1. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM

2. CARDIOVASCULAR
Comes from the Greek work “cardia”,
meaning “heart”, and the Latin
“vasculum”, meaning “small vessel”
The system can be compared to a large
muscular pump (heart) that sends a fluid
(blood) through a series of large and small
tubes (blood vessels)

3. HEART
It is a hollow, cone-shaped muscular organ
located behind and slightly to the left of the
sternum or breastbone
It is a muscular organ that rhythmically
contracts forcing the blood through a system
of vessels
Septum divides the heart into a right portion
and left portion.
Intrinsic Conduction Activity – the hearts own
nervous system that controls its beating
activity. It is located within the heart tissue.

5.  The heart is further subdivided into:
a) Atrium – upper chambers. The thin walled
atria (singular atrium) collect the blood
flowing from the heat into the veins (RIGHT
& LEFT ATRIUM)
b) Ventricles – collects and pumps the blood
into the arteries. (RIGHT & LEFT ARTERIES)
 The valves control the flow of blood through the
heart:
1. TRICUSPID VALVE
2. MITRAL VALVE
3. PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE
4. AORTIC VALVE

6.  Pericardium thin tough membrane that protects
the heart from rubbing against the lungs and
walls of the chest
 Atrioventricular or AV valves located between
the atria and ventricles. It produces the “lub”
sound; the semilunar valves produce the “dup”
sound.
 2 Phases of cardiovascular:
1. Systole – contraction
2. Diastole – relaxation
 1st organ to develop in a fetus
 Beats 2.5 billion times in an average life span
 Interstitial fluid immediate source of oxygen and
nutrients

7. HEART DISORDERS
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE – caused by
streptococcal infections
BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS – inflammation
of the heart’s lining
CORONARY HEART DISEASE – opening of
the coronary artery is blocked by
cholesterol deposits
HYPERTENSIONS – high blood pressure

8.  HEART MURMURS – are abnormal, extra heart
sounds made by the blood moving through the
heart and its valves
 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE – is any defect in
the heart or its main blood vessels that is
present at birth

9. BLOOD VESSEL
Form a closed transport system of tubes
measuring about 60,000 miles (96,500
kilometers) in length – more than twice
the distance.
The entire blood vessel system can be
thought of as a series of connected roads
and highways
Blood leaves the heart through large
vessels (highways) that travel forth into
the body.

11. At various points, these large vessels divide to
become smaller vessels (secondary roads).
In turn, these vessels continue to divide into
smaller and smaller vessels (on-lane roads).
And on its return trip, the blood travels vice-
versa until it reaches the heart.
In 1628,English physician William Harvey
(1578-1657) published a new concept of
blood circulation. He maintained that there
was a continuing flow of blood through the
body.
He is the father of Modern Medicine.
The valves are most numerous in the legs,
where blood must flow against the force of
gravity on its way back to the heart.

12. PULMONARYCIRCULATION– movementof
bloodfrom the heart to the lungs
SUPERIOR
VENA CAVA
INFERIOR
VENA CAVA
RIGHT
ATRIUM
TRICUSPID
VALVE
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
PULMONARY
SEMILUNAR
VALVE
PULMONARY
ARTERY
LUNGS

13. SYSTEMATICCIRCULATION– movementof
heart to the lungs to the bodysystems
LUNGS LEFT ATRIUM
MITRAL
VALVE/BICUSPID
VALVE
LEFT
VENTRICLE
AORTIC VALVEAORTA
BODY
SYSTEMS

15. BLOOD
 Is the fluid pumped by the heart through the blood
vessels to all parts of the body
 It is connective tissue; as its name, connects body
parts, providing support, storage and protection.
 Non-living fluid matrix plasma and formed
elements
 Dull red in color, depending on the amount of the
oxygen carried
 Normal adult blood volume – 5 to 6 liters
 Agglutination – the blood cells that is clumped
together and can block small vessels. It can be fatal
to a person that is given the wrong blood type

16. Found everywhere in the body, connective
tissue is the most abundant type of the 4
types of tissues (the other 3 are epithelial,
muscle and nervous)
Of all the tissues in the body, it is unique – it
is the only one that is fluid
It carries everything that must be transported
from one place to another within the body
It helps protect the body by clotting & by
acting as a defense against foreign
microorganisms
Has a temperature of about 100.4⁰F (38⁰C)
It makes up approximately 8% of a person’s
body weight

17. Classification of Blood
Cells/Formed Elements
1. Erythrocytes – red blood cells, for oxygen
transport
- 45% of total blood volume
- Small biconcave disk shaped cell
- Contains Hemoglobin – a protein pigment
- 1 red blood cell = 250 million hemoglobin
molecule
- 1 hemoglobin molecule = 4 molecules of oxygen
- Normal blood contains 12to 18 g
hemoglobin/100ml of blood
- 4 main blood types: A, B, O and AB

18. 2. Leukocytes – white blood cells
- Body’s defense against diseases
- 4,000 to 11,000 WBC/cubic volume
- Forms a protective army that helps defend the
body
- Capable to slip in and out of the blood vessel
by the process of diapedesis
3. Plasma – a watery, straw-colored fluid
- Approximately 92% water
- Over 100 diff. substances are dissolved in this
- Albumins help to keep water in the
bloodstream

19. 4. Platelets – or thrombocytes, are not truly cells
like RBC and WBC
- Small, disk-shaped fragments of extraordinarily
large cells called megakaryocytes that are
located in bone marrow
- 300,000 per cubic mm of blood
- Help to control bleeding in a complex process
called homeostasis, or the stoppage of blood
flow
- Releases serotonin, a chemical that causes the
blood vessel to spasm and narrow, decreasing
the amount of blood flowing to the site of the
injury

20. BLOOD DISEASES
ANEMIA – deficiencies in the number of
RBC or hemoglobin content; large quantity
of blood loss thru bleeding or iron
deficiency
LEUKEMIA – uncontrolled overproduction
of abnormal leukocytes
HEMOPHILIA – delayed clotting time
leading to profuse blood loss; hereditary
disease carried by women but manifested
only in men

21. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS – the walls of arteries
become thickened and hard, interfering
with the circulation of blood
ATHEROSCLEROSIS – General term for
hardening of the arteries. Fatty material
accumulates on the interior walls of
arteries making them narrower
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA – inherited blood
disorder in which RBC are sickle-shaped
instead of round because of defective
hemoglobin molecules