Bishop Kenny NJROTC NS1 Lesson 3.1 Citizenship and Responsibility

1. CHAPTER 1
Citizenship and Responsibility
1

2. Authority and Laws
One of NJROTC‟s
goals is to develop
informed, responsible
citizens.
2

3. CITIZEN
• has, by birth or
choice, an
allegiance to a
particular
country.
3

4. Citizen
A member of a political
community
4

5. CITIZENSHIP
• a two-way
street. The
citizen owes
loyalty to his/her
country and the
country owes
protection to its
citizens.
5

6. Citizenship
The status of a citizen with
its attendant duties, rights
and privileges
6

7. “Only an
average
citizen?”
“Just a
private
citizen?”
Throughout American history, individual
citizens have played important roles like
the ones who died to save others on
Flight 93 on 11 September 2001.
7

8. Developing responsible, informed
_______ is one of NJROTC‟s primary
goals.
A. citizens
B. voters
C. officers
D. workers
8

9. Developing responsible, informed
_______ is one of NJROTC‟s primary
goals.
A. citizens
B. voters
C. officers
D. workers
9

10. Authority is the answer to the
question, “Who says so?”
One person makes the laws for everyone.
Tribal Chieftain Dictator King
10

11. Law
A rule of conduct or procedure
established by custom,
agreement, or authority
11

12. In modern
democracies, the
power of the
government is
derived from the
people through their
elected legislators to
create and uphold
laws on their behalf.
12

13. Laws are
agreements by
which we live.
13

14. No need for laws or
rules.
14

15. In the larger world there are laws
regulating all kinds of behavior for
safety and quality of life for all
members of the society.
15

16. Governments and lives
have changed greatly
over the millennium.
King Hammurabi
Babylon (1700 B.C.)
Emperor
Justinian I
(527-565) A.D.
Complex societies need
laws and regulations of U. S. House of
many kinds.
16
Representatives

17. National
Congress makes
laws that apply to State
the whole nation County
allowing local
government to City
adjust for their Community
area.
17

18. All major members
of local and national
governments are
elected by citizens.
• National
• State
• County
• City
• Community
18

19. All the laws these governments pass
have the force and consent of the
19 people behind them.

20. Senate and House
Congress is a
of Representatives
Constituted
Authority
Its members were
“appointed to an
office or lawfully
elected.”
20

21. Constituted Authority
Power to influence or command
thought, opinion, or behavior,
exercised by one lawfully
elected or appointed
21

22. Accepting the authority of the constituted
authoritative body is your responsibility.
As an American citizen, you have a say by
voting for those who represent you.
22

23. esponsibilities
R ights
Authoritative bodies make assurances to
the people (rights) for granting them the
authority (by vote) to continue governing.
Civil rights protect people in their
private lives.
Political rights allow people to
participate in their own governance.
23

24. The answer to the question, “Who says
so?” is _______.
A. citizens
B. custom
C. lawmakers
D. authority
24

25. The answer to the question, “Who says
so?” is _______.
A. citizens
B. custom
C. lawmakers
D. authority
25

26. Laws may be thought of as the _______
by which people live.
A. rules
B. restrictions
C. bonds
D. agreements
26

27. Laws may be thought of as the _______
by which people live.
A. rules
B. restrictions
C. bonds
D. agreements
27

28. The Citizen‟s Role
Rights and Responsibilities
A person becomes an American citizen
28 in one of three ways:

29. 1. Birth 2. Naturalization
29 3. Act of Congress

30. A person becomes a citizen by
being born in the United States.
Jus Soli means law of the soil.
Children of parents who are not citizens
become citizens if they are born in the
30
United States.

31. Jus Sanguinis means law of the blood.
Children born in a foreign country whose
parents are United States citizens also
become citizens of the United States.
31

32. A person who
enters the U.S.
legally can
complete the
process of
naturalization and
become a citizen.
32

33. The naturalization process includes:
• Waiting period
• Attending citizenship classes
• Passing a basic test on government
and civics
• Appearing before a federal judge
• Swearing an oath of allegiance to the
33
United States of America

34. Guam
Alaska Puerto Rico
Act of Congress . .
Citizenship
granted to
Hawaii people in
Unites States
United States territories.
34
Virgin Islands

35. US citizenship based on birth on US soil
is known as _______.
A. ius civis
B. ius populi
C. ius sanguinis
D. ius soli
35

