The document provides an overview of the proposed Northern Gateway Pipeline project which would transport oil from Alberta to the port of Kitimat, British Columbia. It discusses the project details including the pipeline route and tanker terminal. It also outlines the timeline of the project and reviews the social, economic and environmental issues considered, including concerns from First Nations groups. Significant opposition from environmental and indigenous groups led the government to ultimately reject the project in late 2016.

1. THE
NORTHERN
GATEWAY
PROJECT
B Y B R I T TA N Y C H Y Z , A B D U L L A H A L S I N A N ,
A R M A N D O B O R J A S

2. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Project Overview
•Timeline & Current
Status
•Social & Economic
Benefits & Challenges
•First Nations & Métis
Concerns
•Other Issues
•Environmental
Challenges
•Terrestrial Wildlife
•Marine Wildlife
•Aquatic Ecosystems
•Pollution
•Recommendations
•Conclusion
2

3. INTRODUCTION
A pipeline that will transfer heavy oil from Alberta to
the shores of British Columbia.
The capital cost is $7.9 Billion.
A collaboration between Enbridge and the Aboriginal
Equity Partners (AEP).
Find new ways to diversify Canadian oil industry due to
the US becoming self-dependent.
Build a pipeline with the highest safety and environmental
standards.
The objective of this presentation is to highlight the
main challenges and address the current status of
the project. 3

4. PROJECT
OVERVIEW
4

5. PROJECT OVERVIEW
 Two parallel lines:
 Marine Terminal with 2 tanker berths, 19 storage tanks and can
handle 220 ships per year.
Line Westbound Eastbound
Route Bruderheim,AB to Kitimat, BC Kitimat, BC to Bruderheim,AB
Length 1,177 km 1,177 km
Diameter 36” 20”
Fluid Type Heavy Oil Natural Gas Condensate
Volume 525,000 barrels/day 193,000 barrels/day
[1]
5

6. TIMELINE & CURRENT STATUS
1998 • Project Feasibility Study and Needs Analysis.
2004 • Formal launch of the Northern Gateway Project.
2005
• Kitimat named as the terminal site.
2006
• Minister of the Environment calls for a Joint Review Panel (JRP).
2008
• The JRP terms of reference, scope of review and process are outlined.
2010
• Northern Gateway Pipeline Project JRP formally established.
2011
• Janet Holder appointed Senior leader of Northern Gateway.
2012
• JRP hearings begin in 17 communities to hear oral and written evidence and expert testimony.
2013
• JRP community hearings concludes closing arguments and statements.
2014
• The government approves the project with 209 conditions.
2014 • Several opposing parties appeal the decision.
2016 • The court dismantled the approval decision due to lack of consultation with First Nations.
62016
• On November 29th, the Federal Gov’t officially rejects the implementation of Northern
Gateway Project

7. SOCIAL &
ECONOMIC
FACTORS
7

8. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS
AND CHALLENGES
• Create jobs and inspire economic growth.
• Contribute:
– $312 Billion to the Canada’s Gross Domestic Product;
– $98 Billion in tax revenue; and
– $70 Billion in labor.
• Will create 2000-3000 jobs during peak construction activities, and
1200 long term positions.
[2]
[2]
8

9. FIRST NATIONS AND MÉTIS
[3]
9

10. FIRST NATIONS AND MÉTIS CONCERNS
•Environmental and land use concerns
–Fish-bearing water bodies (Fraser River and Skeena
River)
–Great Bear Rainforest
•Inadequate consultation
–Federal Court of Appeal overturned the NEB Joint
Review Panel’s approval of the project in June 2016.
–Enbridge was trying to accommodate the concerns of
First Nations and Métis groups.
•Financial benefits
–Increase in equity (~33%);
–Employment. 10

11. OTHER ISSUES
• Concerns about impacts
to commercial fishing.
• Stigma
of Oil Sands development.
• Public perception
of Enbridge.
[4]
[5]
[6]
11

12. ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES
12

13. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
•Impacts considered by the NEB Joint Review
Panel:
–Terrestrial wildlife;
–Marine wildlife;
–Aquatic ecosystems; and
–Pollution.
13

14. TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE
• Woodland Caribou
– Right-of-ways cause more predation on caribou
• Grizzly Bear
• Endangerment
[7] [8]
14

15. MARINE WILDLIFE
• Killer whale
• HumpbackWhale
• Tanker traffic and speed
• Noise disturbance
[9] [10]
15

16. POLLUTION
•Spills.
•Construction activities.
•Electric motors at
Kitimat terminal.
[13]
[12]
[14]
17

17. RECOMMENDATIONS
• Mitigation plans, as outlined in the Report of the Joint
Review Panel:
– increased pipeline wall thickness.
– decreased distance between isolation valves.
– implantation of a leak-detection system.
– use of trenchless crossing techniques.
– use of tunnels in mountainous terrain to lower slide risk .
– improved tanker navigation and use of tug boats to prevent
tanker collisions.
– surveillance of humpback whales.
– establishing a Fisheries Liaison Committee.
• NEB found that Northern Gateway’s mitigation
procedures were appropriate, and thus recommend the
implementation of the project. 18

18. CONCLUSION
•A highly complex and controversial project since
its early beginnings.
•Has been a subject of intense public scrutiny.
•It has the potential of creating jobs and
diversifying the economy.
•However, opposition and environmentalists fear its
potential impacts.
•Federal government concluded that the project
was not in the best interest of communities along
the pipeline route.
•The Northern Gateway Project has been
dismissed. 19

19. QUESTIONS?
[15]

20. PRESENTATION REFERENCES
 [1] Northern Gateway. n.d.-d. Project Overview, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/About-The-Project/Project-
Overview.aspx (accessed 25 November 2016).
 [2] CAPP. 2016. Crude Oil Forecast, Markets and Transportation, CAPP (June 2016).
 [3] Bowles, P.,Veltmeyer H. 2013.Voices of Resistance to Canada’s Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline.
Global Research, 25 December 2013, http://www.globalresearch.ca/voices-of-resistance-to-canadas-enbridge-
northern-gateway-pipeline/5362704 (accessed 22 November 2016).
 [4] http://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/stories/2015/09/images/chinooksalmon00.jpg
 [5] http://www.pngall.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Fishing-Pole-PNG-Clipart.png
 [6] http://www.theontarion.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/oil-sands_kris-kr%C3%BCg.jpg
 [7] http://www.stantec.com/content/stantec/en/our-work/projects/creative-projects/caribou-
monitoring/_jcr_content/promotionalImage.rpath.1200.0.medium.1438958934387.jpg
 [8] http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/5499ddee69bedd0b4d8b456a-1200-
924/4765579600_dcd5a2f80f_o.jpg
 [9] https://www.wildgratitude.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/whale-meaning-whale-symbolism.jpg
 [10] https://marinebiologynews.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/8589130579880-orca-underwater-wallpaper-
hd.jpg?w=1200
 [11] National Energy Board. (2013). Connections: Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern
Gateway Project Volume 1. National Energy Board. Calgary: National Energy Board. Retrieved November 22,
2016, from https://docs.neb-one.gc.ca/ll-
eng/llisapi.dll/fetch/2000/90464/90552/384192/620327/624909/2396699/Volume_1_%2D_Connections_%2D
_A3S7C4.pdf?nodeid=2395827&vernum=-2
 [12] http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2010/09/BP-Stops-Oil-3.jpg
 [13]
https://i.cbc.ca/1.2774265.1411405819!/fileImage/httpImage/image.png_gen/derivatives/original_620/tanker-
graphic.png
 [14] http://www.jackmcneary.com/assets/images/Kalamazoo_oil_spill_2010.JPG
 [15] https://grist.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/otter-08.jpg 21

