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Shape as Organizing Principle for 
Data 
MLConf, SF 2014 
Anthony Bak, Principal Data Scientist
The Data Problem: Complexity
Solution: Topological Summaries
Shape as Organizing 
Principle for Data
Shape as Organizing Principle
Reduce Bias, Discover Models 
Want to Discover the underlying structure without bias. 
TDA analyzes the data you have, 
not the data you want to have.
Generating Topological 
Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Generating Topological Summaries
Remember/Forget 
 Different lenses provide different summaries 
 Use multiple lenses/metrics to get the complete picture
Generating Topological Summaries
Lenses: where do they come from? 
Statistics 
Mean/Max/Min 
Variance 
n-Moment 
Density 
… 
Machine 
Learning 
PCA/SVD 
Autoencoders 
Isomap/MDS/TS 
NE 
… 
Geometry 
Centrality 
Curvature 
Harmonic Cycles 
…
Why Topology?
Key Properties of TDA 
Deformation 
Invariance 
Compressed 
Representation 
Coordinate 
Freeness
Coordinate Invariance 
1. Topology of shape doesn’t depend on the coordinates used to 
describe the shape 
1. Different feature sets can describe the same phenomena 
1. While processing data, we frequently alter coordinates: scaling, 
rotating, whitening 
You want to study properties of your data that are invariant 
under coordinate changes
Coordinate Invariance: Gene Expression 
NKI 
GSE230
Deformation Invariance 
• Topological features don’t change when you stretch and distort the 
data 
Advantage: Makes problems easier 
 Noise resistance 
 Less pre-processing of data 
 Robust (stable) data
Deformation Invariance
Deformation Invariance
Deformation Invariance
Deformation Invariance
Compressed Representation 
• Replace the metric space with a combinatorial summary: a simplicial 
complex. 
• Data becomes easier to manage, search, and query while 
maintaining essential features. 
• Leverages many known algorithms from graph theory, computational 
topology, computational geometry.
Compressed Representation
Baby Steps: PCA
PCA
PCA
Data Stories
Model Introspection
Model Introspection
Predictive Maintenance
Customer Churn
Customer Churn
Customer Churn
Transaction Fraud
Transaction Fraud
Transaction Fraud
Data has shape, 
Shape has meaning. 
http://www.ayasdi.com/company/careers/

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Shape as Organizing Principle for Data

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