Safe structures - Education for engineers
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Presentation given at the invitation of the SASICE research group on June 6th 2011 and hosted by the Catholic University of Leuven (KUL). It gathers some ideas for teaching structural safety and reliability to engineers.
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Safe structures - Education for engineers
- 1. Safe structures Benoit PARMENTIER Head Division Structures BBRI (www.bbri.be) Engineers Education Needs from the Industry
- 2. BBRI Knowledge system (some) BBRI Collaborations It is like a PCM (phase changing material)
- 3. New generation of Societal needs Techno logies Engineers Global competitors Safe structures = Basics Society wants more… Digital Natives Worldwide Computing Communication …
- 4. Digital natives (DN) © Prodis
- 5. Know where to find the reliable & up-to-date scientific information …Infobesity…
- 6. Wikipedia : > 1 000 000 entries > 5000 contributors
- 7. Slender Lighter Complex Multi-functional (Outsized)
- 8. Technology offers new tools for design Are DN ready to use it (safely) ? Keep FEM learning attractive
- 9. Design situations Actions Combination of Actions Effects Materials Structural behaviour Know uncertainties
- 10. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1982 2010 Waregem (2005) [We do not design for all situations]… Number of Tornadoes in Belgium
- 11. [Example : Ponding effect] Ponding effect
- 13. Where do the rain go ? Should be a design situation ?
- 14. Semi-probabilistic approach Joint Committee on Structural Safety (JCSS)
- 15. p (overload) z z1 z2 qh1(z) γd ϕ’ c’ γs at - γw qh2(z) Watertight structure Combination of Actions -External -Imposed deformations
- 16. Roissy-T2E (2004, 5 deaths) This is partly due to (combination of) thermal effects…
- 17. Know the background of safety factors Know how to reduce it (safely) Reliability differentiation (Consequence Classes – See Eurocode 0)
- 18. Feel the (behaviour of the) structure From the structure… …to the element
- 20. Creativity
- 21. Standardization > Eurocodes ©Ney & Partners
- 22. Refining the mesh if appropriate ?? ©BBRI
- 23. Fibres with L=60mm and 30kg/m³ 138 000 fibres in 1 m³ Fibre Reinforced Concrete © Benoit Parmentier
- 24. X 3 12 samples 20 kg/m³ same fibre
- 25. Master constitutive laws Use real case-studies Fibre Reinforced Concrete in tension
- 26. Anticipate failure mechanisms Weakest link
- 27. Know solutions for pre-design
- 28. Major collapses Learning lessons
- 30. Mitigate the risks at lowest costs “ We should be prepared to be surprised. ” Patrick Lagadec
- 31. Master costs Vs. performance
- 33. [Recap] Feel the structure & material behaviour Benefit from calculation power (numerical methods) Able to pre-design Try to reduce safety factors (if appropriate and safely) Add value for worldwide competition Be prepared for unexpected (beyond probabilistic approaches) Manage ethics Future engineers must… to design (economically) safe structures…
- 34. BBRI - Lab. Structures bp@bbri.be
- 35. [Credits] #4 http://benoitraphael.com/tag/digital-natives #5 http://www.sxc.hu/photo/477966 #6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_engineering #7 Herzog & DeMeuron - http://tinyurl.com/3ww4cbw Ghery & Milunic Unfcccecosingapore - http://tinyurl.com/3maywn3 Contemporist.com - http://tinyurl.com/6beqdt Ney & Partners – Knokke footbridge #8 http://www.scia-online.com #9 http://www.sxc.hu/photo/496498 #10 www.meteo.be #12 S. Wijte #14 S. Wijte #17 Dherte s.a. #18 CTK #20 O. Burdet – EPFL #22 Cement n°4 – 2008 #29 http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-369060-the-weakest-link.php #30 http://www.vermonttimberworks.com/timber-frame.html #33 www.cartoonstock.com
Notas do Editor
- We have different visions due to our collaborations (global view of the sector)Skills specific to different activities and some are common.We are a « PCM » system.
- 25% of the chinese population with the higher IQ is greater than the population of North America : they have more honor kids than they (we) have kids.Techno : numerical, cloud, communication (digitally), positioning systems, maintenance, lasers, …
- Créatifs, multi-tâches, mobiles, collaboratifs, interconnectés, habitués à avoir l’info rapidement ; Google has the answer.But are they (civ engineers) always thinking about FEM tools for working with ?
- 3000 books are published every day but think only about digital medias !They will promptly go to internet to find information (reflex). But what kind of information ? Continuous learning cyles…
- Wikipedia : 1 111 232 articles and more than 5000 active contributors (2011).135 000 entries en French dictionnaryUp-to-date ? Reliable ? (reflex for DN)
- Sustainability, back to vernacular architecture ?So high structures (think about Burj Khalifa in Dubai ; between brackets, I heared that the appartements were not promptly sold).
- 9/10 large projects in civil engineering are calculated now with FEM.DN do not want automatically work with FEM…(paradox)
- Costs evolution is inversely proportional to Number of occurrences (let’s say average return period)All situations must be considered (not calculated with details)
- Problems with water discharge systemsSecond order phenomenon/effect
- From tree leaves
- 1976 : first version of JCSS report (Bulletin 112)2001 : Last versionGeneration Gap (Elastic method vs. Limit states)
- Design situationsCombination, history of loading important because rigidity is influenced by cracking.
- Flights therminal
- Quality control, people certification, …Concrete quality on site, rebars position, section geometry,….can be checked and reduced safety factors can hence be used.
- How the forces are transfered (see eg anchors)
- Around 1950.Creativity is sometimes opposed to standards (think also about soilmixing). Engineers must provide evidence (for clients, control offices,…).Sometimes, codes must be fighted.
- Companies invest a lot for harmonization support because they sell more products if everybody speaks the same language.+BIM
- Stress concentrations…better results ?
- Product development (CLT is a current example but there are plenty of others)Phase duration => know statistics
- Also : Strain-hardening vs. Strain softening
- 1981 – Kansas CityQuick design/adaptation > potential problems
- Japan disasterBeyond codes currently usedRisks assessement => méthode pour coûts
- RISK assessment, like for natural disastersAlso for geotechnical works (play with partial safety factors if economical benefits).Technical agreements (for reducing safety factors, also for execution), quality control, more tests allow for better characteristic valuesIdem for concrete repair, Certification ? Also for fire design !!
- Select the good materials. Benefit from other industries developments…Open for non traditionnal materials (or collaborate)
- Corruption, …