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Business Management And Strategy Drawing Upon Lessons From Real Life Military Scenarios 1 Bob Stewart
- 1. The Forty Minute Boot Camp Bob Stewart
- 2. Warrior: armed with Chain Gun and 30mm Cannon which can carry 10 soldiers March 1991: Command of an infantry battalion equipped with 50 Warrior armoured vehicles
- 3. Main Building, Ministry of Defence Warned for Operations in the Balkans but: No Mission No Plan No Location
- 4. The MOD reckoned casualties could be one in four … … and the Press warned thousands Two wounded soldiers in Bosnia January 1993 would die regardless
- 5. Major, NI, 1982 Ballykelly Bomb Site On 6th December 1982 I had lost 6 soldiers killed and 35 wounded out of 120 soldiers in the Ballykelly Bomb, Northern Ireland
- 6. Rupert Smith At MOD Briefing General Rupert Smith gave me this note …
- 7. Germany August 1992 Bosnia February 1993 The experience was to age me rapidly!
- 8. A refugee child carried across the front lines at Turbe in January 1993 Principal Guide was my own Mission To Save Lives
- 9. Talking to the Advance Party at Vitez in September 1992 Three Decision Making Tools
- 10. Tool 1 Mission Analysis 1. What requires to be achieved? 2. What tasks are crucial to that? 3. What resources/constraints apply? Ideas for Plan
- 11. Tool 2 The Estimate 1. Mission • What must I do? 2. Factors (for each factor ask ‘So What?’) • Strategy/Politics • Opposition • Own Resources • Risks • Region • Timings • Costs 3. Courses Open • Assess ‘Advantages’ and ‘Disadvantages’ and select best one 4. Plan • Mission • Execution of Plan • Coordination
- 12. Painting showing recovery of LCpl Wayne Edwards’ Warrior armoured vehicle after his death in action Tool 3 Risk Assessment Capabilities x Intentions = Risk
- 13. Warriors operating in the mountains, Central Bosnia Operational Examples
- 14. Operational Example Mortar Attack Warrior armoured vehicles HQ British Forces Vitez, Central Bosnia
- 15. Battalion Headquarters and Logistics Base at Vitez hours Sarajevo 2 STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base River Lasva VITEZ North 1,000 metres
- 16. Mortars arrive from high elevation and are indirect fire weapons STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base Early December 1992 VITEZ Twice we came under mortar attack – luckily only causing slight damage
- 17. Before After So far we were lucky but what if it happened again?
- 18. Rules of Engagement Where was the mortar fired from? But anyway Rules of Engagement disallowed me from opening fire at mortars!
- 19. What could I do? Rules of Engagement were very difficult on this matter
- 20. Mission Analysis 1. What requires to be achieved? 2. What tasks are crucial to that? 3. What resources/constraints apply? Ideas for Plan
- 23. Medium mortars have a maximum range of about 5,600 metres. The mortar location must be within that radius from the base. s m etre 0 5 ,6 0 STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 24. My Intelligence Section confirmed the presence of three mortar locations close to the base re s 0 m et 5 ,6 0 STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 25. I visited each mortar position and warned that if they fired again at my camp I would take effective action against them……… STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 26. …. and then placed covert observation patrols close to each mortar so that I knew when they fired! STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 27. Mortar base plate photographed covertly
- 28. Two days later we were attacked again … but this time I knew which mortar position had fired! STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 29. My Warrior – ‘Juliet’ Immediately I left with two Warrior vehicles
- 30. ….driving directly to the offending mortar base plate position … STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 31. … and squashed the mortar tubes by driving Splat!! over them with my Warrior! STARI VITEZ Battalion HQ Logistics Base VITEZ
- 32. Replenishment in the Field Result No Rule of Engagement broken No more mortars landed at the base
- 33. An elderly couple in the back of an armoured vehicle – an ‘illegal’ UN activity! Operational Example Ethics under Fire
- 34. Moving into the fighting in the Lasva Valley February 1993
- 35. Tactical HQ and Logistics Base
- 36. A truck bomb 400 metres from our Logistics Base killed many people
- 37. It was rotten work Our mass grave contained over 100 bodies
- 38. A platoon commander trying to stop the fighting I had no mandate to stop the fighting!
