Biotracker Presentation-Technology Mediated Social Participation
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Biotracker presentation given at a series of NSF-funded workshops on Technology Mediated Social Participation. March 7, 2011.
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Biotracker Presentation-Technology Mediated Social Participation
- 1. Melding human and machine capabilities to document the world’s living organisms University of Maryland TMSP series March 7, 2011
- 2. Project Team ArijitBiswas (CS, Doctoral student); Anne Bowser (iSchool, Masters student); Jen Hammock (EOL); Derek Hansen (iSchool); David Jacobs (CS, UMIACS); Darcy Lewis (iSchool, doctoral student); Cyndy Parr (EOL); Jenny Preece (iSchool); Dana Rotman (iSchool, Doctoral student); Erin Stewart (iSchool Masters student); Eric (CS, Undergrad student)
- 3. What we will talk about… Research aims Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Scientists, citizen scientists, enthusiasts Identifying leaves: Machine vision approach Odd Leaf Out Field Mission Games Questions and Discussion
- 5. First research question What are the most effective strategies for motivating enthusiasts and experts to voluntarily contribute and collaborate?
- 8. The biodiversity crisis Global collapse of commercial fisheries by 2053
- 9. A crisis in science
- 10. Citizen science Photo credit: Mary Keim NA Butterfly Association Fourth of July Count Photo credit: Cornell Univ. Audubon Christmas Bird Count
- 11. Powerful citizen science data http://ebird.org
- 12. More species, less training Bioblitzes Geocaching
- 13. The Encyclopedia of Life Imagine an electronic page for each species of organism on Earth.
- 14. EOL is a content curation community Content providers Databases Journals LifeDesks Public contributions Curating Commenting Tagging http://www.eol.org
- 16. 2.8 million pages500 thousand pages with Creative Commons content
- 17. Over 2 million data objects and >1 million pages with links to research literature
- 18. Traffic in past year: 1.7 million unique users, 6.2 million page viewsEOL statistics
- 19. Scientists and volunteers "Scientists often have an aversion to what nonscientists say about science” (Salk, 1986) Collaboration is based on several factors: Shared vocabulary, practices, and meanings Mutual recognition of knowledge, competency, and prestige Motivation to collaborate
- 20. Motivations for participation Participation in social activities stems from personal and collective reasons Collectivism Principalism Egoism Altruism Batson, Ahmad, Tsang, 2002
- 21. Pilot study – scientists’ motivational factors Faculty/ research position
- 22. Pilot study – volunteers’ motivational factors Years of experience
- 23. Second research question How can a socially intelligent system be used to direct human effort and expertise to the most valuable collection and classification tasks?
- 24. Mobile devices for plant species ID Build new digital collections Image-based search to assist in identification Make this available on mobile devices Use this platform to build user communities Collaboration with dozens of people at Columbia University, the Smithsonian NMNH, and UMD.
- 25. New images For EOL, people using mobile devices, highest quality images of live specimens. For Botanists: digitize 90,000+ Type Specimens at Smithsonian And for machines, images that capture leaf diversity
- 26. Computer Vision for species ID Use a photo to search a data set of known species. Goal is to assist the user, not make identification fully automatic. Take a photo of a leaf on a plain background.
- 27. 2. Automatic segmentation and stem removal Segmentation relies on value and saturation of pixels, EM algorithm, domain knowledge.
- 28. Must handle diversity of shapes Humulusjaponicus Ipomoea lacunosa
- 31. System accuracy
- 34. Odd Leaf Out
- 35. Odd Leaf Out
- 36. Biotracker field missions Developing mobile-social games that motivate citizens to collect and validate useful scientific data Smart Phone as Data Collection Tool Inspirations Geocaching Letterboxing BioBlitz SFZero Project Noah Biotracker Missions
- 37. Biotracker field missions Next steps - prototyping and user testing Low fidelity prototypes Field testing at UMD
- 38. Questions and Discussion www.biotrackers.net
Notas do Editor
- Christmas bird countBioblitzesAmphibian declines
- The United Nations has declared 2010 the International Year of Biodiversity in recognition of the importance of biological diversity and the looming biodiversity crisis. Biological diversity provides ecosystem services critical to our planet. As much as 90% of the needs of the world’s poorest people depend directly on biodiversity for food, fuel, medicine, etc. [1]. Each species represents a volume in a “living library,” as each has evolved solutions to nature’s challenges, solutions that can benefit human society. For example, the genomics revolution and half of our synthetic drugs were made possible by understanding the characteristics of particular species [2]. Yet the rate of species loss is currently 100 to 1,000 times estimates of historical extinction rates, and these rates are increasing with climate change [2]. Recent assessments indicate that, for example, nearly 25% of mammals and one-third of amphibians are endangered or threatened [3].Scientists alone cannot end the biodiversity crisis. Progress in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity will depend on the interface of science with both policy and the public. This is not only because the public must appreciate and understand biodiversity in order to be motivated to conserve it. There are nearly 2 million known species and potentially millions more are still undocumented. Without help, professional biologists will be unable to describe many of these species before they disappear from the planet, especially those in biodiversity-rich but economically poorer countries [4].Public participation can address the biodiversity crisis in several areas. One area is assembling existing knowledge on the 1.9 million species known to science. Doing so can accelerate the pace of research and new species description by making freely available, searchable, and re-usable the information currently in libraries or in local databases inaccessible to most of the world’s scientists. Addressing this need is the primary mission of the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL, http://www.eol.org), an international project headquartered at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. In addition to mash-ups of existing scientific databases, we are combining a crowd-sourcing approach with expert review to achieve a high-quality central clearinghouse for species information.
- Most citizen science . . .Is driven by scientistsIs analyzed by scientistsWorks best for charismatic speciesWorks best for simple observations or classificationRequires training – so sustained engagement desirableBioblitz is a 24-hour inventory of species in a particular location
- So, the approach of EOL is rather different than many other sites. EOL is a giant mashup that creates pages, that are then available for curators (mostly credentialed scientists) to assess and rate, or for anybody to provide comments or tags.
- Research QuestionsHow can we motivate users to continue to play when we are dealing with imperfect data that will sometimes provide two “correct” answers?What useful data for algorithm refinement can a game of tagging the least-similar image provide?How can data provided by novices users be employed to enhance the work of experts?ImplicationsImproving machine vision algorithms based on human performance.Minimizing the number of data sets that must be hand-verified by scientists and expertsProviding insight on what image factors provide for the best human identification of leavesProviding information on the extent that other game motivation techniques1 work for scientific identification games