36. US citizenship based on birth on US soil
is known as _______.
A. ius civis
B. ius populi
C. ius sanguinis
D. ius soli
36

37. Responsibility as a Citizen
Native-born or naturalized,
all citizens have the same
responsibilities:
Respect and obey the laws of the
37 United States

38. Prohibition
Sometimes
laws are
changed or
need to
XVlll
Amendment change.
Citizens need to obey the laws until
they are changed. It‟s a matter of
responsibility and loyalty to country.
38

39. Founding Fathers:
• Fought through the existing laws until
intolerable
• Showed measure of loyalty with
explanation of reasons for separation
• Recognized their responsibilities to
justify their change of allegiance
39

40. Responsibility as a Citizen
Participate by voting
at every opportunity.
40

41. The 26th amendment to the Constitution,
passed in 1971, lowered the voting age
41 to 18.

42. You can begin early in the voting process
by voting in school elections and in the
activities of clubs and organizations.
42

43. Responsibility as a
Citizen
Good citizens must
be willing to defend
their nation against
foreign aggression.
43

44. Good citizens support the efforts
of those willing to make sacrifices
44
for the defense of their country.

45. “…we mutually pledge to each other our
lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.”
The founders of our country were willing to
sacrifice everything to establish our
45 nation.

46. Alexis de Tocqueville
• One of the best
known foreign
observers
• Impressed by the
equality of
opportunity
• How can a society so
devoted to
materialism produce
46
civic spirit?

47. He believed the answer was in
the tradition of local
self-government and free
association, the
“spirit of association.”
47

48. Spirit of Association
The fondness American citizens
have for banding together in
organizations to address
problems of common interest
48

49. Jean-Jacques
David Hume John Locke Rousseau
The “American experiment”
drew on many ideas and the
thinking of many different
philosophers.
Baron de
49 Montesquieu

50. True or False: Native-born citizens have
more civil responsibilities than
naturalized citizens.
50

51. True or False: Native-born citizens have
more civil responsibilities than
naturalized citizens.
False
51

52. At the end of the Declaration of
Independence, the signers signed
below these words: “. . . we mutually
pledge to each other our lives, our
fortunes, and our sacred _______.”
A. trust
B. allegiance
C. honor
D. friendship
52

53. At the end of the Declaration of
Independence, the signers signed
below these words: “. . . we mutually
pledge to each other our lives, our
fortunes, and our sacred _______.”
A. trust
B. allegiance
C. honor
D. friendship
53

54. Characteristics of a
Good Citizen
Countries expect certain things
from their citizens besides mere
allegiance.
Here are some of the things good
American citizens do:
54

55. • Value, respect, and defend rights
guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution.
55

56. • Accept the basic idea of majority rule
56
under the U. S. Constitution.

57. • Believe in equal
opportunity for
everyone.
57

58. • Respect and
uphold the law
and its agencies.
58

59. • Vote.
59

60. • Accept taxes as the price of necessary
April
public services and pay them promptly.
60

61. • Accept civic responsibilities, such as
jury duty, and carry them out to the
61 best of their ability.

62. • Support efforts to prevent war but
stand ready to defend the country if
62 necessary.

63. • Know how to work with others on social
action—to win support for desirable
legislation, for instance.
63

64. • Know that a democracy needs citizens
who are well informed, so they pay
attention to the news, especially by
64
reading newspapers in print or online.

65. • Understand
that democracy
requires
citizens to be
educated.
65

66. Strip-mining Clear-cutting
• Respect property rights and
regulations, and meet their
obligations under contracts.
66

67. • Support fair
business
practices and fair
relations between
employers and
employees.
67

68. New York Stock
Exchange
• Take responsibility for making our
free-market economy work, with
government help and regulation
when necessary.
68

69. • Have some understanding of other
economic systems, including their
69
political and social aspects.

70. • Accept family
responsibilities and
uphold standards in
their neighborhood
and larger community.
70

71. • Understand other
cultures and ways of
life.
71

72. • Put the general welfare above their own
when they must choose.
72

73. • Understand how people depend on
one another around the world to work
together to make a good life.
73

74. • Understand that
in the long run,
people will
govern
themselves better
than any other
group or
individual would.
74
Royal Families

75. • Take responsibility for the
wise use of natural
resources.
Logging
Fishing
75 Mining

76. • Rely on democratic principles as
guides in evaluating their own and
76 other people‟s behavior.

