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Genetic engineering
- 2. In the mid-1800s, Austrian monk Gregor Mendel revolutionized genetic science by employing precise pollination methods and statistical analysis. Mendel's pioneering methods allowed scientists later to determine how specific traits could be inherited into subsequent generations and to "coax" plants to swap traits they wouldn't readily exchange in nature. Gregors work in genetics lead to many breaks in genetics some good and some bad.
- 3. Cohen had been working on ways to isolate specific genes in antibiotic carrying plasmids and clone them individually by introducing them to the E. coli bacteria. Boyle had discovered Boyle and Cohen laid the foundations for gene therapy and biotechnology industry. For their outstanding achievements they received the lemelson-MIT prize in 1996
- 4. Web-spinning goats • Strong, flexible spider silk is one of the most valuable materials in nature, and it could be used to make an array of products • artificial ligaments, bullet proof vests, parachute cords, and the substitution of torn muscles. These are all products that can be made with spider webs. • Spider webs are stronger than steel which makes it an ideal material for many products. • The mass production of these web spinning goats can lead to a mass production of items that can benefit humanity in such a way that will leave no person without torn limbs. • This goat does not create webs like a spider it simply produces spiders’ web protein in its milk.
- 5. Venomous cabbage • Scientists have recently taken the gene that programs poison in scorpion tails and looked for ways to combine it with cabbage. • What is the point of venomous cabbage? It limits pesticide use while still preventing caterpillars from damaging cabbage crops. • These genetically modified cabbages would produce scorpion poison that kills caterpillars when they bite leaves. • The toxin of these venomous cabbages has been modified to so that it will not be harmful to humans.
- 6. Pollution-fighting plants • Scientists at the University of Washington are engineering poplar trees that can clean up contamination sites by absorbing groundwater pollutants through their roots. • The plants then break the pollutants down into harmless byproducts that are incorporated into their roots, stems and leaves or released into the air. • In laboratory tests, the transgenic plants are able to remove as much as 91 percent of trichloroethylene the most common groundwater pollutant • Regular poplar plants removed only 3 percent of the pollution
- 7. Super carbon- capturing plants • Humans add about nine gigatons of carbon to the atmosphere annually, and plants and trees absorb about five of those gigatons. • The remaining carbon contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming
- 8. Genetic Engineers typically they work in laboratories. Genetic Engineers are employed by private companies like pharmaceutical companies. Many Genetic Engineers are employed by The Federal Government for top secret human and animal experimentation. Some Genetic Engineers work in academia.
- 9. Genetic engineers should take a series of classes designed to familiarize them with the subjects of cell biology, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, biochemistry and medical genetics. A bachelors degree in a related field is the minimum education required to secure a job as a genetic engineer Any degree higher than a bachelors would increase your likelihood of obtaining a job in this field of work.
- 10. “According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, the job growth rate for genetic engineers continues to remain much faster than other sectors of the economy.” This is because corresponds with estimates by The United States of America Bureau of Labor Statistics that job growth for biochemists, and biophysicists shall grow by 31 percent between 2010, and 2020.
- 11. The National Human Genome Research Institute reports that the annual salaries for most Genetic Engineers as of 2011 falls around $44,320 and $139,440. The lower end would come from part time work, so obviously this means you need full time to earn around $139,440. The median annual salary of a Genetic Engineer is $82,840, as of 2011.