of enlightenment powerpoint
Age of enlightenment powerpointAge of enlightenment powerpoint
Age of enlightenment powerpoint
 
The Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment
 
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?
1013 What happened at the end of the Renaissance period?
 
The Enlightenment And Revolution
The Enlightenment And RevolutionThe Enlightenment And Revolution
The Enlightenment And Revolution
 
Chapter 8 section 2 power point
Chapter 8 section 2 power pointChapter 8 section 2 power point
Chapter 8 section 2 power point
 
Chapter 8 section 1 power point
Chapter 8 section 1 power pointChapter 8 section 1 power point
Chapter 8 section 1 power point
 
Scientific revolution.ppt a
Scientific revolution.ppt aScientific revolution.ppt a
Scientific revolution.ppt a
 
Scientific revolution 2
Scientific revolution 2Scientific revolution 2
Scientific revolution 2
 
The Scientific Revolution V2007
The Scientific Revolution V2007The Scientific Revolution V2007
The Scientific Revolution V2007
 
The scientific revolution
The scientific revolutionThe scientific revolution
The scientific revolution
 
The enlightenment (2)
The enlightenment (2)The enlightenment (2)
The enlightenment (2)
 
Scientific Revolution
Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
 
Scientific Revolution Notes
Scientific Revolution Notes Scientific Revolution Notes
Scientific Revolution Notes
 
Enlightenment Ideals
Enlightenment IdealsEnlightenment Ideals
Enlightenment Ideals
 
Scientific revolution
Scientific revolutionScientific revolution
Scientific revolution
 
221-242
221-242221-242
221-242
 
Scientific revolution ppt 2
Scientific revolution ppt 2Scientific revolution ppt 2
Scientific revolution ppt 2
 

Semelhante a Chapter 22 Assessment

World history chapter 22 notes
World history chapter 22 notesWorld history chapter 22 notes
World history chapter 22 notesannie1026
 
The enlightenment chapter 17 power point
The enlightenment chapter 17 power pointThe enlightenment chapter 17 power point
The enlightenment chapter 17 power pointRacheal Kleine
 
Enlightenment 2012-2013
Enlightenment 2012-2013Enlightenment 2012-2013
Enlightenment 2012-2013Wenny Wang Wu
 
The enlightenment power point
The enlightenment power pointThe enlightenment power point
The enlightenment power pointTodd Wilkinson
 
Review & test Taking PPT
Review & test Taking PPTReview & test Taking PPT
Review & test Taking PPTdustinweber
 
American and french revolution2
American and french revolution2American and french revolution2
American and french revolution2thatlibrary
 
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!Melissa Fischer
 
An Age of Enlightenment.pdf
An Age of Enlightenment.pdfAn Age of Enlightenment.pdf
An Age of Enlightenment.pdfDave Phillips
 
American and french revolution
American and french revolutionAmerican and french revolution
American and french revolutionthatlibrary
 
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
Enlightenment Thinkers and IdeasEnlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideasbbednars
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9WilliamParkhurst
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9WilliamParkhurst
 
Chapter17
Chapter17Chapter17
Chapter17ezasso
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9WilliamParkhurst
 
THE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCEjundumaug1
 
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727Edice Pachikerl
 
Changing The Paradigm
Changing The  ParadigmChanging The  Paradigm
Changing The Paradigmpeaceandlove
 

Semelhante a Chapter 22 Assessment (20)

World history chapter 22 notes
World history chapter 22 notesWorld history chapter 22 notes
World history chapter 22 notes
 
The enlightenment chapter 17 power point
The enlightenment chapter 17 power pointThe enlightenment chapter 17 power point
The enlightenment chapter 17 power point
 
Enlightenment 2012-2013
Enlightenment 2012-2013Enlightenment 2012-2013
Enlightenment 2012-2013
 
Enlightenment
EnlightenmentEnlightenment
Enlightenment
 
Age of reason
Age of reasonAge of reason
Age of reason
 
The enlightenment power point
The enlightenment power pointThe enlightenment power point
The enlightenment power point
 
Review & test Taking PPT
Review & test Taking PPTReview & test Taking PPT
Review & test Taking PPT
 
American and french revolution2
American and french revolution2American and french revolution2
American and french revolution2
 
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
The Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment and American Revolution! Oh my!
 