77. • Feel they have
inherited an
unfinished
experiment in
self-government,
which is their
duty and
privilege to
carry on.
President John F. Kennedy
“Ask not what your country can do for you,
ask what you can do for your country.”
77

78. George John F. Martin Luther
Washington Kennedy King Jr.
• Cultivate qualities of personal
character such as courage,
wisdom, and generosity toward
78
others.

79. Good citizens understand that our
government is a/an _______ self-
government and that they must carry it
on.
A. ever-changing model of
B. unfinished experiment in
C. admired example of
D. universally respected design in
79

80. Good citizens understand that our
government is a/an _______ self-
government and that they must carry it
on.
A. ever-changing model of
B. unfinished experiment in
C. admired example of
D. universally respected design in
80

81. Good citizens support all these practices
for the good of the nation except which
one?
A. Equal opportunity for everyone
B. Government-regulated economy
C. Prudent use of natural resources
D. Fair business practices
81

82. Good citizens support all these practices
for the good of the nation except which
one?
A. Equal opportunity for everyone
B. Government-regulated economy
C. Prudent use of natural resources
D. Fair business practices
82

83. Bill of Responsibilities
Developed by the
Freedoms Foundation
of Valley Forge
How does it compare with
“Characters of a Good Citizen?”
83

84. Preamble
Freedom and responsibility are mutual and
inseparable; we can ensure enjoyment of
the one only by exercising the other.
Freedom for all of us depends on
responsibility by each of us.
84

85. To secure and expand our liberties,
therefore, we accept these
responsibilities as individual members
of a free society.
85

86. 1. Be fully responsible for our own
actions and the consequences
86 of those actions.

87. 2. Respect the rights
and beliefs of
others.
87

88. 3. Give sympathy, understanding,
and help to others.
88

89. 4. Do our best to meet our own and our
families' needs. There is no personal
freedom without economic freedom.
89

90. 5. Respect and obey laws. Liberty itself
is built on a foundation of law.
90

91. Private Public
6. Respect the property of others,
both private and public.
91

92. 7. Share with others your appreciation
of the benefits and obligations of
freedom. Freedom shared is freedom
strengthened.
92

93. 8. Participate
constructively
in the nation‟s
political life.
93

94. 9. Help freedom
survive by
assuming personal
responsibility for
its defense.
94

95. 10. Respect the
rights and meet
the
responsibilities
on which our
liberty rests and
our democracy
depends.
95

96. The Bill of Responsibilities developed by
the Freedoms Foundation links freedom
and _______ as mutual and inseparable
in a nation.
A. action
B. laws
C. responsibility
D. respect
96

97. The Bill of Responsibilities developed by
the Freedoms Foundation links freedom
and _______ as mutual and inseparable
in a nation.
A. action
B. laws
C. responsibility
D. respect
97

98. The Bill of Responsibilities developed by
the Freedoms Foundation states that
citizens should be courteous and
considerate of the rights and beliefs of
others so that _______ can flourish.
A. diversity
B. respect
C. productivity
D. individuality
98

99. The Bill of Responsibilities developed
by the Freedoms Foundation states
that citizens should be courteous and
considerate of the rights and beliefs of
others so that _______ can flourish.
A. diversity
B. respect
C. productivity
D. individuality
99

100. The Role of Government
Plato Aristotle Socrates
The Founders knew history. Our idea
of government began with the writings
of the Greek philosophers.
100

101. The Greeks described three
types of government.
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Democracy,
rule by one. rule by a few. rule by many.
101

102. The Founders were also familiar with
their contemporary political thinkers.
During the European “Age of
Enlightenment” reason and science
were celebrated and embraced.
102

103. The Founders were influenced by their
Judeo-Christian religious tradition.
They were from many different strands
of religious thought but took the Bible
seriously and spoke of providence.
The constitutional system reflected
these influences.
103

104. Providence
The care, guardianship, and
control exercised by a deity
104

105. What name is given to a form of
government where one person rules?
A. Aristocracy
B. Democracy
C. Monarchy
D. Oligarchy
105

106. What name is given to a form of
government where one person rules?
A. Aristocracy
B. Democracy
C. Monarchy
D. Oligarchy
106

107. The Founders
turned to the
Roman Republic
(509 BC-27 BC)
as one of the
models.
It lasted 500 years (before the autocratic
Roman Empire) and set the model for
classical republicanism, citizens
107
working together for the common good.

