Structure of a research paper, Abstract, Background, Methodology, Testing, Results & Conclusion

1. Research Paper Writing
Presented by
Dr. Anagha Soman

2. What is a Research Paper?
• An important part of academic writing.
• It is written to analyze a particular topic and proposes involved with that theory
which has not been used before.
• introduces what is the purpose of the research.
• enhances the theories and methods used to support hypothetical view of point
used in the project.
• Writing a research paper includes argumentative writing as well as research skills.
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3. Challenges In Writing A Research Paper
• Selecting the right topic
• Writing the purpose of the research and justification
• Collect relevant statistics and data
• Application
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4. Selection of topic
• Outcome based
• Novelty
• Futuristic
• Application: Societal, commercial etc.
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5. Format
• Headings in font size 14 and rest of the matter in 12
• Justified matter
• Two column format
• Authors’ name, designation, affiliations and email ID
• Use same tense throughout the paper : present or past
• Passive voice and Indirect speech
• Results should be in tabular and graphical form ( Lesser text)
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6. General structure of Paper
• Title & Abstract
• Introduction ( Background/ Rationale)
• Abstract (key area where all the evaluator check first)
• Problem statement ( Research question(s))
• Research methodology ( Process, Equipment )
• Time & Work schedule
• Contingency cost
• Conclusion/ Expected outcome
• Bibliography
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7. Title
• Short & compact
• Representing the topic clearly
• Not a sentence
• Self explainatory
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8. Abstract
• It should be short and crispy in 5-7 lines.
• It should include
• the problem statement of your research
• a solution to solve the problem or idea to fix the problem.
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9. Introduction/ Background
• must have 5-7 lines which highlight the important aspects of the domain.
• This an eye-opening content of your research so it generally holds the 20% to 30%
of acceptance ratio of the proposal.
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10. Problem statement
• Good research questions are comprised of 1-3 lines along with the reason
that they are asked for.
• The problem statement includes the main research modes such as
conceptual, theoretical, empirical, and normative, as appropriate and
rationale.
• Highlight the significance of the research proposal whether it is applicable
in academic or in other areas of the research.
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11. Purpose
• briefly description on the purpose of your study
• Justification why you are going to do this study in a crisp and clear manner.
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12. Objective and Significance of the research
• What are outcomes and achievement?
• Through your research what are you contributing?
• What is the need and importance of your research?
• What is the use and what is going to change or happen in the end through your
research?
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13. Methodology
• write a research methodology with the questions how you are going to start your
research right from literature review till the end conclusion in 4 to 5 points.
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14. Expected results of the project
• 2 to 3 lines of approximate result with its achievement on the target application.
• Data logging and Analysis tools are also to be stated
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15. Estimated Budget & Timeline
• There are two types of budgets: Recurring & Non-recurring
• Recurring: Consumables, travel expenses, purchasing of books, review papers,
taking prints, Xerox, demonstration, electricity charges, institute infrastructural
charges
• Non-recurring: costs of machines, software’s, equipment
• separate table of the entire summary of the budget estimate has to be developed
stating all the total of different budgets in a single table and the GRAND TOTAL
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16. Acknowdgement
• Industry person, designation, industry name in case of industry
sponsored project
• College and guide
• Funding agency if any
• If tools are provided by any industry
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17. References
• Alphabetize your reference page by the authors' last names or as per presence in
your research report
• include every resource you used in your work
• include every source you use during the research process ( book, article in
journal, website link)
• The elements of an IEEE format reference are:
• A corresponding number to the in-text citation
• Author’s surname and initials
• The full title of the work
• Place of publication
• Date of publication
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18. Important points
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19. Other miscellaneous factors
• Costing Estimate: Sanctioned grant amount < Estimated amount
• Choice of funding agencies: Depending on the type of project
• Interdisciplinary research: is promoted by most of the funding agencies
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20. Summary: How to write a Research Paper
• Determine the area/ topic
• Study literature (Find the gap in the respective literature)
• Problem statement
• (Make a purpose statement)
• Formulate a question & hypotheses
• Write an introduction ( Justification of purpose)
• Describe methodology in terms of block diagram/ flow
chart
• Describe research design
• Describe data collection procedure, Testing and
Observation
• Provide a timeline and budget
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21. Where to publish paper?
• UGC care list
• Cost – Free, INR, USD
• National/ international
• Impact factor of publication
• No. of issues per year ( Timeline)
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22. After publishing?
• Add the link of published paper to your resume (under publications)
• Add the paper to your Google scholar list
• Take the print of published paper and carry it in folder along with all
your testimonials here onwards
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