Virology table temp
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Virology table
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Virology table temp
- 1. SINGLE-STRANDED, DNA, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Parvoviridae • Human parvovirus B-19 • Exanthema in children (Fifth disease) • Haemolytic crisis in people With sickle cell disease • Serology, • PCR • Can not be cultivated in typical lab. C.C DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, ICOSAHEDRAL, NON ENVELOPED VIRUSES Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Adenoviridae • Mastadenovirus • Respiratory infections in humans (cold) • Gastrointestinal- Infantile diarrhea • Eye infections keratoconjunctivitis • Aerosolized droplet/airborne • Cell culture Papoviridae • Papillomavirus (human wart virus) • Induce tumors • Cause cancer in animals. • Direct contact • Sexual contact for genital warts • Can not grow in C.C • Polyomavirus
- 2. DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA, COMPLEX ENVELOPED VIRUSES Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Poxviridae • Orthopoxvirus • Smallpox • Cow pox Abrasions, aerosol • Molluscipoxvirus • Monkey pox Fomites Direct contact with wound Herpesviridae • Simplexvirus (HHV1) • Acute Gingivostomatitis • Herpes labialis (cold sore) • Skin infection • Herpetic Keratitis • Herpes Encephalitis • Neonatal herpes ( during passage through birth canal) • Contact with Cold sores, saliva in or around the mouth and lips. • Oral sex • Laboratory Diagnosis • Specimen: vesicular fluid, swab from base of the ulcer. • Immunofluorescence of skin scrapings - can distinguish between HSV and VZV • Virus isolation… rabbit • Serology, ELISA • PCR • Electron microscope • Simplexvirus (HHV 2) Genital herpes Neonatal herpes(virus crosses placental berrier) Sexual contact • Varicella-zoster virus (HHV 3) • Varicella (chickenpox) Encephalitis Pneumonia Reye's syndrome. Neonatal varicella • Zoster (shingella) Vesicular rash along the affected cutaneous sensory nerves Via respiratory route
- 3. • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), HHV 4) • Infectious mononucleosis • Fever • Sore throat • Swollen lymph nodes • Of rare death is rupture of enlarged spleen. Saliva (kissing ) Very rarely through blood transfusions. • Increased WBCs • PCR • Humoral immune response, called the heterophile response, is the basis for the serologic tests used to screen for infectious mononucleosis • Heterophyl antibody test [monospot test]). • Rapid slide agglutination test. • A fluorescent- antibody test that detect igm antibodies against eb virus is the most specific diagnostic method. • Cytomegalovirus (HHV 5), (CMV) • CNS abnormalities - microcephaly, mental retardation, • Eye - optic atrophy • Ear - deafness • Liver - hepatosplenomegaly and jaundice which is due to hepatitis. • Lung - pneumonitis • Heart - myocarditis • Thrombocytopenic purpura, Haemolytic anaemia • Utero, perinatally, or postnatally. • Sexual transmission • Blood and blood products • Organ transplant • Detection of intranuclear cytomegalic inclusions (owl eye’s) in tissues, or desquamated cells in urine. • PCR • Isolation of virus
- 4. Roseolovirus (HHV 6) • HHV 7 (T-lymphotropic virus) • Kaposi's sarcoma (HHV 8) Hepadnaviridae • Hepadnavirus (Hepatitis B virus) • Hepatitis B • Liver cancer • Loss of appetite • Fever joint pains • Jaundice. • Blood, and body fluids.
- 5. SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, + STRAND, ICOSAHEDRA, NON ENVELOPED Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Picornaviridae • Enterovirus • Respiratory. Or fecal-oral • Rhinovirus • Common cold • 3- Hepatitis A virus • Hepatitis a • Serology, by finding IgM anti -HAV Caliciviridae • Hepatitis E virus • Hepatitis E • Norovirus • Gastroenteritis • Can not be cultivated in C.C Single-stranded RNA, + strand, ENVELOPED Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Togaviridae • Alpha virus • Eastern equine encephalitis • Western equine encephalitis • Arthropods • Rubi virus • Rubella • German measles • Respiratory route
- 6. Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Flaviviridae • Flavivirus • Yellow fever • Dengue • SLE, • Viral encephalitis • 2- Hepatitis C virus • Cirrhosis or cancer • Blood or body fluids • Serology • Test for anti- HCV • PESTIVIRUS • Coronaviridae • Coronavirus • Upper respiratory tract diseases • Common cold • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) • PCR • Serology SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, – STRAND, ENVELOPED Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Rhabdoviridae • Vesiculovirus • Causes diseases in animals • Lyssavirus • Rabies
- 7. • Filoviridae • Filovirus • Ebola • Marburg Paramyxoviridae • Paramyxovirus • Parainfluenza • Mumps • Newcastle disease • Morbillivirus • Measles Bunyaviridae • Bunyavirus • California encephalitis virus • Hantavirus • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever • Rift Valley fever • Either touching infected animal blood, • Breathing in the air around an infected animal being butchered, • Drinking raw milk from an infected animal • The bite of infected mosquitoes. Deltaviridae • Hepatitis D • Depends on coinfection with Hepadnavirus Orthomyxoviridae • Influenzavirus • A and B) • Influenza C virus • Envelope spikes can agglutinate RBCs
- 8. Arenaviridae • Arenavirus • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis • Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever • Lassa fever SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, TWO RNA STRANDS, PRODUCE DNA Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Retroviridae (Use reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from viral genome Includes all RNA tumor viruses) • Lentivirus (HIV) • HIV • Oncogenic viruses • Leukemia and tumors in animals DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, NON ENVELOPED Viral family Important genera Diseases Transmission Diagnosis Reoviridae • Reovirus • Mild respiratory infections • Gastroenteritis • Colorado tick fever • Colorado tick fever