108. Classical Republicanism
A theory that holds that the best
kind of government is one that
promotes the common welfare
instead of the interests of one
class of citizens
108

109. One of the ideals was civic virtue, a
willingness to put public service ahead
of making money or tending to family.
109

110. Civic Virtue
The dedication of citizens to
the common good, even at the
cost of their individual interests
110

111. Cincinnatus George Washington
Cincinnatus embodied this ideal, returning
to his farm after service as Roman consul.
People admired George Washington for
following Cincinnatus‟ example.
111

112. American view to making classical
republicanism work.
• Civic Virtue
• Moral education
112
• Small, uniform communities

113. Ancients believed children needed to
learn civic virtue:
• courage
• fairness
• generosity
• self-control
The whole community took part.
{“It takes a village to raise a child”}
They were also taught to practice civic
religion believing that deities were
113
watching over them.

114. Classical republicanism favored
small uniform communities:
• Everyone knew everyone
• No one was much richer or poorer
114 • Everyone shared a common religion

115. Limitations:
• Americans didn‟t worship as Romans
• Didn‟t want state or established religion
First Amendment 1791
“Congress will make no law
respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof…”
115

116. Established religion
A religion supported by the
state through tax money
116

117. America was diverse and colonial
Americans didn‟t want to be
“all the same.”
They sought economic opportunity
in a vast country and wanted an
expandable system of government.
117

118. In what century did the Roman Republic
end?
A. 2nd century B.C.
B. 1st century B.C.
C. 1st century A.D.
D. 2nd century A.D.
118

119. In what century did the Roman Republic
end?
A. 2nd century B.C.
B. 1st century B.C.
C. 1st century A.D.
D. 2nd century A.D.
119

120. What term is used to refer to a
willingness to put public service above
individual or familial welfare?
A. Altruism
B. Spirit of Association
C. Civil Obedience
D. Civic virtue
120

121. What term is used to refer to a
willingness to put public service above
individual or familial welfare?
A. Altruism
B. Spirit of Association
C. Civil Obedience
D. Civic virtue
121

122. The Judeo-Christian Heritage
Judeo-Christian religious heritage
greatly influenced the Founders.
Although skeptical of religious
orthodoxy, they believed organized
religion could make better citizens
by communicating virtue.
122

123. Judeo-Christian
Relating to beliefs and practices
that have their historical roots
in Judaism and Christianity
123

124. Religious orthodoxy
Strict adherence to codified
beliefs
124

125. Judeo-Christian religious heritage
emphasized private morality over
the Romans‟ concept of public virtue.
Considered each individual to have
a soul, with dignity, worth,
125
and rights of his or her own.

126. Private Morality
The principles of virtue as
expressed in Judeo-Christian
teachings
126

127. Contemporary Influences
John Locke Thomas
Jefferson
John Locke, hero of Thomas Jefferson,
was a major influence on the Founders.
“natural rights”—the state exists
for the benefit of the individual
127

128. Baron de Montesquieu was another major
influence. The Frenchman admired the British
system of “mixed government” that provided
relative balance with professional and middle
class involvement.
128

129. True or False: The Judeo-Christian
tradition emphasizes public virtue while
the ancient Greek and Roman religions
emphasized private morality.
129

130. True or False: The Judeo-Christian
tradition emphasizes public virtue while
the ancient Greek and Roman religions
emphasized private morality.
False
130

131. James Madison
and Constitutional Republicanism
Great achievement—drew from all
influences to create a new system that
included aspects of two ancient
concepts: a democracy and a republic.
131

132. As Madison
saw it: Democracy—people
administer government
themselves so it only
works on a small scale.
Republic—people‟s
representatives
administer government
so it works on a
broader scale.
132

133. Federal
Constitutional
Republic
A government that derives its power from
the people through elected representatives
while protecting the rights of the people
with a series of written restrictions.
133

134. Founding era Americans and their
ancestors came to the New World
for spiritual and economic opportunities
They were more representative of
human nature as described by
natural-rights philosophers than the
ideals of self-sacrifice and conformity in
classical republicanism.
134

135. George Washington was exceptional.
Founders built a
system that took
human nature
and enlightened
self-interest into
account.
135

136. Constitutional Convention 1787.
Madison argues for:
• government that encourages good
republican citizens with civic virtue
• safeguarding citizens‟ freedoms
with checks and balances, and the
separation of powers
136

137. Separation of Powers
The division of the government
into executive, legislative
and judicial branches
137

138. Various influences
and schools of
thought resulted in
the United States
Constitution.
As an heir to this system, you enjoy the
rights ensured by the Constitution and
have a responsibility to protect them
138
for yourself and others.