21. REPORT REFERENCES
• Allan, R. 2012. An Economic Assessment of Northern Gateway (January 2012).
• Bowles, P., Veltmeyer H. 2013. Voices of Resistance to Canada’s Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline. Global Research, 25 December 2013,
http://www.globalresearch.ca/voices-of-resistance-to-canadas-enbridge-northern-gateway-pipeline/5362704 (accessed 22 November 2016).
• CAPP. 2016. Crude Oil Forecast, Markets and Transportation, CAPP (June 2016). Carrier Sekani Tribal Council. 2011. Member Nations,
http://www.carriersekani.ca/member-nations/ (accessed 26 November 2016).
• CBC News. 2012. Northern Gateway pipeline: benefits vs. concerns. CBC News (published online 10 January 2012).
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/northern-gateway-pipeline-benefits-vs-concerns-1.1135312. Coastal First Nations. 2010. Communities,
http://www.coastalfirstnations.ca/communities (accessed 26 November 2016).
• Coastal First Nations. 2016. Supreme Court Rules BC Government Must Review Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline and Consult with
Gitga’at First Nation (Reprint 13 January 2016). http://www.coastalfirstnations.ca/news-release/january-13-2016-119pm.
• Coates, K. 2014. First Nations hold the key to the Northern Gateway pipeline. The Globe and Mail (published online 17 June 2014).
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/first-nations-hold-the-key-to-the-northern-gateway-pipeline/article19213035/.
• Enbridge Northern Gateway Project Joint Review Panel. 2014. Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project
- Considerations Section 9 (17 January 2014).
• Environment Canada. 2012. Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal population, in Canada,
Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (2012).
• Fausto, J, A Featherstone. 2011. Halton Wasterwater Pumping Station Master Plan Class Environmental Assessment, LGL Limited
Environmental Research Associates, Burlington, Ontario (2011).
• Government of Canada. 2016. Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 (S.C. 2012, c. 19, s. 52) (Reprint). http://laws-
lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-15.21/page-2.html#h-5.
• Luggi, D. 2010. Proposed Enbridge pipeline is not worth the risk. Carrier Sekani Tribal Council,
http://www.carriersekani.ca/images/docs/enbridge/010710%20MPs.pdf (accessed 26 November 2016). National Energy Board. 2012. The Joint
Review Panel, 2 November 2012, http://gatewaypanel.review-examen.gc.ca/clf-nsi/bts/jntrvwpnl-eng.html (accessed 25 November 2016).
• National Energy Board. 2012. The Joint Review Process, 18 September 2012, http://gatewaypanel.review-examen.gc.ca/clf-nsi/bts/jntrvwprcss-
eng.html (accessed 26 November 2016).
• National Energy Board. 2013a. Connections: Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project Volume 1,
National Energy Board, Calgary, Alberta (December 2013).
22

