The document discusses different types of facility and plant layouts. It describes layout as planning the location of machines, workstations, storage areas, and infrastructure to optimize material and personnel flow. The objectives are to develop an economical layout that meets production needs while considering building constraints. Key factors for the layout decision include production type and scale, equipment, and expansion potential. The main types discussed are product/line layout, which facilitates continuous flow but requires more capital; process/functional layout, which has lower initial costs but higher material handling; and combination layouts.

1. Plant Layout

2. Facilitylayout Planning: for the location of all machines, utilities, employee workstations, customer service areas, material storage areas, aisles, restrooms, lunchrooms, internal walls, offices, and computer rooms for the flow patterns of materials and people around, into, and within buildings infrastructure services such as the delivery of line communications, energy, and water and the removal of waste water all make up basic utilities

3. Characteristics of the Facility Layout Decision Infrequent Expensive to implement Studied and evaluated extensively Long-term commitments

4. Objectives of the Layout Strategy Develop an economical layout which will meet the requirements of: product design and volume (product strategy) Process equipment and capacity (process strategy) quality of work life (human resource strategy) building and site constraints (location strategy)

5. Importance of Layout Facilitates: Manufacturing process. Facilitates quick movements by reduction of transportation & waiting time Minimises material movement & handling. Efficient utilisation of resources: Men, Materials, Machines. Achieves efficiency by effective planning. Improves quality of operations by proper selection of plant, machinery, operations & sequencing.

6. Factors Affecting thePlant Layout Decision Types of Production Scale of Production Type of machines Type of Building Facilities Availability of Total Floor Area Possibility of Future Expansion Arrangement of Material Handling Equipment

7. 7 MKS-BTMII-LEC2 Flow Pattern (b) L-Flow (a) I-Flow I-Flow: Separate receiving and shipping area L-Flow: When straight line flow chart to be accommodated U-Flow: Very popular as a combination of receiving and shipping. O-Flow: When it is desired to terminate the flow near where it is originated. S-Flow: When the production line is long and zigzagging on the production floor is required. (c) U-Flow (e) O-Flow (d) S-Flow

8. TYPES OF PLANT LAYOUTS 1. Product or Line layout 2. Process or Functional layout 3. Fixed Position or Project layout 4. Combination layout (Mixed layout)

9. Product or Line layout

10. ADVANTAGES OF PRODUCT LAYOUT 1. Low cost material handling 2. Smooth and uninterrupted operations 3. Continuous flow of work 4. Optimum use of floor space 5. Shorter processing time 6. Simple and effective inspection of work

11. Disadvantages 1. High initial capital investment 2. Heavy overhead charges 3. Lesser flexibility

12. PROCESS LAYOUT

13. ADVANTAGES OF PROCESSLAYOUT 1. Lower initial capital investment 2. The overhead cost are relatively low 3. Supervision can be more effective and specialised 4. Greater flexibility

14. DISADVANTAGES OF PROCESSLAYOUT 1. Material handling costs are high due to backtracking 2. More skilled labour is required 3. More frequent inspection is needed

15. FIXED POSITION OR PROJECTLAYOUT

16. ADVANTAGES OF FIXEDPOSITION LAYOUT 1. It saves time and cost involved on the movement of work from one work station to another 2. The layout is flexible as change in job design and operation sequence can be easily incorporated 3. It is more economical when several orders in different stages of progress are being executed simultaneously

17. DISADVANTAGES OF FIXEDPOSITION LAYOUT 1. Production period being very long, capital investment is very heavy 2. Very large space is required for storage of material and equipment near the product

18. COMBINATION LAYOUT