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Terms for Thoracic
Imaging ..Unifying the
     language.
       Part II
        Dr/Ahmed Bahnassy
    Consultant Radiologist –RMH.
         MBCHB-MD-FRCR.
air crescent
   An air crescent is a
    collection of air in a
    crescentic shape that
    separates the wall of a
    cavity from an inner
    mass.
It can represent
    aspergilloma on top of
    chronic cavity,partially
    ruptured hydatid cyst,or
    fungus ball in cavitary
    bronchiectasis.
apical cap
An apical cap is a caplike
   lesion at the lung apex,
   usually caused
by :
intrapulmonary and
   pleural fibrosis(due to
   old TB)
pulling down of
   extrapleural fat
Or It can be due to
   superior sulcus
   tumour.
aortopulmonary window
The aortopulmonary window
is the mediastinal region
    bounded
anteriorly by the ascending
    aorta,
Posteriorly by the descending
    aorta,
Cranially by the aortic arch,
inferiorly by the left pulmonary
    artery,
medially by the ligamentum
    arteriosum,
and laterally by
the pleura and left lung
silhouette sign
The silhouette sign is
the absence of
  depiction of an
  anatomic
soft-tissue border. It
  is caused by
  consolidation
and/or atelectasis of
  the adjacent
lung
bronchiolectasis
Bronchiolectasis is
  defined as
  dilatation of
  bronchioles. It is
  caused by
  inflammatory
  airways disease
  (potentially
  reversible) .
beaded septum sign
This sign consists of
  irregular and nodular
  thickening of interlobular
  septa reminiscent of a row
  of beads.
Loaded interstitium by fluid
  or inflammatory ,or
  malignant cells should be
  thought (pulmonary
  edema,Interstitial
  pneumonias
  ,sarcoidosis,lymphangitis
  carcinomatosis)
ground-glass opacity
area of hazy increased
  lung opacity, usually
  extensive,within which
  margins of pulmonary
  vessels may be
  indistinct. On CT
  scans, it appears as
  hazy increased
  opacity of lung, with
  preservation of
  bronchial and vascular
   margins
halo sign
The halo sign is a
  CT finding
of ground-glass
  opacity
  surrounding a
  nodule or mass.
DD: (1)invasive
  aspergillosis.
reversed halo sign
The reversed halo sign is a
  focal rounded area of
  ground-glass opacity
  surrounded by a more or
  less complete ring of
  consolidation .
  A rare sign, it was initially
  reported to be specific for
  cryptogenic organizing
  pneumonia but was
  subsequently described
  in patients with
  paracoccidioidomycosis
honeycombing
Honeycombing represents
  destroyed and fibrotic lung
  tissue containing numerous
  cystic airspaces with thick
  fibrous walls,

representing the late stage of
   various lung diseases.

The cysts range in size from a
   few millimeters to several
   centimeters in diameter,
have variable wall thickness, and
are lined by metaplastic
   bronchiolar epithelium
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Thoracic imaging terms 2

  • 1. Terms for Thoracic Imaging ..Unifying the language. Part II Dr/Ahmed Bahnassy Consultant Radiologist –RMH. MBCHB-MD-FRCR.
  • 2. air crescent An air crescent is a collection of air in a crescentic shape that separates the wall of a cavity from an inner mass. It can represent aspergilloma on top of chronic cavity,partially ruptured hydatid cyst,or fungus ball in cavitary bronchiectasis.
  • 3. apical cap An apical cap is a caplike lesion at the lung apex, usually caused by : intrapulmonary and pleural fibrosis(due to old TB) pulling down of extrapleural fat Or It can be due to superior sulcus tumour.
  • 4. aortopulmonary window The aortopulmonary window is the mediastinal region bounded anteriorly by the ascending aorta, Posteriorly by the descending aorta, Cranially by the aortic arch, inferiorly by the left pulmonary artery, medially by the ligamentum arteriosum, and laterally by the pleura and left lung
  • 5. silhouette sign The silhouette sign is the absence of depiction of an anatomic soft-tissue border. It is caused by consolidation and/or atelectasis of the adjacent lung
  • 6. bronchiolectasis Bronchiolectasis is defined as dilatation of bronchioles. It is caused by inflammatory airways disease (potentially reversible) .
  • 7. beaded septum sign This sign consists of irregular and nodular thickening of interlobular septa reminiscent of a row of beads. Loaded interstitium by fluid or inflammatory ,or malignant cells should be thought (pulmonary edema,Interstitial pneumonias ,sarcoidosis,lymphangitis carcinomatosis)
  • 8. ground-glass opacity area of hazy increased lung opacity, usually extensive,within which margins of pulmonary vessels may be indistinct. On CT scans, it appears as hazy increased opacity of lung, with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins
  • 9. halo sign The halo sign is a CT finding of ground-glass opacity surrounding a nodule or mass. DD: (1)invasive aspergillosis.
  • 10. reversed halo sign The reversed halo sign is a focal rounded area of ground-glass opacity surrounded by a more or less complete ring of consolidation . A rare sign, it was initially reported to be specific for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia but was subsequently described in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis
  • 11. honeycombing Honeycombing represents destroyed and fibrotic lung tissue containing numerous cystic airspaces with thick fibrous walls, representing the late stage of various lung diseases. The cysts range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter, have variable wall thickness, and are lined by metaplastic bronchiolar epithelium