The document discusses the root causes of the decline of the Muslim world from an educational perspective. It explores three external factors that displaced Islam from the minds of Muslims: nationalism, secularism, and modernism. Nationalism divided the Muslim world into fragmented nation states and replaced Islamic identity. Secularism restricted religion to the private sphere. Modernism deified change and reason, displacing religion from guiding public policy. The author argues the modern West developed strong systems while the Muslim world lacked direction, leading to its decline.

1. CHAPTER 1:
THE ROOT CAUSES OF THE DECLINE OF
THE MUSLIM WORLD : AN EDUCATIONAL
PERSPECTIVE
PAGE 35-38
L E C T U R E R :
D R . M U H A M M A D M U M TA Z A L I
P R E PA R E D B Y:
B E L AY E T H O S S E N
G 1 4 2 9 9 7 5
1

2. 2
INTRODUCTI
ON

3.  - T h i s c h a p t e r d i s c u s s e s t h e r o o t c a u s e s o f t h e
d e c l i n e o f t h e M u s l i m W o r l d .
 I n t h e c h a p t e r a u t h o r d e s c r i b e d s o m e v e r y
c r u c i a l p o i n t s w h i c h w e r e s o u r c e s o f
d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e W e s t , w h i l e t h e M u s l i m
W o r l d w a s l a g g e d b e h i n d .
 B e s i d e s t h e a u t h o r m e n t i o n e d t h r e e e x t e r n a l
f a c t o r s t h a t p l a y e d v e r y i m p o r t a n t r o l e t o
d i s p l a c e I s l a m f r o m m i n d s e t o f M u s l i m s a s w e l l
a s f r o m t h e i r c o u n t r i e s . A n d t h e s e a r e
N a t i o n a l i s m , S e c u l a r i s m a n d M o d e r n i s m .
 I w i l l e x p l a i n t h e m i n e x p l o r a t i o n .
 I t w i l l b e f o l l o w e d b y a n a n a l y s i s a n d c r i t i c i s m .
 F i n a l l y, I w i l l i d e n t i f y a f e w n e w p o i n t s a n d
c o n c l u d e m y p r e s e n t a t i o n w i t h a c o n c l u s i o n .
3
INTRODUCTION

4. 4
EXPLORATIO
N

5. In tro d u ctio n o f th e ch ap ter:
 I n i n t r o d u c t i o n D r. M u m t a z A l i d i s c u s s e s t h e
s u p e r i o r i t y o f t h e m o d e r n w e s t o n t h e b a t t l e f i e l d , w h i l e
t h e M u s l i m r e m a i n e d s t a g n a n t a n d w e a k .
 T h e m o d e r n w e s t c o n s o l i d a t e d i t s e l f i n e c o n o m y , w h i l e
t h e e c o n o m y o f t h e O t t o m a n E m p i r e l a g g e d b e h i n d .
 M o d e r n We s t e r n c o u n t r i e s s t a r t e d m a k i n g g r e a t
s t r i d e s ( s t e p ) i n t h e a c q u i s i t i o n o f m o d e r n k n o w l e d g e a n d
a d y n a m i c m o d e r n e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m w h e r e a s M u s l i m s
d i d n o t p r o d u c e a n y t h i n g f r e s h o r d y n a m i c i n t h e
e d u c a t i o n a l f i e l d .
 T h e m o d e r n w e s t d e v e l o p e d p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a l
i n f r a s t r u c t u r e w i t h a c o m p a r a t i v e l y e q u i t a b l e d i s t r i b u t i o n
o f w e a l t h b u t o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , M u s l i m s h a d a h a p h a z a r d
a p p r o a c h . 5
Exploration

6. D r.M u m ta z ex p la in s so m e ex tern a l fa cto rs
wh ich a re:
N AT IO N A L IS M
 N a t i o n a l i s m i s a n i d e a t h a t g i v e s t h e l o y a l t y o f a m a n
t o h i s l a n d a n d c o m m u n i t y i n s t e a d o f t o G o d . A f t e r i t s
a d v e n t M u s l i m u n i t y a n d M u s l i m e m p i r e s s t a r t e d
b r e a k i n g i n t o p i e c e s , a n d C h r i s t i a n m i s s i o n a r i e s w e r e
i n s t r u m e n t a l i n p r o p a g a t i n g a n d p r e a c h i n g t h e
i d e o l o g y o f N a t i o n a l i s m .
 L a t e r , t h e s o - c a l l e d M u s l i m i n t e l l i g e n t s i a a n d e l i t e
w e r e m a i n l y t h e p r o d u c t s o f m o d e r n s e c u l a r We s t e r n
e d u c a t i o n , e m b r a c e d t h e i d e a , a n d s p i r i t o f
n a t i o n a l i s m ; c o n s e q u e n t l y t h e I s l a m i c U m m a t i c i d e n t i t y
w a s r e p l a c e d b y f r a g m e n t e d n a t i o n a l i d e n t i t i e s a n d t h e
M u s l i m Wo r l d w a s d i v i d e d i n t o m o r e t h a n 5 7 - n a t i o n
s t a t e s .
6
CONT…EXPLORATI
ON