- 39. Honours being paid where Wayne Edwards died I had already lost Lance Corporal Wayne Edwards
- 40. The Logistics Base at Vitez Bosnian Muslims pleaded for protection at the gates of my logistics base
- 41. Garage and Vehicle Park d R oa Ma in va as Front Lines rL ve Ri Several hundred Bosnian Muslim civilians Tac HQ Stari Vitez The Situation at our Garage Logistics Base North on 12 Feb 93 400 metres
- 42. Meeting with the Prime Minister in Bosnia Pressure from directly conflicting orders
- 43. Civilians begging for help outside the Logistics Base Even more pressure - people were dying
- 46. Challenging the Status Quo How it’s done now Strategy Can the strategy be revised? Not immediately. No entry to Camps Tactics Can it be done another way? Yes – if I interpret ‘Camp’ loosely Constraints What is immutable? What is not? Immutable – no civilians allowed in Camps But ‘Protected Area’ is not a ‘Camp’ is it?
- 47. We used armour to form a wall like this We protected civilians with a wall of armour
- 48. Patrolling in the Battle – Vitez, February 1993 We patrolled aggressively – shooting two snipers
- 49. We brought in shelter, food and blankets
- 50. Area calmed and civilians back to their homes within hours
- 51. Operational Example Helping Refugees to escape from Srebrenica
- 52. March 1993 The Bosnian Serb Army surrounds Srebrenica in Eastern Bosnia and shells the people
- 53. Croatia Serbia Zagreb Brcko Banja Luka Bihac Tuzla Tuzla Croatia Front Line Maglaj Srebrenica Vitez Zenica Gornji Vakuf Front Line Vitez Gorazde Bosnia Vakuf Gornji Sarajevo Main Supply Route Tomaslavgrad Split Mostar North British UN Area Bosnia 1992 - 93 Dubrovnik 50 kilometres
- 54. Rugged countryside around Tuzla We had opened a line crossing East of the City
- 55. B Squadron Scimitar moving in Bosnian Serb territory Major Alan Abraham, OC B Squadron 9/12th Lancers, given Mission of getting to Srebrenica
- 56. Overnight stop in mountains Bosnian Serb territory Major Alan Abraham took three days to traverse Bosnian Serb territory to Srebrenica area
- 57. Writing Mission Analysis in PUMA helicopter flying to Tuzla Base on 13 Mar 93 Mission Analysis in PUMA helicopter going to Tuzla 13 March 1993
- 59. Our land route
- 60. British UN Puma Helicopter in Bosnia Request for British helicopters to go into Srebrenica - rejected by MOD – too dangerous and well out of area MOD not happy about Risk
- 61. B Squadron 9/12th Lancers near Srebrenica March 1993 B Squadron were in very dangerous position close to Srebrenica
- 63. The need was great Spoke on radio to General Philippe Morillon French UN Commander
- 64. The French sent helicopters
- 65. The BBC helped - saying what was happening…
- 66. then we had British helicopter support too
- 67. The UNHCR evacuated people through the land route
- 68. Between 2,000 – 3,000 people were evacuated to safety in Tuzla
- 69. At Ahmici Massacre Site with RSM Stevens on 22nd April 1993 Operational Example Ahmici Thursday 22nd April 1993
- 70. Ethnic Cleansing in operation Vitez, April 1993 Battle between Croats and Muslims broke out in Central Bosnia during April 1993
- 71. The Intelligence Situation in the Lasva Valley on 22nd April 1993 Mountain Road to Zenica Dubravica Approximate Position of Bosnian Muslim Battalion HQ Front Lines Forces Logistics Base Bosnian Croat Forces Kaonik To Gornji Vakuf 2 hours River Lasva North Vitez Bosnian Croat Checkpoint To Sarajevo 2 hours 1 Kilometre
- 72. Jean-Pierre Thebault Jean-Pierre Thebault, Ambassador European Community Monitoring Mission, formally requested that I personally get the battles stopped
- 73. Muslim Front Lines Dubravica How could I approach front line positions quickly? What degree of risk was acceptable?
