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Blood borne Pathogens
What Are Blood borne
     Pathogens?
Blood borne pathogens are
  microorganisms such as viruses or
  bacteria that are carried in blood
  and can cause disease in people.
Types of Blood borne
             Pathogens
Blood borne Pathogens Include
  –   Malaria
  –   Syphilis
  –   Brucellosis
  –   Hepatitis B (HBV)
  – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Hepatitis B (HBV)…
is a virus that infection and inflammation of the liver
is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood"
contact
can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis & liver
cancer
can survive in dried blood for up to seven days
No Cure for HBV
There is no "cure" or specific treatment for
HBV

Many people develop antibodies to fight the
disease which may prevent future infection
HBV Symptoms
Mild flu-like symptoms
Fatigue
Possible stomach pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Jaundice
Darkened urine
Hepatitis B Vaccinations
Employees who have routine exposure to
 blood borne pathogens (such as doctors,
 nurses, first aid responders, etc) shall be
 offered the Hepatitis B vaccine series at no
 cost to themselves unless:
  – They have previously received the vaccine series
  – Antibody testing has revealed they are immune
  – The vaccine is contraindicated for medical reasons
  In these cases they need not be offered the series.
Vaccination Process
 Series of three shots.
 Second shot is given one month after
 the first
 Third shot follows five months after
 the second.
This series gradually builds up the
 body's immunity to the Hepatitis B
 virus.
Human Immunodeficiency
        Virus (HIV)
• AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency
  syndrome, is caused by a virus called the
  human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV.
• It may be many years before AIDS actually
  develops.
• HIV attacks the body's immune system,
  weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly
  diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while
  treatment for it is improving, there is no known
  cure.
HIV and Direct Contact
The HIV virus is very fragile and will not
 survive very long outside of the human
 body. It is primarily of concern to
 employees providing first aid or medical
 care in situations involving fresh blood or
 other potentially infectious materials.
HIV Symptoms
Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often
  include:
     •   Weakness
     •   Fever
     •   Sore throat
     •   Nausea
     •   Headaches
     •   Diarrhea
     •   White coating on the tongue
     •   Weight loss
     •   Swollen lymph glands
Blood borne Pathogen
             Transmission
Blood borne pathogens are transmitted
  through contact with infected human blood
  and other body fluids such as:
     •   Semen
     •   Vaginal secretions
     •   Cerebrospinal fluid
     •   Synovial fluid
     •   Pleural fluid
     •   Peritoneal fluid
     •   Amniotic fluid
     •   Saliva
Skin Provides a Barrier
Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against
 blood borne pathogens. However, infected blood
 can enter your system through:
      •   Open sores
      •   Cuts
      •   Abrasions
      •   Acne
      •   Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as
          sunburn or blisters
Mucous Membranes
Blood borne pathogens may also be
  transmitted through the mucous
  membranes of the
     • Eyes
     • Nose
     • Mouth
Signs & Labels
Warning labels must be placed
 on containers of regulated
 waste, refrigerators and
 freezers containing blood or
 other potentially infectious
 material; and other containers
 used to store, transport, or
 ship blood or other potentially
 infectious materials.
What is Regulated Waste?
 Any liquid or semi-liquid blood or other
potentially infectious materials.

 Contaminated items that would release blood or
other potentially infectious materials in a liquid
or semi-liquid state if compressed.

 Items that are caked with dried blood or other
potentially infectious materials
Emergencies