7. SECULARISM
 After having achieved great success in dividing and weakening the Muslim world
through nationalism, the modern West put forward the idea of secularism that separates
religion from state.
 This was presented as giving people the right to choose and practice any religion, but at
the same time, it restricted religious practices to the private sphere. In essence it
advocated unbelief in God and the hereafter, and weakened the commitment of Muslims
to their faith.
 To weaken Muslims, the West propagated the ideologies of nationalism and secularism
which were accomplished primarily through the print media. Their magazines and
newspapers started publishing articles containing the ideas of nationalism and secularism.
 From the mid 18th century onwards, schools and colleges on modern Western lines were
opened in large numbers in British colonies which were adopted as a weapon to
propagate the ideas of these doctrines. The British Governor –General spearheaded this
movement and made sure that the products of the new secular educational system were
people who had been duly instilled with modern Western ideas and who would become
officers, public servants and workers serving the interests of the British. 7
CONT.EXPLORATIO
N

8. MODERNISM
 Modernism is an ideology that deifies change and is always in search
of something new. The salient(prominent) features of modernism
which contributed to the decline of the Muslim world may be outlined
as follows: expelling religion, culture and tradition from public life
and promoting the supremacy of reason.
 Reason and sense perception became the cornerstone of the process of
modernization. The application of empiricism and the so-called
scientific spirit without any recourse (help) to the Revelation displaced
religion from any role in guiding public policy.
 Muslims had pursued knowledge for the sake of knowing God and
themselves, or for leading a purposeful and virtuous life but the West
pursued knowledge for the sake of power. 8
CONT.EXPLORATION

9. 9
ANALYSIS

10.  According to author, between the 14th and 17th centuries, the Ottoman
Empire was a dominant power in the world and that spanned almost
three centuries.
 He argued that the Western world developed their armies, economy,
modern educational system, political and social infrastructure and
modern technology, while the Muslim world had a haphazard
approach in every aspect of their life.
 He described Nationalism, Secularism and Modernism which were
basically ideological and they played a decisive role in the complete
decline of the Muslim world.
10
ANALYSIS

11.  - Dr. Mumtaz Ali showed the difference between the purpose of
Muslims’ education and Westerns’ education. Western educational
system based on nationalism, secularism and modernism.
 He described that the emergence of modern nation states with a new
sense of nationality caused division among Muslims; huge empires
became fragmented into small nations sowing the seeds of disunity in
the Muslim world.
 The author precisely stated because of the onslaught of modernism,
strengthened by the development of institutions and introduction of the
new infrastructure, the scientific and empirical methods of knowledge
became dominant while other sources and methods of knowledge such
as knowledge of God, knowledge of religion, and knowledge of
revelation were marginalized; consequently some people always try
avoid these knowledge and they look for rational and empirical
knowledge. 11
CONT.ANALYSIS

12. 12
CRITICISM

13.  The author did not mention that Muslim World has lost their own
culture and tradition because of the influence of Western modern
ideology.
 The author also did not provide the solution to get rid of
Nationalism, Secularism and Modernism to the Muslim world. He just
stated the problems but did not give suggestion to the Muslim World
how to abolish these from the Muslim countries.
 He mentioned the negative sides of Western world but he did not
recommend the Muslim world how to benefit from the West
especially from their systems, innovation and so on!
 He criticized the Western world but he did not inspire the Muslim
World to develop themselves and their countries on the basis of the
Quran and Sunnah.
13
CRITICISM

14. 14
ADDITION
OF VIEWS

15.  The Muslim world may accept the modern technology of Western
world in order to bring progress in their life and countries’
infrastructure.
 Today the Western world is at the top level of education and innovation
so, the Muslim world may understand them and see which are based on
Qur’an and Sunnah
 Modernism teaches the humanity to think and innovate but based on
human reason without involving revelation. Based on revelation we
can inspire people to modernize their life styles and elegance ; Muslim
world should grab new ideas to modernize all sectors of our life based
on Shari’ah.
 The Muslim world should pay more attention to the research and
innovation so that we no longer need to buy any thing from the West.
We should come forward to build new industries and modern research
based universities.
15
ADDITION OF
VIEWS

16.  The Muslim world should teach our people Islam properly so that
we afford to differentiate between Islam and Jahiliyyah. And we
should avoid more dependency upon the West and learn how
to stand on our own foot.
 Muslim scholars should write a lot of books on the evil
consequences of nationalism, secularism and modernism,
and that should be textbook in their academic syllabus.
 To counteract the secularism , nationalism and modernism
Muslim world should reject non-Islamic political ideologies which
always try to impose man-made law upon Muslim world, and try
to prove unnecessary of Islamic law.
16
CONT…ADDITION OF
VIEWS

17.  -The Almighty Allah says: say “shall we inform you of the greatest
losers in their works?’. “Those whose efforts in this world are misguided,
while they assume that they are doing well.” They are those who rejected
the signs, evidences of their Lord, and the meeting with Him (in the
Hereafter) , so their works are in vain, and on Day of Resurrection, We
will consider them of no weight. That is their requital-Hell –on account of
their disbelief , and their taking My revelations and My messengers in
mockery. ( Sura Al-kahaf-18: 104-106).
 Therefore, based on these verses I can say that the Western world may
assume that they developed their lives and infrastructures of their
countries denying divine law. But this advancement is never stable, it is
almost fragile. They could have developed their worldly life but their inner
sides are crying out for peace and tranquility. So, we don’t want one-
sided progress rather we want both here and hereafter.
17
CONCLUSION

18. 18
Thanks all for
helping by
watching and
listening.