The Inquisition was established by the Roman Catholic Church to identify and punish heretics. It used cruel methods like burning victims at the stake. The document also discusses the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), the achievements of Catholic missionaries in spreading the faith, and some of the key differences between Catholics and Protestants. It notes that the Protestant Reformation led to divisions in Christianity and sparked various religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in the 16th-17th centuries over issues of authority, worship, and doctrine.