In an emergency situation, always use
  Universal Precautions
     Minimize your exposure by wearing
     • Gloves
     • Splash goggles
     • Pocket mouth-to-mouth resuscitation masks
     • Other barrier devices
If you are exposed
• Wash the exposed area
  thoroughly with soap and
  running water.
• Use non-abrasive,
  antibacterial soap
• Flush mouth, nose, eyes for
  15 minutes if blood is
  splashed in mucous
  membranes
Other Actions if Exposed
• Report the exposure to your supervisor
• Fill out an exposure report form
• Request blood testing & Hepatitis B
  vaccination
Personal Protective
Equipment
The best protection against exposure is to ensure
  you are wearing the appropriate personal
  protective equipment (PPE). For example, you
  may have noticed that emergency medical
  personnel, doctors, nurses, dentists, dental
  assistants, and other health care professionals
  always wear latex or protective gloves. To
  protect yourself, it is essential to have a barrier
  between you and the potentially infectious
  material.
Rules to follow:
• Treat all blood or potentially infectious body
  fluids as if they are contaminated.
• Always wear personal protective equipment in
  exposure situations.
• Replace PPE that is torn or punctured.
• Remove PPE before leaving the work area.
• Properly disinfect or dispose of used PPE
• Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
Gloves
• Gloves should be made of latex, nitril, rubber, or
  other water impervious materials.
• Inspect gloves before use
• Double gloving can provide an additional layer
  of protection.
• If you have cuts or sores on your hands, you
  should cover these with a bandage or similar
  protection as an additional precaution before
  donning your gloves.
• Don’t touch the outside of used gloves
Goggles, Face Shields &
Aprons
• Use goggles if there is a risk
  of splashing or vaporization
  of contaminated fluids
• Face shields provide
  additional face protection for
  the nose and mouth.
• Aprons protect
Contaminated Clothing
• Remove clothing that is contaminated with
  blood as soon as possible
• Use Universal Precautions when handling
  contaminated laundry
• Place clothing in approved & labeled bags
  or containers
Hand Washing
• Hand washing is one of the most important
  (and easiest) practices used to prevent
  transmission of blood borne pathogens.
• Wash hands or other exposed skin
  thoroughly as soon as possible following
  an exposure incident.
• Use antibacterial soap
• Don’t use harsh, abrasive soaps
Hygiene Rules
If you are working in an area where there is
   reasonable likelihood of exposure, you
   should never:
     • Eat
     • Drink
     • Smoke
     • Apply cosmetics or lip balm
     • Handle contact lenses
Food Rules
Do not keep food or drink in
 refrigerators, freezers, shelves,
 cabinets, or on counter tops
 where blood or potentially
 infectious materials are present.
Decontamination &
          Sterilization
All surfaces, tools, equipment and other
 objects that come in contact with blood or
 potentially infectious materials must be
 decontaminated and sterilized as soon as
 possible. Equipment and tools must be
 cleaned and decontaminated before
 servicing or being put back to use.
Decontamination
• Solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite
  (household bleach) diluted between 1:10 and
  1:100 with water. The standard recommendation
  is to use at least a quarter cup of bleach per one
  gallon of water.
• Use Lysol or some other EPA-registered
  tuberculoid disinfectant. Check the label of all
  disinfectants to make sure they meet this
  requirement.
Spill Cleanup
• Carefully cover the spill with paper towels
  or rags
• Gently pour 10% solution of bleach over
  the towels or rags
• Let sit for 10 minutes
• Wear gloves to collect & dispose of waste
Precautions with Needles
• Recap needles only with a
  mechanical device.
• Use forceps, pliers, or broom
  and dust pan to move needles
• Never break or shear needles.
• Needles must be disposed in
  labeled sharps containers
Broken Glassware

• Broken glassware should be sterilized with
  an approved disinfectant solution before it
  is disturbed or cleaned up.
• Glassware that has been decontaminated
  may be disposed of in an appropriate
  sharps container
• Don’t pick up broken glassware with your
  hands
Summery
• Always know what you are working with
• Use proper PPE in situations with Blood
  borne Pathogens
• Report all suspected exposures
• Don't handle sharps or broken glass
  with your hands
• Properly dispose of pathogen waste, PPE
  and Sharps