An Age of Enlightenment.pdf
An Age of Enlightenment.pdfAn Age of Enlightenment.pdf
An Age of Enlightenment.pdf
 
American and french revolution
American and french revolutionAmerican and french revolution
American and french revolution
 
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
Enlightenment Thinkers and IdeasEnlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
 
Chapter17
Chapter17Chapter17
Chapter17
 
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
Introduction to philosophy lecture 9
 
Origin and devpt socio
Origin and devpt socioOrigin and devpt socio
Origin and devpt socio
 
THE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE
THE RENAISSANCE
 
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727
Scientific Revolution in Europe 1400-1727
 
Changing The Paradigm
Changing The  ParadigmChanging The  Paradigm
Changing The Paradigm
 

Último

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 

Último (20)

How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 

Chapter 22 Assessment

  • 1. Chapter 22 Notes
  • 2. The Scientific Revolution • Root of Modern Science – Looked to the Greeks (Aristotle) and the Bible to answer questions about the world – Medieval Times • Earth was unmovable and center of universe – Geocentric theory » Moon and sun moved around earth – Mid-1500’s • Scientists begin to publish findings – Based on observation and willingness to question accepted ideas – Later is known as the scientific revolution
  • 3. The Scientific Revolution • Causes of Scientific Revolution – Translation of Muslim texts – Academic courses in Astronomy, physics and math – New discoveries through out the world • Opened the possibility that there were more unknown truths – Exploration • Fuels scientific research – Printing Press • Spreads ideas- Fast
  • 4. The Universe • Challenging accepted science – Astronomy • Heliocentric Theory of the Universe – Nicolaus Copernicus – 25 years of planetary research – Reasoned that the planets, and stars revolved around the sun – Didn’t publish because of fear of ridicule and persecutions » His idea would contradict the idea that God put the Earth in the center of the Universe
  • 5. The Universe • Challenging accepted science – Galieo • Discovered – Law of the pendulum – All things fall at the same rate – Other astronomical things • Church was threatened by his findings – Made him renounce his findings – Kept him under house arrest till the end of his life
  • 6. The scientific method • Logical procedure for collecting and testing ideas – Start with a problem – Come up with a hypothesis – Test hypothesis with experimentation – Analyze and interpret the data
  • 7. Scientific method, Bacon and Descartes • Bacon – Refined the idea of empiricism • Observe, collect data and draw conclusions from data • Descartes – Developed analytical geometry – Link algebra and geometry – Doubt everything until proven by reason – “I think, therefore I am”
  • 8. Newton explain gravity- Hooray • Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy – Very influential scientific books – Universe worked similar to a watch • God was the creator of the watch (universe)
  • 9. Scientific instruments • Zacharias Jenssen – Created first microscope in 1590 • Evangelista Torricelli – Created the first barometer in 1643 • Necessary in the prediction of weather • Gabriel Fahrenheit – Created first thermometer to use mercury in glass in 1714 • Ander Celsius – Created another scale for measuring temperature in 1742
  • 10. Medicine and the Human Body • Andreas Vesalius – Mid-1500’s • Dissected human bodies • Published detailed drawings of human organs, bones and muscles • William Harvey – 1628 • Published book on the heart and circulation • Edward Jenner – Late 1700’s • Introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox
  • 11. The Enlightenment in Europe • Scientific Revolution pave the way for “new” thinking in government, religion, economics and education • Reaches its height in the mid-1700s • Also known at the Age of Reason
  • 12. Government • Hobbes’ social contract – Thomas Hobbes • Leviathan (his writings) • Convinced that all people are selfish and wicked • Only an absolute leader could control the behavior of his citizens • Social contract – People give up their rights to a strong leader and in turn gain law and order
  • 13. Government • Locke’s Natural Right – John Locke • People could learn from experience and improve themselves • Criticized absolute rule • Advocated for self-rule • Natural rights (all people are born free and equal) – Life – Liberty – Property • Government’s role is to protect those rights
  • 14. The philosophes advocate reason • Mid-1700’s – Paris becomes meeting place for people who want to discuss politics and ideas – Social critiques become known as the philosophes – People could apply reason to all aspects of life
  • 15. The philosophes advocate reason • Turn to page 552, summarize the 5 concepts that form the core of the philosophes philosophy
  • 16. Extra space to write • Reason – Truths are discovered through reason or logical thinking • Nature – Natural=good and reasonable – Natural laws of economics/politics • Happiness – People who lived by natural laws=happy – Didn’t want to accept misery for happiness after death • Progress – Humankind can be perfected • Liberty – Freedom on the liberties they believed to be inherent – No restrictions on speech religion, trade, personal travel
