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Waarom je ziet wat je ziet



     Frans W. Cornelissen & Barbara Nordhjem

Laboratorium voor Experimentele Oogheelkunde
                   UMCG
          www.visualneuroscience.nl
Google: visueel vergelijkbare beelden?
Niet slecht
Google vindt dit vergelijkbaar
Google had ook deze beelden kunnen tonen




               Maar deed dat niet

Waarnemen en herkennen is geen triviaal probleem!
Waarom zien we wat we zien?
11
Kijk naar de rode stip




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Kijk naar je buurvrouw of -man
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Functionele specialisatie
Medische relevantie?
Patiënten met schizofrenie minder invloed van context,
          daardoor BETER in matching taken




                                                 Anderson et al. 2012
Mogelijk samenhang met kleinere receptieve velden
           in de primaire visuele cortex




                                               Anderson et al. 2012
Face adaptation
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Waarom je ziet wat je ziet

    Je brein vergelijkt visuele informatie
           over de tijd en ruimte,
           past zich heel snel aan,
         en laat weg wat er altijd is




        www.visualneuroscience.nl
Zien is vergelijken



Workshop: Hand illusie
Zien is leren en interpreteren
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Zelfde gezicht




Hoog Contrast               Laag Contrast

   Vrouw                         Man
38
40
41
Zien is leren en interpreteren


     Hollow Face Ilusion


Workshop: maak je eigen illusie
Waarom je ziet wat je ziet
       Je brein vergelijkt visuele informatie
              over de tijd en ruimte,
              past zich heel snel aan,
            en laat weg wat er altijd is


  Je (brein) ziet niet noodzakelijk wat er echt is,
            maar wat je hebt leren zien

           www.visualneuroscience.nl
46
Lothar Spillmann, Joe Hardy,
Peter   Delahunt,    Baingio
Pinna, and John S. Werner
                                            Tube illusion
UCD       Medical          Center,
USA;University     of   Freiburg,
Germany;PositScience,
USA;University of Sassari, Italy




             Take a cardboard tube, such as from a kitchen paper role, and hold it close to your eye, while keeping the
             other eye open. Look at a bright wall. The disk-shaped area seen through the tube will appear strikingly
             brighter than the same surface area viewed by the other eye. The effect is reminiscent of a flashlight
             illuminating the area under consideration. The effect takes a few seconds to fully develop. It also works
             with a textured surface where it enhances not only the brightness and color, but also the detail.
Courtesy Stevin Dakin, UCL
Courtesy Stevin Dakin, UCL
What do we need to perceive a moving person?




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“Change blindness”
Can you see this?



                    60
Neon color spreading




    van Tuijl (1975)
Watercolor effect




Pinna, Brelstaff & Spillmann (2001)

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Illusions - in Dutch

Notas do Editor

  1. Not to claim that the only thing going wrong here is picking the right features!
  2. Silencing illusion
  3. Face adaptation phenomenon. Explanation: brain contains populations of face sensitive neurons. Neurons adapt, in a similar way as occurs during colour adaptation. Different faces adapt different face neurons.
  4. Face adaptation phenomenon. Explanation: brain contains populations of face sensitive neurons. Neurons adapt, in a similar way as occurs during e.g. colour adaptation. Different faces adapt different face neurons.
  5. In the Illusion of Sex, two faces are perceived as male and female. However, both faces are actually versions of the same androgynous face. One face was created by increasing the contrast of the androgynous face, while the other face was created by decreasing the contrast. The face with more contrast is perceived as female, while the face with less contrast is perceived as male. The Illusion of Sex demonstrates that contrast is an important cue for perceiving the sex of a face, with greater contrast appearing feminine, and lesser contrast appearing masculine. Russell, R. (2009) A sex difference in facial pigmentation and its exaggeration by cosmetics. Perception, (38)1211-1219.
  6. In the Illusion of Sex, two faces are perceived as male and female. However, both faces are actually versions of the same androgynous face. One face was created by increasing the contrast of the androgynous face, while the other face was created by decreasing the contrast. The face with more contrast is perceived as female, while the face with less contrast is perceived as male. The Illusion of Sex demonstrates that contrast is an important cue for perceiving the sex of a face, with greater contrast appearing feminine, and lesser contrast appearing masculine. Russell, R. (2009) A sex difference in facial pigmentation and its exaggeration by cosmetics. Perception, (38)1211-1219.
  7. perception at different scales
  8. referred to as inattentive blindness, we’ll later see that attention is a critical part of perception