139. What is considered James Madison‟s greatest
achievement in his concept for the government of
America?
A. Analyzing the causes of the French Revolution
and incorporating checks and balances against
the central power
B. Modeling the new system on the British system
but establishing the right of all citizens to vote
and participate in the decision-making
C. Ignoring established models of government and
forming one specific for the new capitalist and
ambitious spirit of America
D. Drawing from both a democracy and a republic to
have elected representatives handle the
139
government with a system of safeguards

140. What is considered James Madison‟s greatest
achievement in his concept for the government of
America?
A. Analyzing the causes of the French Revolution
and incorporating checks and balances against
the central power
B. Modeling the new system on the British system
but establishing the right of all citizens to vote
and participate in the decision-making
C. Ignoring established models of government and
forming one specific for the new capitalist and
ambitious spirit of America
D. Drawing from both a democracy and a republic to
have elected representatives handle the
140
government with a system of safeguards

141. „Ordinary‟ Citizens
Defend the Capital on 9/11
Armed services have a special
responsibility for defending the United
141
States but not the sole responsibility.

142. Sometimes „ordinary‟ citizens step up to
extraordinary challenges to protect the
country.
142

143. United Flt 93
September 11, 2001
Heroic passengers didn‟t say “not my
job”; they didn‟t wait; they made the
ultimate sacrifice for their country.
143

144. ? ?
September 11, 2001
Terrorists hijacked four commercial
aircraft to turn them into guided missiles.
144

145. Two planes destroyed
the World Trade
Center, a third hit the
Pentagon—nearly
145
3,000 deaths.

146. No one knows the intended target for
the fourth plane.
United Flt 93
Newark, New Jersey to
San Francisco, California
146

147. 9:28 a.m.—Hijackers took over Flt 93
9:32 a.m.—Hijackers announced
there is a bomb on board
The announcement was a lie to
explain the course change.
147

148. Passengers made cell phone calls,
learned of the World Trade Center attack,
and decided to rush the terrorists.
148

149. 9:57 a.m.—Passengers try to break
through to the cockpit
Hijacker rolls, climbs, and dives, to
throw the passengers and crew off.
149

150. Passengers continued and were
seconds from breaking into the
cockpit when the hijacker nosed
into the final dive.
150

151. In less than seven minutes, it was
over. United Flt 93 plowed into a
field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
151

152. 9/11 Commission:
• pilot‟s objective “…crash his airliner
into symbols of the American Public.”
• “He was defeated by the unarmed,
alerted passengers of United 93.”
152

153. 9/11 Commission:
• “…the nation owes a debt to the
passengers of United 93.”
• “Their action saved the lives of countless
others and may have saved either the U.S.
153 Capitol or the White House.”

154. Approximately how many people died
on the morning of September 11, 2001,
in the terrorist attack on New York
City?
A. 1500
B. 2000
C. 3000
D. 4000
154

155. Approximately how many people died
on the morning of September 11, 2001,
in the terrorist attack on New York
City?
A. 1500
B. 2000
C. 3000
D. 4000
155

156. Conclusion
Citizenship is a membership in a political
community.
A citizen has rights and responsibilities:
• Voting
• Paying taxes
• Obeying laws
• Supporting national defense
Laws have the force of the people behind
156
them.

157. American system of government—
Federal Constitutional Republic
James Madison—“Father of the
United States Constitution”
He drew ideas from:
• ancient Greeks and Romans
• important thinkers of his day
• Judeo-Christian tradition
157

158. The new American government
system he developed —Federal
Constitutional Republic—was intended
to encourage people to act as civic
minded good citizens but has checks
and balances, along with separation of
powers, to guard against consequences
158 if they did not.