22. • National Energy Board. 2013b. Considerations: Report of the Joint Review Panel for the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project Volume 2, National Energy
Board, Calgary, Alberta (December 2013).
• National Energy Board. 2014. Decision Statement Issued under Section 54 of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 and Paragraph 104 (4) (b)
of the Jobs, Growth and Long-term Prosperity Act, 7 June 2014, http://gatewaypanel.review-examen.gc.ca/clf-nsi/dcmnt/dcsnsttmnt-eng.html (accessed 26
November 2016).
• Natural Resources Defense Council. 2011. Submission of the Natural Resources Defense Council to the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project Joint Review
Panel: Regarding Underwater Noise Impacts from Northern Gateway Tanker Traffic, Natural Resources Defense Council, Santa Monica, California (22
December 2011).
• Nored, M., Tweten, D., Brun, K. 2011. Compressor Station Piping Noise: Noise Mechanisms and Prediction Methods, Gas Machinery Research Council
(February 2011). Northern Gateway. n.d.-a. Benefits, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/Benefits/Jobs-And-Training.aspx (accessed 25 November 2016). Northern
Gateway. n.d.-b. First Nations, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/First-Nations.aspx (accessed 24 November 2016).
• Northern Gateway. n.d.-c. The most comprehensively scrutinized pipeline ever, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/Newsroom/Pipeline-Safety/The-most-
comprehensively-scrutinized-pipeline-ever.aspx (accessed 26 November 2016).
• Northern Gateway. 2016. Northern Gateway announces it will not appeal recent Federal Court of Appeal decision that reversed project approval (Reprint
20 September 2016). http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/Newsroom/In-the-Media/Northern-Gateway-announces-it-will-not-appeal.aspx. Northern Gateway. n.d.-d.
Project Overview, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/About-The-Project/Project-Overview.aspx (accessed 25 November 2016). Northern Gateway. n.d.-e. Why
NGP, http://www.gatewayfacts.ca/About-The-Project/Why-NGP.aspx (accessed 24 November 2016 2016).
• Office of the Wet'suwet'en. 2013. Argument of Office of Wet'suwet'en, 13 May 2013, http://www.wetsuweten.com/files/FINAL_ARGUMENT.pdf
(downloaded 26 November 2016). Pipe Up Against Enbridge. n.d. List of organizations, http://www.pipeupagainstenbridge.ca/the-movement/organizations
(accessed 25 November 2016).
• Raincoast Conservation Foundation. 2010. What’s at Stake? The cost of oil on British Columbia’s priceless coast. Raincoast Conservation Foundation.
Sidney, British Columbia (2010).
• Raincoast Conservation Foundation. 2011. Written Evidence of Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Calgary, Alberta
(21 December 2011).
• Raincoast Conservation Foundation. 2014. Raincoast’s Efforts: Enbridge’s Northern Gateway project and the NEB Hearings,
http://www.raincoast.org/enbridge-northern-gateway/ (accessed 25 November 2016). Save the Fraser. 2012. Save the Fraser Declaration,
http://savethefraser.ca/Fraser-Declaration-May2013.pdf (accessed 26 November 2016).
• Stantec Consulting Ltd. 2013. Parkway West Compressor Station: Environmental Report, Union Gas Limited, Guelph, Ontario (February 2013).
• Statistics Canada. 2016. Labour force characteristics, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly), 4 November 2014, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-
tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/lfss01c-eng.htm (accessed 24 November 2016).
• Sterritt, A. 2012. Enbridge can’t deny islands, Great Bear Rainforest. Vancouver Sun (published online 13 December 2012).
http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Enbridge+deny+islands+Great+Bear+Rainforest/7696467/story.html.
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REPORT REFERENCES

23. • Tasker, J. 2016a. Trudeau cabinet approves Trans Mountain, Line 3 pipelines, rejects Northern Gateway. CBC News (published online
29 November 2016). http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/federal-cabinet-trudeau-pipeline-decisions-1.3872828.
• Tasker, J. 2016b. Liberals decide fate of Northern Gateway pipeline, but won't announce until next week. CBC News (published online
25 November 2016). http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/northern-gateway-final-decision-friday-1.3865627.
• Tera Environmental Consultants. 2014. Environmental Impact Study of Core Area Wastewater Treatment Program Facilities:
Terrestrial Environment, Capital Regional District, Calgary, Alberta (March 2014).
• The Associated Press. 2015. Enbridge settles with Michigan over 2010 Kalamazoo oil spill. CBC News (published online 13 May 2015).
http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/enbridge-settles-with-michigan-over-2010-kalamazoo-oil-spill-1.3072149.
• Vernon, C. 2013. What Part of 'No' Does Enbridge Not Understand. The Huffington Post (published online 28 June 2013).
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/caitlyn-vernon/enbridge-northern-gateway-no_b_3514309.html.
• Yinka Dene Alliance. 2014. Rejection of the Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, 8 December 2014.
http://yinkadene.ca/images/uploads/2014-12-08_YDA_to_Premier_Prentice.pdf (accessed 26 November 2016).
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REPORT REFERENCES