1. A REVIEW ON GRAPHENE REINFORCED
ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE PREPARED BY
SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
NIRMAL CHANDRA DAS, ANUBHAV MAHAPATRA, SUBHADRA SAHOO
AND DINESH KUMAR MISHRA
Presented By:
DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING
VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, BURLA

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 COMPOSITE
 SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATION
 FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
ALUMINIUM7055Alloy:
 Aluminium 7055 series alloys are heat treatable wrought alloys,
which are widely used in the aviation industry.
 Aluminium 7055 is alloyed with the elements like Zn, Mg, Cu and
Zr. Its chemical composition mentioned below
 Physical properties
Density 2.86g/cm3, Melting point: approx 580ºC
 Mechanical Properties
Young’s modulus - (68-72)Gpa, Tensile Strength – (70-
360)Mpa, Hardness-Vickers – (30-100)Hv, Yield Strength – (30-286)
Mpa Compressive Strength – (30-286)Mpa, Elongation – (2-41)%
Elements Al Zn Mg Cu
wt% 88.9-88.5 7.6-8.4 1.8-2.3 2-2.6

4. GRAPHENE
 Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a two-
dimensional, atomic-scale, honey-comb lattice in which one atom
forms each vertex.
 It is about 100 times stronger than the strongest steel. It conducts
heat and electricity efficiently and is nearly transparent.
 Graphene also shows a large and nonlinear diamagnetism, even
greater than graphite.
SP2 Hybridized Hexagonal Structure

5. The scope of our study is
To Study the effect of Graphene reinforcement
into the Aluminium matrix phase.
To study the effectiveness of various processes
over Aluminium 7055-Graphane composite
To study the mechanical, electrical, chemical
properties of the composite.
To study SPS process in fabrication of Al 7055-
Graphene composite.

6. PROCESS INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE
Fabricated a 0.1wt% aluminum–graphene
composite using ball milling, hot isostatic pressing.
Bartolucci
et al.
International
journal of mineral
and metallurgy
Adopted an improved fabrication technique, i.e.,
cryomilling (at 181°C), followed by hot isostatic
sintering and extrusion at a relatively lower
temperature (300°C).
Li et al.
-do-
Studied the effects of milling time and hot isostatic
sintering time on the mechanical properties of
aluminum-graphene composites.
Pérez–
Bustamante
et al.
-do-
Prepared the graphene-reinforced copper matrix
composites using vacuum uniaxial hot pressing ball
milled mixtures and studied the effects of graphene
size on the mechanical properties of the composites.
Dutkiewicz
et al.
-do-
Developed a friction stir processing method to
fabricate metal-graphene composites and achieved
the improved thermal conductivity and better tensile
strength.
Jeon et al.
-do-

7. COMPOSITE
 A composite material is a material which made from two or
more constituent materials with significantly different physical
or chemical properties that, when they combined, produce a
material with characteristics different from the individual
components, in general, one is matrix and other is reinforcement.
 Design goal: obtain a more desirable combination of
properties (principle of combined action)
Ex: low density and high strength
Rule of mixture:
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a
weighted mean used to predict various properties of a
composite material made up of continuous and unidirectional
fibers.
 Transverse properties refer to properties of the composite in
the direction normal to, as opposed to parallel to the fibers.

8. LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
In this case,
∈ 𝑐=∈ 𝑟=∈ 𝑚
𝐸𝑐=𝐸𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝐸 𝑚(1-𝑉𝑟) ,
𝜎
𝐸
=∈
=𝐸𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝐸 𝑚 𝑉𝑚
𝜎𝑐=𝜎𝑟 𝑉𝑟+𝜎 𝑚(1-𝑉𝑟)
∈ 𝑟=Elastic modulus of reinforcement
∈ 𝑐=Elastic modulus of composite
∈ 𝑚=Elastic modulus of matrix

10.  In SPS powder is directly fade into the graphite dice and the
die is enclosed with suitable punches . The entire assembly is put
into the SPS chamber , and the chamber is now closed and
atmosphere (vaccum) in which sintering is to carried out is applied
into the chamber.
The sample is heated by joule/heating and the sparking among
the particle of sintered material leads to faster heat and mass
transfer.
SPS is used to prepare graphene-reinforced 7055 aluminum alloy
composites.
 Aluminum 7055 alloy powder with a diameter of 50 μm was used
as the metal matrix material.
 A clean and strong interface by metallurgical bonding on an
atomic scale is formed between the graphene plates, and the
metal matrix due to the surface cleaning and electrical activation
effects of SPS, which is beneficial to improve the mechanical
properties of composites

11. FLOW CHAT
ALUMINIUM 7055 + GRAPHENE
MIXTURE
ISOTACTIC PRESSING
SINTERING
COMPOSITE
MIXTURE

12. ADVANTAGES OF SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
 Spark plasma sintering (SPS) can provide a time-saving, low-
temperature, low-pressure and high-quality method for the
fabrication of composites.
 Detrimental aluminum carbide (Al4C3) is not formed during
SPS processing because of the low sintering temperature and
non-milling blending process.
Uniform and Fast.
High energy efficiency.

13. DISADAVANTAGES OF SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
 Only simple symmetrical shapes may be prepared.
 Expensive pulsed D.C generator is required

14. APPLICATION
CAPACITOR
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
SOLAR CELL
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

15. FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
 S
SATELLITES
AUTOMOBILES

16. 1. Wen-ming Tian, Song-mei Li, Bo Wang, Xin Chen, Jian-hua Liu,
and Mei Yu(2015) “Graphene-reinforced aluminium matrix
composites prepared by spark plasma
2. Sintering”,international Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and
Materials Volume 23, Number 6, June 2016, Page 723-729
3. C. Jeon, Y. Jeong, J. Seo, H.N. Tien, S. Hong, Y. Yum, S. Hur,
and K. Lee, Material properties of graphene/aluminum metal
matrix composites fabricated by friction stir processing, Int. J.
Precis. Eng. Manuf., 15(2014), No. 6, p. 1235.
4. B. Lee, M.Y. Koo, S.H. Jin, K.T. Kim, and S.H. Hong,
Simultaneous strengthening and toughening of reduced graphene
oxide/alumina composites fabricated by molecular-level mixing
process, Carbon, 78(2014), p. 212.

17. THANK YOU