159. Citizenship is a reciprocal
relationship: citizens owe the
country loyalty and the country
owes its citizens _______.
A. support
B. education
C. order
D. protection
159

160. Citizenship is a reciprocal
relationship: citizens owe the
country loyalty and the country
owes its citizens _______.
A. support
B. education
C. order
D. protection
160

161. Through custom or agreement,
groups of people establish rules
known as _______ to guide or
restrict them in behaviors or
procedures.
A. laws
B. rituals
C. constitutions
D. statutes
161

162. Through custom or agreement,
groups of people establish rules
known as _______ to guide or
restrict them in behaviors or
procedures.
A. laws
B. rituals
C. constitutions
D. statutes
162

163. What is meant by a constituted
authority, such as the US Congress?
A. An authority limited in scope or
controlled by greater forces
B. An authority lawfully appointed or
elected
C. An authority composed of various
elements or diverse interests
D. An authority unified or working on
a common goal
163

164. What is meant by a constituted
authority, such as the US Congress?
A. An authority limited in scope or
controlled by greater forces
B. An authority lawfully appointed or
elected
C. An authority composed of various
elements or diverse interests
D. An authority unified or working on
a common goal
164

165. What term is used to refer to the
rights protecting private
individuals from arbitrary or
unfair government actions?
A. Inherent
B. Human
C. Collective
D. Civil
165

166. What term is used to refer to the
rights protecting private
individuals from arbitrary or
unfair government actions?
A. Inherent
B. Human
C. Collective
D. Civil
166

167. What legal term is used to refer
to the right to US citizenship
based on being born on
American soil?
A. Ius sanguinis
B. Ius civis
C. Ius soli
D. Ius populi
167

168. What legal term is used to refer
to the right to US citizenship
based on being born on
American soil?
A. Ius sanguinis
B. Ius civis
C. Ius soli
D. Ius populi
168

169. What legal term is used to refer
to the right to US citizenship
based on being born to an
American citizen?
A. Ius sanguinis
B. Ius soli
C. Ius civis
D. Ius populi
169

170. What legal term is used to refer
to the right to US citizenship
based on being born to an
American citizen?
A. Ius sanguinis
B. Ius soli
C. Ius civis
D. Ius populi
170

171. What term is used to refer to the
process by which legal residents
of the US who are not citizens
can become citizens?
A. Immigration
B. Rescission
C. Residency
D. Naturalization
171

172. What term is used to refer to the
process by which legal residents
of the US who are not citizens
can become citizens?
A. Immigration
B. Rescission
C. Residency
D. Naturalization
172

173. A good citizen views _______ as
the price for public services.
A. social action
B. taxes
C. equal opportunity
D. a free-market economy
173

174. A good citizen views _______ as
the price for public services.
A. social action
B. taxes
C. equal opportunity
D. a free-market economy
174

175. Who visited and studied
America, noting how its devotion
to materialism was able to exist
alongside its civic spirit?
A. John Locke
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Alexis de Tocqueville
D. Baron de Montesquieu
175

176. Who visited and studied
America, noting how its devotion
to materialism was able to exist
alongside its civic spirit?
A. John Locke
B. Thomas Hobbes
C. Alexis de Tocqueville
D. Baron de Montesquieu
176

177. What term is used to refer to the
inclination of Americans to
band together to confront
problems of common interest?
A. Spirit of cooperation
B. Spirit of association
C. Spirit of mutuality
D. Spirit of community
177

178. What term is used to refer to the
inclination of Americans to
band together to confront
problems of common interest?
A. Spirit of cooperation
B. Spirit of association
C. Spirit of mutuality
D. Spirit of community
178

179. Why did the Founding Fathers publish
the document known as the Declaration
of Independence?
A. To explain the reasons for their
decision to break away from the
British Empire
B. To denounce the British Empire‟s
injustices to its colonists worldwide
C. To describe in detail the kind of
government they planned to set up
D. To warn the world about the new
country‟s philosophy of isolationism
179

180. Why did the Founding Fathers publish
the document known as the Declaration
of Independence?
A. To explain the reasons for their
decision to break away from the
British Empire
B. To denounce the British Empire‟s
injustices to its colonists worldwide
C. To describe in detail the kind of
government they planned to set up
D. To warn the world about the new
country‟s philosophy of isolationism
180

181. The Bill of Responsibilities
developed by the Freedoms
Foundation states that freedom
and _______ are mutual and
inseparable in a nation.
A. action
B. laws
C. responsibility
D. respect
181

182. The Bill of Responsibilities
developed by the Freedoms
Foundation states that freedom
and _______ are mutual and
inseparable in a nation.
A. action
B. laws
C. responsibility
D. respect
182

183. In the second half of the 18th
century, an interest in reason
and science flourished in
Europe, and this era became
known as the Age of _______.
A. Humanism
B. Discovery
C. Imagination
D. Enlightenment
183

184. In the second half of the 18th
century, an interest in reason
and science flourished in
Europe, and this era became
known as the Age of _______.
A. Humanism
B. Discovery
C. Imagination
D. Enlightenment
184