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Blood borne Pathogens

  • 2. What Are Blood borne Pathogens? Blood borne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people.
  • 3. Types of Blood borne Pathogens Blood borne Pathogens Include – Malaria – Syphilis – Brucellosis – Hepatitis B (HBV) – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • 4. Hepatitis B (HBV)… is a virus that infection and inflammation of the liver is transmitted primarily through "blood to blood" contact can lead to serious conditions such as cirrhosis & liver cancer can survive in dried blood for up to seven days
  • 5. No Cure for HBV There is no "cure" or specific treatment for HBV Many people develop antibodies to fight the disease which may prevent future infection
  • 6. HBV Symptoms Mild flu-like symptoms Fatigue Possible stomach pain Loss of appetite Nausea Jaundice Darkened urine
  • 7. Hepatitis B Vaccinations Employees who have routine exposure to blood borne pathogens (such as doctors, nurses, first aid responders, etc) shall be offered the Hepatitis B vaccine series at no cost to themselves unless: – They have previously received the vaccine series – Antibody testing has revealed they are immune – The vaccine is contraindicated for medical reasons In these cases they need not be offered the series.
  • 8. Vaccination Process Series of three shots. Second shot is given one month after the first Third shot follows five months after the second. This series gradually builds up the body's immunity to the Hepatitis B virus.
  • 9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. • It may be many years before AIDS actually develops. • HIV attacks the body's immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease, and while treatment for it is improving, there is no known cure.
  • 10. HIV and Direct Contact The HIV virus is very fragile and will not survive very long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other potentially infectious materials.
  • 11. HIV Symptoms Symptoms of HIV infection can vary, but often include: • Weakness • Fever • Sore throat • Nausea • Headaches • Diarrhea • White coating on the tongue • Weight loss • Swollen lymph glands
  • 12. Blood borne Pathogen Transmission Blood borne pathogens are transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as: • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluid • Synovial fluid • Pleural fluid • Peritoneal fluid • Amniotic fluid • Saliva
  • 13. Skin Provides a Barrier Unbroken skin forms an impervious barrier against blood borne pathogens. However, infected blood can enter your system through: • Open sores • Cuts • Abrasions • Acne • Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters
  • 14. Mucous Membranes Blood borne pathogens may also be transmitted through the mucous membranes of the • Eyes • Nose • Mouth
  • 15. Signs & Labels Warning labels must be placed on containers of regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material; and other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially infectious materials.
  • 16. What is Regulated Waste? Any liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious materials. Contaminated items that would release blood or other potentially infectious materials in a liquid or semi-liquid state if compressed. Items that are caked with dried blood or other potentially infectious materials
  • 17. Emergencies In an emergency situation, always use Universal Precautions Minimize your exposure by wearing • Gloves • Splash goggles • Pocket mouth-to-mouth resuscitation masks • Other barrier devices
  • 18. If you are exposed • Wash the exposed area thoroughly with soap and running water. • Use non-abrasive, antibacterial soap • Flush mouth, nose, eyes for 15 minutes if blood is splashed in mucous membranes
  • 19. Other Actions if Exposed • Report the exposure to your supervisor • Fill out an exposure report form • Request blood testing & Hepatitis B vaccination
  • 20. Personal Protective Equipment The best protection against exposure is to ensure you are wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). For example, you may have noticed that emergency medical personnel, doctors, nurses, dentists, dental assistants, and other health care professionals always wear latex or protective gloves. To protect yourself, it is essential to have a barrier between you and the potentially infectious material.
  • 21. Rules to follow: • Treat all blood or potentially infectious body fluids as if they are contaminated. • Always wear personal protective equipment in exposure situations. • Replace PPE that is torn or punctured. • Remove PPE before leaving the work area. • Properly disinfect or dispose of used PPE • Wash hands immediately after removing PPE
  • 22. Gloves • Gloves should be made of latex, nitril, rubber, or other water impervious materials. • Inspect gloves before use • Double gloving can provide an additional layer of protection. • If you have cuts or sores on your hands, you should cover these with a bandage or similar protection as an additional precaution before donning your gloves. • Don’t touch the outside of used gloves
  • 23. Goggles, Face Shields & Aprons • Use goggles if there is a risk of splashing or vaporization of contaminated fluids • Face shields provide additional face protection for the nose and mouth. • Aprons protect
  • 24. Contaminated Clothing • Remove clothing that is contaminated with blood as soon as possible • Use Universal Precautions when handling contaminated laundry • Place clothing in approved & labeled bags or containers
  • 25. Hand Washing • Hand washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens. • Wash hands or other exposed skin thoroughly as soon as possible following an exposure incident. • Use antibacterial soap • Don’t use harsh, abrasive soaps
  • 26. Hygiene Rules If you are working in an area where there is reasonable likelihood of exposure, you should never: • Eat • Drink • Smoke • Apply cosmetics or lip balm • Handle contact lenses
  • 27. Food Rules Do not keep food or drink in refrigerators, freezers, shelves, cabinets, or on counter tops where blood or potentially infectious materials are present.
  • 28. Decontamination & Sterilization All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that come in contact with blood or potentially infectious materials must be decontaminated and sterilized as soon as possible. Equipment and tools must be cleaned and decontaminated before servicing or being put back to use.
  • 29. Decontamination • Solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) diluted between 1:10 and 1:100 with water. The standard recommendation is to use at least a quarter cup of bleach per one gallon of water. • Use Lysol or some other EPA-registered tuberculoid disinfectant. Check the label of all disinfectants to make sure they meet this requirement.
  • 30. Spill Cleanup • Carefully cover the spill with paper towels or rags • Gently pour 10% solution of bleach over the towels or rags • Let sit for 10 minutes • Wear gloves to collect & dispose of waste
  • 31. Precautions with Needles • Recap needles only with a mechanical device. • Use forceps, pliers, or broom and dust pan to move needles • Never break or shear needles. • Needles must be disposed in labeled sharps containers
  • 32. Broken Glassware • Broken glassware should be sterilized with an approved disinfectant solution before it is disturbed or cleaned up. • Glassware that has been decontaminated may be disposed of in an appropriate sharps container • Don’t pick up broken glassware with your hands
  • 33. Summery • Always know what you are working with • Use proper PPE in situations with Blood borne Pathogens • Report all suspected exposures • Don't handle sharps or broken glass with your hands • Properly dispose of pathogen waste, PPE and Sharps