  • 17. Voltaire Combats intolerance • Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) – French philosopher • Humanities worse enemies – Intolerance – Prejudice – Superstition • Montesquieu and the Separation of Powers – Division of power between different branches of a government – Separation of Powers – Outlines the idea of checks and balances that is a basis to our govrnment
  • 18. Rousseau: Champion of Freedom • Jean Jacques Rousseau – Believed that all people should consent and agree on forming a society- Social Contract – All people are equal and titles of nobility should be abolished – Inspires leaders of the French Revolution
  • 19. Beccaria Promotes Criminal justice • Ceasre Beccaria – Laws exists to preserve social order not avenge crimes • Against common abuses of justice – Torture – Irregular proceedings in trials – Cruel and unusual punishments • Advocated – Speedy trials – Punishments that fit the crimes – Abolition of the death penalty
  • 20. Impact of the Enlightenment • Belief in progress – Through reason a better society was possible – End of slavery – Better education • More secular outlook – People begin to question religious beliefs – Religious tolerance is explored • Importance of the individual – Look inward for guidance – Examine right and wrong for themselves
  • 21. Sread of Enlightenment Ideas • Denis Diderot – spread enlightened thinking in all areas by publishing the Encyclopedia • Franz Joseph Hayden – broke from traditionally ornate musical forms and developed the sonata and symphony • Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart – set a new standard for elegance and originality with his varied and numerous musical compositions • Ludwig van Beethoven – exhibited great range in his works; moved from the classical style of Mozart to begin new trend that carried music into the Age of Romanticism
  • 22. The Spread of the Enlightenment ideas • Samuel Richardson – wrote Pamela, the first English novel • Frederick the Great – committed himself to the goal of reforming and strengthening his country; granted many religious freedoms, reduced censorship, improved education and the justice system, and abolished torture; considered that the king should be “first servant of the state” • Joseph II – Abolished serfdom, initiated legal reforms, introduced freedom of the press, supported freedom of religion • Catherine the Great – tried to modernize and reform Russia according to the writings of the philosophes; accomplished limited reforms
  • 23. Terms • Salon – social gathering in a person’s home at which enlightened thinkers shared ideas and enjoy artistic performances • Baroque – grand ornate style of the arts that was popular before the Enlightenment • Neoclassical – simple and elegant style of the arts that emphasized order and balance and borrowed ideas and themes from classical Greece and Rome • Enlightened despot – absolute monarch who reflected Enlightenment ideals of reform and reason
  • 26. Name three developments in the arts during the Enlightenment • Arts reflected order and balance • Artists and architects borrowed ideas from classical Rome and Greece • Novel developed
  • 27. What sorts of reforms did the enlightened despots make? In what respects did their reforms fail? • Greater religious tolerance • Reduced censorship • Reduced torture • Many were limited or temporary • Failed to improve lives for the peasants
  • 28. Causes Events Effects British needs to pay of French British parliament passes the Colonist boycott and Indian War Stamp Act manufactured goods in protest: Parliament repeals the Stamp Act tax Colonists protest an import British close Boston harbor First Continental Congress tax on tea and dump tea off and station troops in the city meets to protest punishment British ships of Boston British soldiers and American Second Continental Congress American Revolution beings militiamen exchange fire at votes to form an army under Lexington and Concord command of G. Washington France wants to weaken its France enters the war in 1778 Combined forces result in enemy Britain victory for the Americans States need a plan for a By approving the Articles of National government is set up national govt. but want to Confederation, states create but is powerless to govern protect their own authority a weak national govt. Congress unable to pay debt- Daniel Shays leads a Congress approves a ridden farmers for services in rebellion in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention to the war revise the Articles of Confederation
  • 29. How do the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution reflect the ideals of the Enlightenment? • D of I uses the political ideals of John Locke to defend the rebellion against a govt. that abuse the natural rights of its citizens – Written by Thomas Jefferson • Constitution contains a series of checks and balances and a federal system that divides power – Montesquieu’s idea • Bill of rights guarantees many rights and freedoms advocated by the philosophes – Freedom of speech, religion, and protects the right of people accused of crimes