9. 3.1.3 Classification of fibers
Natural fibers
Natural fibers are taken from animal,
vegetable, or mineral sources.
Manufactured fibers
Manufactured fibers are chemically
produced.
10. Major Classification Of Natural Fibers
NATURAL FIBERS
CELLULOSE MINERAL PROTEIN
asbestos
Seed Hair Bast Leaf Animal Hair
cotton linen wool silk
kapok cashmere
camel
mohair
12. b. Economic importance of cotton
production:
Worldwide more cotton is used than
any other fiber.In 1997 cotton
accounted for 43% of total world fiber
consumption.
China was the largest producer,
growing 24.3% of the world
total.followed by the United States
(16%), India (15%), Pakistan (9%).
13. c. Properties of cotton
Physical properties:
-Color:white to tan( 棕褐色)
- Luster(杂质):low
16. Mechanical properties
-Strength:weaker than flax and stronger
than rayon(人造丝), 10 to 20%
stronger when wet than when dry.
-Modulus(模量):high, similar to that of
polyester（适合于涤纶混纺）
-Elongation and Recovery(弹性恢复
性): low, wrinkle(皱).
18. d. Uses
Widely uses.In wearing apparel, the
qualities of comfort, dyeability and
reasonable cost have led to its wide
use in articles ranging from
underwear to evening gowns（礼
服）.
Be blended with other fibers,such as
manufactured fibers,flax and ramie.
23. 2.Flax
Bast fibers are those that grow in
the stems of plants.
The best known of the bast fibers
is linen, which comes from the flax
plant.
24.
25.
26.
27. a. History: from 4000B.C.countries
exporting the largest quantities of
linen are Poland, Ireland,
China,France and so on.
28. b. Preparation of the fiber
retting(受潮腐烂)
three types:
Dew(露水) retting
water retting
chemical retting
29. c. Properties of the fiber
Color:light cream(奶白色) to
a dark tan(棕色)
30. Mechanical properties
-Strength:one of the strongest of the
natural fiber, 20%stronger when wet
than when dry.
-Modulus:high
- Elongation and recovery(弹性恢复
率):low
-Flexibility: stiff
31. d. uses
Linen fabrics are found in wearing
apparel and in household textiles.
32.
33. 3.Sheep’s wool
b. Types of wool
About two hundred different breeds and
crossbreeds of sheep.
The sheep produces the most valuable
and finest wool is the Merino( 美利奴
羊) , 30%of wool production.
Comes from Spain and the largest
production in Australia.1 to 5 inches,
fine and elastic. Four groups of sheep.
36. d. Wool harvesting and processing
Shearing
-In spring season
-Lamb(羔羊）’ s wool: softer and finer
-Best comes from sides and
shoulders.
Preparation for spinning
-Scouring（洗毛）
-Carbonization（炭化）
37.
38. g.Properties of Wool
Physical properties
-Color: white to creamy white to light
beige, yellow, brown, and black. Easy
to dye.
-Shape: to 70 microns in diameter,
outer layer consists of a fine network of
small overlapping scales, in felting and
in shrinkage
39.
40. Mechanical Properties:
-Weak
-High elongation and recovery,
-Stretch easily and low modulus
Chemical Properties
-Chemical reactivity：耐酸不耐碱
41. h.Uses
-For cold-weather clothing, winter
coats, warm sweaters, and men’s
and women’s suits.
-In home: carpets, blankets
42. b. Wool consumption
Worldwide the market demand for
wool fibers dropped from 6% in
1977 to 3% in 1997.
Australia, New Zealand, and
South Africa are major producers
of wool.
43. Homework:
Look for some knowledge about silk
include history,properties and so on.