- 74. Bosnian Muslim Forces Dubravica Checkpoint STANDARD WAY TO APPROACH FRONT LINES Slowly and by Negotiation from the Rear Normal – Long Process – Safe – Weapons not Pointing at us Ahmici Bosnian Croat Forces Checkpoint
- 75. Dubravica Bosnian Muslim Forces Checkpoint RISKY NEW APPROACH Use No-Man’s-Land Arrive from front and parallel to defensive positions in enfilade Quick – Highly Visible –Vulnerable to Attack - Risky Ahmici Bosnian Croat Forces Checkpoint
- 76. Risk Analysis for 21 April 1993 (from Operational Notebook)
- 77. Mission Analysis What requires to be achieved? What tasks are crucial to that? What resources/constraints apply? Plan
- 78. Mission Analysis for 22nd April 1993
- 79. Planned Route: out and back through Bosnian Croat Checkpoint Dubravica Approximate Position of Bosnian Muslim Battalion HQ Front Lines Forces Bosnian Croat Forces Kaonik North River Lasva Vitez Bosnian Croat Checkpoint 1 Kilometre
- 80. Leaving Battalion Headquarters at 0900hrs
- 81. Actions until 1130hrs Dubravica Approximate Position of Battalion HQ Front Lines Bosnian Muslim Forces Attacked Bosnian Croat Forces Ahmici Kaonik North River Lasva Vitez Bosnian Croat Checkpoint 1 Kilometre
- 82. Approaching the Muslim Front Line Positions
- 83. The Muslim Front Lines were on the high ground and dominating the valley
- 84. Stopped amongst the Muslim Front Line Positions
- 85. Being told by the Muslims that many women and children had been massacred at Ahmici
- 87. Actions from 1130 – 1430hrs Dubravica Approximate Position of Battalion HQ Front Lines Bosnian Muslim Forces Bosnian Croat Attacked Forces Ahmici Kaonik North River Lasva Vitez Bosnian Croat Checkpoint 1 Kilometre
- 88. Arriving in Ahmici 22nd April 1993 Houses Mosque Attacked Fire and Manoeuvre Vitez 200 metres Main Road
- 89. The tumbled minaret of the Ahmici Mosque became a symbol of genocide in Bosnia right across the World
- 90. Ahmici 22 April 1993 Arriving at the far end of Ahmici Village I ordered a sweep through all houses
- 91. Ahmici Operation Start Line 1500 – 1900hrs 22nd April 1993 Attacked Command Post Established Mosque First bodies discovered 200 metres Main Road
- 92. What we found at Ahmici devasted us
- 93. Ahmici; 22nd April 1993 But what could I do?
- 94. Mission Analysis
- 95. Speaking to BBC, ITV, SKY, CBS and CNN journalists Briefing the international media on what had happened and who I thought to be responsible
- 96. … thus publicising what was happening to the World - against my explicit instructions. ……….. But the Geneva Conventions are the highest legal/moral imperative and above all other requirements for an officer.
- 97. Under fire again at Ahmici a few days later Establishing a ceasefire took 3 more days of work on the battlefields.
- 98. Summary In Bosnia nobody starved, froze or failed to receive medical supplies in our area. But we lost 3 people and about 20 others wounded
- 99. The Army taught that nobody but a qualified engineer should clear mines – but we had to do it or fail! Leadership involves risks, well understood objectives and careful planning. For use of the three tools was vital