185. In the form of government
called a/an _______, one person
rules, while in a/an _______, a
few people rule.
A. aristocracy, democracy
B. monarchy, aristocracy
C. aristocracy, monarchy
D. monarchy, democracy
185

186. In the form of government
called a/an _______, one person
rules, while in a/an _______, a
few people rule.
A. aristocracy, democracy
B. monarchy, aristocracy
C. aristocracy, monarchy
D. monarchy, democracy
186

187. Frequently mentioned by the
Founding Fathers, the concept
of _______ refers to the care
and control given to humans by
a deity.
A. benevolence
B. providence
C. destiny
D. fortune
187

188. Frequently mentioned by the
Founding Fathers, the concept
of _______ refers to the care
and control given to humans by
a deity.
A. benevolence
B. providence
C. destiny
D. fortune
188

189. According to the theory of
classical republicanism, the
best government directs its
efforts toward the _______
instead of toward the interests
of a select group.
A. private morality
B. constituted authority
C. common welfare
D. silent majority
189

190. According to the theory of
classical republicanism, the
best government directs its
efforts toward the _______
instead of toward the interests
of a select group.
A. private morality
B. constituted authority
C. common welfare
D. silent majority
190

191. What term is used to refer to
public-spiritedness or a
readiness to put public service
above individual needs?
A. Spirit of association
B. Spirit of community
C. Civil obedience
D. Civic virtue
191

192. What term is used to refer to
public-spiritedness or a
readiness to put public service
above individual needs?
A. Spirit of association
B. Spirit of community
C. Civil obedience
D. Civic virtue
192

193. What American is associated
with Cincinnatus, the ideal
Roman citizen who returned to
private life as soon as he had
met his country‟s military
needs?
A. James Madison
B. George Washington
C. Benjamin Franklin
D. John Adams
193

194. What American is associated
with Cincinnatus, the ideal
Roman citizen who returned to
private life as soon as he had
met his country‟s military
needs?
A. James Madison
B. George Washington
C. Benjamin Franklin
D. John Adams
194

195. Even though they did not support
an established religion in
America, the Founding Fathers
were influenced by the _______
heritage, which they believed was
a method of instilling virtue.
A. Judeo-Christian
B. Protestant
C. Roman Catholic
D. Ancient Roman
195

196. Even though they did not support
an established religion in
America, the Founding Fathers
were influenced by the _______
heritage, which they believed was
a method of instilling virtue.
A. Judeo-Christian
B. Protestant
C. Roman Catholic
D. Ancient Roman
196

197. Which of these statements is NOT
true regarding private morality?
A. It is part of the Greek and Roman
heritage.
B. Its emphasis is on love and
kindness.
C. Its principles include the belief
that people have souls, dignity,
value, and rights.
D. It derives much of its teachings
from the Ten Commandments
197
and the Sermon on the Mount.

198. Which of these statements is NOT
true regarding private morality?
A. It is part of the Greek and Roman
heritage.
B. Its emphasis is on love and
kindness.
C. Its principles include the belief
that people have souls, dignity,
value, and rights.
D. It derives much of its teachings
from the Ten Commandments
198
and the Sermon on the Mount.

199. Whose philosophy of “natural
rights,” the belief that
governments existed for the
benefit of the individual, heavily
influenced the Founding
Fathers?
A. Alexis de Tocqueville
B. Thomas Paine
C. John Locke
D. Baron de Montesquieu
199

200. Whose philosophy of “natural
rights,” the belief that
governments existed for the
benefit of the individual, heavily
influenced the Founding
Fathers?
A. Alexis de Tocqueville
B. Thomas Paine
C. John Locke
D. Baron de Montesquieu
200

201. Who admired the British system
of “mixed government,” stating
that it was somewhat balanced
because the professional and
middle classes had a voice in
the government?
A. John Locke
B. Baron de Montesquieu
C. Alexis de Tocqueville
D. Thomas Jefferson
201

202. Who admired the British system
of “mixed government,” stating
that it was somewhat balanced
because the professional and
middle classes had a voice in
the government?
A. John Locke
B. Baron de Montesquieu
C. Alexis de Tocqueville
D. Thomas Jefferson
202

203. Who is called the “Father of the
Constitution”?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Patrick Henry
C. John Adams
D. James Madison
203

