Bill 大四下書報討論 Seminar, Life Science, Bill Peng, Sponge, Keynote,

1. Sources of Secondary
Metabolite Variation in
Dysidea avara:
The Importance of
Having Good Neighbors
Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 489-503
Published: 18 February 2013
Sonia De Caralt, Delphine Bry, Nataly Bontemps,
Xavier Turon, Maria-Jesus Uriz and Bernard Banaigs
報告學⽣生：彭毅弘 指導⽼老師：陳俊宏
2013.3.26

2. 2
Report Procedure
Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions

3. 3
Introduction

4. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Sponges v.s Terrestrial systems 4
Marine invertebrates, especially sponges, are a prolific
source of novel secondary metabolites with pharmacological
applications
Many studies targeting marine sponges have established
parallels with studies on plants in terrestrial systems.

5. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Model organism: Dysidea avara 5
http://www.natuurlijkmooi.net/adriatische_zee/sponzen/dysidea_avara.htm

6. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Model organism: Dysidea avara 6
Dysidea avara is a common
Mediterranean sublittoral
demosponge that produces
the sesquiterpene
hydroquinone avarol

7. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Temporal Variation of Metabolites 7
Minor
5′-monoacetylavarol
Major
Avarol (R - H)
Structure of
compounds from
D. avara

8. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Traditional view point: “trade-off” in resources 8
Optimal Defence Theory:
Secretion of secondary
organisms’ defence
matabolites depends on the
trade-off in resource
allocation between the
organisms’ defence and their trade-off
primary biological functions
such as reproduction and/or
growth
primary biological
functions:
reproduction and/or
growth

9. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Hypothesis 9
Time Change
Temperature Change
Optimal Defence Theory
organisms’ defence
Secondary
Metabolite
reproduction and/
or growth

10. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
The aim of this work was to...... 10
1 Study temporal and intra-individual variability of avarol
yields in a population of Dysidea avara from the NW
Mediterranean Sea
2 Search for biotic and abiotic factors related to this
variability
Is the hypothesis right?
What’s the benefit?

11. 11
Experimental Section

12. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Sampling 12
NW Mediterranean sea
1 temporal variability
10 individuals once a
month over 2 years
presence of brooded
embryos verifying by
stereomicroscope
2 intra-individual variation
in production
sampled 90 individuals in
June 2010

13. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Sampling 13
NW Mediterranean sea
1 temporal variability
10 individuals once a
month over 2 years
presence of brooded
embryos verifying by
stereomicroscope
2 intra-individual variation
in production
sampled 90 individuals in
June 2010

14. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Sampling 14
NW Mediterranean sea
1 temporal variability
10 individuals once a
month over 2 years
presence of brooded
embryos verifying by
stereomicroscope
2 intra-individual variation
in production
sampled 90 individuals in
June 2010

15. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B HPLC Analysis and Quantification 15
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) injection

16. 16
Results
2.1. Temporal Variation of Metabolites

17. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A The time course 17
The time course of the concentrations of the two metabolites

18. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A The time course 18
avarol
The time course of the concentrations of the two metabolites
5’-monoacetylavarol

19. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A The time course: reproductive period 19
reproductive period

20. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A The time course: statistically significant 20
statistically significa
nt differences

21. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B Seasonal Pattern 21
Both compounds followed approximately the
same seasonal pattern.
Significant differences between months were
found for both metabolites.

22. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B Seasonal Pattern: avarol 22

23. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B Seasonal Pattern: 5’-monoacetylavarol 23

24. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: avarol 24
Cross-correlation analyses of
avarol concentration versus temperature
95% CI
Correlation
Time Lag

25. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: avarol 25
95% CI Secretion %
1 2 3 4 5 6
Correlation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Temperature
Time Lag

26. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: avarol 26
95% CI Secretion %
1 2 3 4 5 6
Correlation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Temperature
Time Lag

27. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: avarol 27
95% CI Secretion %
1 2 3 4 5 6
Correlation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Temperature
Time Lag

28. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: avarol 28
Cross-correlation analyses of
avarol concentration versus temperature
95% CI
Correlation
Time Lag

29. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Autocorrelation plots: 5’-monoacetyl avarol 29
Cross-correlation analyses of
5’-monoacetyl avarol concentration versus temperature
95% CI
Correlation
Time Lag

30. 30
Results
2.2. Intra-Individual Variation of Metabolites

31. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Average percentage of avarol and 5’-monoacetylavarol 31
mg of the secondary metabolite
mg of sponge dry weight
central part periphery zones peripheral zones
of the sponges in contact in close contact with
with algae other invertebrates

32. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B Average percentage of avarol 32
Kruskal-Wallis test
No significant differences ？

33. 33
Discussion

34. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
The aim of this work was to...... 34
1 Study temporal and intra-individual variability of avarol
yields in a population of Dysidea avara from the NW
Mediterranean Sea
2 Search for biotic and abiotic factors related to this
variability
Is the hypothesis right?
What’s the benefit?

35. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 35
Previous Understanding:
production of secondary
metabolites: trade-off organisms’ defence
in resource allocation.
trade-off
That is not true! 3 reasons:
1 2 3
primary biological
functions:
reproduction and/or
growth

36. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 36
1 No relationship existed with
current temperature and
with temperature in the
preceding months.

37. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 37
2 Highest concentrations
derivative coincided with
the brooding period
No negative relationship
with reproduction could be
substantiated

38. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 38
3 Minima of metabolite
concentration:
autumn of 2009
But!!
Minimal values not repeated
in the second year.
Sympatric sponge:
the highest values of
toxicity were found in
autumn

39. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 39
3 Minima of metabolite
concentration:
autumn of 2009
But!!
Minimal values not repeated
in the second year.
Sympatric sponge:
the highest values of
toxicity were found in
autumn

40. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
A Species-specific factors affect the metabolite production 40
From 1 2 3
The need of long-term
studies of metabolite
variation in a range of
species
The existence of species-
specific factors that could
affect the metabolite
production in sponges.

41. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
B Sponge defences can be locally induced 41
The lack of a consistent in
1 temporal trend
2 intra- and inter-individual
3 central and peripheral zones
sponge defences can be locally induced to some extent
Opens new possibilities to enhance metabolite production
in this species for which culture methods have been
developed.

42. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
C Metabolite with allelopathic role 42
Avarol is a metabolite with an allelopathic role in space
competition with long-lived invertebrates.
Other functions of avarol cannot be excluded.

43. 43
Conclusions

44. Introduction Experimental Section Results Discussion Conclusions
Conclusions & Take Home Massage 44
1 A natural variation in the amount of avarol appears to be
intrinsic to the species but modulated by the nature of the
neighbors in close contact, which makes it difficult to
outline a consistent temporal pattern.
2 The type of organisms in close contact with the target
species should be considered in temporal surveys
3 This finding opens new biotechnological approaches to
enhance the metabolite supply in sponge cultures by
developing experimental settings that incorporate
interactions with competing species.

45. 45
Acknowledgement
感謝陳俊宏⽼老師指導
感謝頡仁、彝禎、穎驊聆聽預講
感謝靳宗洛⽼老師、施秀慧⽼老師、⾼高⽂文媛⽼老師提供建議
感謝各位同學的聆聽！

46. Thanks for
Listening!
46