2.  There are many key factors in having successful communication
with others
 Joseph Devito says that communication is, “ the act, by one or more
persons, of sending and receiving messages that are distorted by
noise, occur within a context a, have some effect, and provide
some opportunity for feedback” (Marteney & Sterk, 3).
 For successful communication one must speak to the receiver of the
message clearly, the message must go through noise. Now the
receiver will interpret the message on how well the transmitter
expressed their message. Lastly the receiver will let the source know
if the idea or message was clearly understood.

3. ENCODESDECODES
SENDER------ MESSAGE------CHANNEL-----RECEIVER
NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE NOISE
FEEDBACK

4.  In a relationship communication is vital for the relationship to be a
happy and lasting one. Each partner needs to people able to send
their message properly in order for the other to understand clearly. It
is the senders primary responsibility for the success or failure of the
communication
 In a classroom the teacher needs to be able to communicate with
the students properly in order for them to have a successful learning
experience. It starts with the teacher and how he or she sends the
messages. The receiver, the students, must be listening in order to
capture the message correctly.

5.  Sender: the source of the message. They have the information that they want
to share with someone else. The sender has the primary responsibility for the
success or failure of the communication. The sender has the control over
more of the variables in the communication process
 Encoding: the process in which the source takes an idea or thought and
selects verbal and nonverbal symbols from their environment to send which
accurately represents the idea or thought.
 Message: the content of the communication
 Channel: the medium through which the message passes. The channels are
our senses like sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. “ the medium is the
message”.
 Receiver: the target audience of the message. They have accountability for
their communication behaviors by listening with respect and providing
accurate feedback.
 Feedback: The information that is sent back to the source. It gives the sender
and idea of how accurately they sent the message by what the feedback is
from the receiver.
 Noise: anything that disrupts or distorts the communication process. It could
be noises around the communication.

6.  Verbal Communication: is
communication that uses language.
Daily verbal communication is used by
9% writing, 16% reading, 30% speaking,
and 45% listening.
 Nonverbal Communication: is the
exchange of messages through non-
linguistic means. Body language, facial
expressions and eye contact are all
forms of nonverbal communication. The
vibe you give off to others will affect your
communication positively or negatively.
It is like the phrase actions speak louder
than words. A person may be saying
“No” but everything else about their
body language and expressions is saying
“Yes”.
COMMUNICATION SUCCESS RELIES ON
VERBAL AND NONVERBAL CONSISTENCY

7. There are 5 communication environments
 Intrapersonal: communication with oneself. Thinking
or talking to oneself.
 Interpersonal: personal communication with
people you know. The interactants are in close
proximity to each other.
 Small Group: at least one to three and no more
than 12 or fifteen people in a small group. Small
group members are able to communicate openly
with all members of the group. The group must
have a common goal. Group members will then
develop their roles.
 Community: a set of more than fifteen people who
exist together with some shared element. It is a
group of people who interact with one another.
 Mass: the transmission of messages which may be
processed by gate keepers or filters prior to being
sent to large audiences. It is communication from
one person or group of people through a
transmitting device to large audience. Examples
are television, newspapers, radio, etc.

8.  Miscommunication usually leads to
an argument because it causes
conflict. This happens very often
 An argument starts by a
disagreement, confusion, or
ignorance about an idea or
thought which the arguer wants to
resolve
 The end goal of an argument is to
reach a conclusion which is
persuasive enough to convince
someone of something.

9. Truth: the complete accuracy of propositions, statements,
sentences, assertions, and beliefs.
 On any subject there can be one and only one truth
 The threshold of truth is measured as absolute certainty
 Truth is tied to self-esteem, if a single truth exist there are two
communicative problems (1) we do not know who knows it (2) we
do not know if it can be accurately communicated to others
 Arguing over truth promotes dogmatism
 Acquiring truth is not the goal of a course in argumentation and
critical thinking
Validity: an arguments internal consistency. It is the strength of
our conclusions, inferences or propositions.
 On any one subject there can be valid positions.
 Validity is tied to the information available
 Arguing for the most valid position= open mindedness
 How to recognize valid positions and finding out which
position is the most valid is the goal in argumentation and
critical thinking

10. 0%---------25%-------50%------75%-------99%
Opinion Assertion Inference Fact
Statements of opinion: not founded to be any observable
proof, no certainty
Statements of assertion: made emphatically with no
supporting evidence. It is an unsupported statement or
claim
Statements of inference: based on observation and
experience. It has a moderate degree of certainty
Statements of Fact: something that is commonly accepted in
the current environment. It is based on verifiable
evidence.