204. Who is called the “Father of the
Constitution”?
A. Thomas Jefferson
B. Patrick Henry
C. John Adams
D. James Madison
204

205. What does separation of powers refer
to?
A. The concept of people electing
representatives and then giving them
the power to act and vote for them.
B. The guarantee that states‟ rights will
never become less powerful than the
rights of the federal government.
C. The division of the federal
government into three branches with
safeguards of checks and balances.
D. The extensive list of reasons for the
205
colonies‟ break from Britain

206. What does separation of powers refer
to?
A. The concept of people electing
representatives and then giving them
the power to act and vote for them.
B. The guarantee that states‟ rights will
never become less powerful than the
rights of the federal government.
C. The division of the federal
government into three branches with
safeguards of checks and balances.
D. The extensive list of reasons for the
206
colonies‟ break from Britain

207. What notion does the heroism of the
passengers of United Airlines Flight 93 on
September 11, 2001, primarily illustrate?
A. That there is no such things as “just a
private citizen”
B. That Americans are now having to fight
a foreign enemy on their own soil
C. That the fight for freedom must be
carried out on land, on sea, and in the air
D. That people are more likely to be heroic
in groups rather than as individuals
207

208. What notion does the heroism of the
passengers of United Airlines Flight 93 on
September 11, 2001, primarily illustrate?
A. That there is no such things as “just a
private citizen”
B. That Americans are now having to fight
a foreign enemy on their own soil
C. That the fight for freedom must be
carried out on land, on sea, and in the air
D. That people are more likely to be heroic
in groups rather than as individuals
208

209. To what question is “Authority”
the answer?
A. Who leads the way?
B. Who makes the rule?
C. Who says so?
D. Who has the answer?
209

210. To what question is “Authority”
the answer?
A. Who leads the way?
B. Who makes the rule?
C. Who says so?
D. Who has the answer?
210

211. After they participate in the
legislative process by electing
the lawmakers, US citizens then
have the _______ to accept the
authority of those whom they
chose.
A. right
B. responsibility
C. choice
D. privilege
211

212. After they participate in the
legislative process by electing
the lawmakers, US citizens then
have the _______ to accept the
authority of those whom they
chose.
A. right
B. responsibility
C. choice
D. privilege
212

213. Which of these statements is NOT true regarding the
responsibilities of citizens?
A. Since not all citizens serve in the armed forces,
most are not able to assume any responsibility for
defending the nation against foreign aggression.
B. Citizens should vote not only because it is a
privilege but because it allows them to think
through issues and evaluate candidates carefully.
C. Citizens ought to obey the laws of the land even
though they do not approve of them, and they can
always participate in the process to have laws
changed.
D. Because they have a responsibility to be informed,
citizens should know about current events and the
principles of free-market economy.
213

214. Which of these statements is NOT true regarding the
responsibilities of citizens?
A. Since not all citizens serve in the armed forces,
most are not able to assume any responsibility for
defending the nation against foreign aggression.
B. Citizens should vote not only because it is a
privilege but because it allows them to think
through issues and evaluate candidates carefully.
C. Citizens ought to obey the laws of the land even
though they do not approve of them, and they can
always participate in the process to have laws
changed.
D. Because they have a responsibility to be informed,
citizens should know about current events and the
principles of free-market economy.
214

215. What form of government did James Madison
support for the new country?
A. A direct democracy in which all people
voted for every issue, as in ancient Greece.
B. A classical republic in which representatives
of the people managed the government, as
in ancient Rome
C. A combination of a direct democracy and a
classical republic with the people electing
representatives and their freedoms
safeguarded by checks and balances.
D. A new system which ignored established
models of government and was structured
specifically for the new capitalistic and
215
ambitious spirit of America

216. What form of government did James Madison
support for the new country?
A. A direct democracy in which all people
voted for every issue, as in ancient Greece.
B. A classical republic in which representatives
of the people managed the government, as
in ancient Rome
C. A combination of a direct democracy and a
classical republic with the people electing
representatives and their freedoms
safeguarded by checks and balances.
D. A new system which ignored established
models of government and was structured
specifically for the new capitalistic and
216
ambitious spirit of America

217. The loyalty that citizens owe the
country where they were born
or where they choose to live is
known as _______.
A. affiliation
B. obligation
C. civic virtue
D. allegiance
217

218. The loyalty that citizens owe the
country where they were born
or where they choose to live is
known as _______.
A. affiliation
B. obligation
C. civic virtue
D. allegiance
218